Flight endurance record
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Theflight endurance recordis the longest amount of time an aircraft of a particular category spent in flight without landing. It can be a solo event, or multiple people can take turns piloting the aircraft, as long as all pilots remain in the aircraft. The limit initially was the amount of fuel that could be stored for the flight, butaerial refuelingextended that parameter. Due to safety concerns, theFédération Aéronautique Internationale(FAI) no longer recognizes new records for the duration of crewed airplane or glider flights and has never recognized any duration records for helicopters.
Airplane[edit]
Non-refueled, crewed[edit]
Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilots | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
09:00:03:44 | December 14–23, 1986 | Edwards Air Force Base,US,circumnavigation | Dick RutanandJeana Yeager | Rutan Voyager | [1] | |
04:21:51:00 | June 28 to July 3, 2015 | Nagoya,Japan–Kalaeloa Airport,Hawaii,United States(8263 kilometres) | André Borschberg | Solar Impulse 2 | Solar plane, without any fuel; also longest solo airplane flight of any type | [2][3] |
03:12:32:00 | May 25–28, 1931 | Jacksonville, Florida,US | Walter Edwin LeesandFrederic Brossy | Bellanca J-2 | Last record recognized by FAI | [4] |
03:04:45:00 | February 8–11, 2004 | Kennedy Space Center,Florida, US | Steve Fosset | Global Flyer | [5][6] | |
03:03:23:07 | February 26 to March 1, 1931 | La Sénia,Algeria | Lucien BossoutrotandMaurice Rossi | Blériot 110 | [7] | |
02:19:13:55 | May 30 to June 2, 1930 | Montecelio,Italy | Umberto MaddalenaandFausto Cecconi | Savoia-Marchetti S.64 | [8] | |
02:17:25:00 | July 5–7, 1928 | Dessau,Germany | Johann Riszticsand Wilhelm Zimmermann | Junkers W 33 | Also surpassed the refueled record | [9] |
02:04:22:31.8 | August 3–5, 1927 | Dessau,Germany | Cornelius EdzardandJohann Risztics | Junkers W 33 | [10] | |
02:03:11:25 | April 12–14, 1927 | Long Island,New York, US | Clarence Duncan ChamberlinandBertrand Blanchard Acosta | Wright-Bellanca WB-2"Columbia" | [11] | |
01:21:11:59 | August 7–9, 1925 | Chartres,France | Maurice DrouhinandJules Landry | Farman F.60 Goliath | [12] | |
01:13:59:10 | July 16–17, 1924 | Chartres,France | Etienne CoupetandMaurice Drouhin | Farman F-60 | Also surpassed the refueled record | [13] |
01:12:04:34 | April 16–17, 1923 | Wilbur Wright Field,Dayton, Ohio,US | Oakley George KellyandJohn Arthur Macready | Fokker T-2 | [14] | |
01:10:14:07 | October 14–15, 1922 | Le Bourget,France | Lucien BossoutrotandRobert Drouhin | Farman F.60 Goliath | [15] | |
01:02:19:35 | December 29–30, 1921 | Roosevelt Field, New York,US;[16]FAI record saysJacksonville, Florida | Edward A. StinsonandLloyd Bertaud | Junkers-Larsen JL-6 | First record recognized by FAI | [17] |
01:00:19:07 | June 3–4, 1920 | Ville Sauvage la Dordogne, France | Lucien BossoutrotandJean Bernard | Farman F.60 Goliath | [18] | |
01:00:12:00 | July 10–11, 1914 | Johannisthal Air Fieldnear Berlin, Germany | Reinhold Böhm | Albatrosbiplane | [19][20] | |
00:21:49:00 | June 28–29, 1914 | Johannisthal Air Fieldnear Berlin, Germany | Werner Landmann | Albatrosbiplane | [21] | |
00:13:22:00 | September 11, 1912 | Étampesairfield in France | Alexandre Fourny (Fourney) | Maurice FarmanMF-2 | [22][23] | |
00:11:01:29 | September 1, 1911 | Buc,France | Alexandre Fourny (Fourney) | Maurice Farmanbiplane | [24][25] | |
00:08:12:45 | December 18, 1910 | Étampesairfield in France | Henri Farman | Maurice Farmanbiplane | [26] | |
00:06:01:00 | October 28, 1910 | Buc,France | Maurice Tabuteau | Maurice FarmanMF-2 | [27] | |
00:05:03:05 | July 10, 1910 | Reims,France | Jan Olieslagers | Blériotmonoplane | [27][28] | |
00:04:17:35 | November 3, 1909 | Mourmelon-le-Grand,France | Henri Farman | H. Farman | [29] | |
00:02:18:33.6 | December 31, 1908 | Camp d’Auvours nearLe Mans,France | Wilbur Wright | Wright Model A | [30] | |
00:01:54:00.4 | December 18, 1908 | Camp d’Auvours nearLe Mans,France | Wilbur Wright | Wright Model A | [30] | |
00:01:31:25.8 | September 21, 1908 | Camp d’Auvours nearLe Mans,France | Wilbur Wright | Wright Model A | [30] | |
00:01:14:20 | September 12, 1908 | Fort Myer, Virginia,US | Orville Wright | Wright Model A | [31] | |
00:01:10:24 | September 11, 1908 | Fort Myer, Virginia,US | Orville Wright | Wright Model A | [31] | |
00:01:05:52 | September 10, 1908 | Fort Myer, Virginia | Orville Wright | Wright Model A | [31] | |
00:01:02:15 | September 9, 1908 | Fort Myer, Virginia,US | Orville Wright | Wright Model A | [31] | |
00:00:59:23.8 | October 5, 1905 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, US | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer III | [32] | |
00:00:33:17 | October 4, 1905 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, US | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer III | [32] | |
00:00:26:11.2 | October 3, 1905 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, US | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer III | [32] | |
00:00:19:56 | September 29, 1905 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, US | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer III | [32] | |
00:00:18:11 | September 26, 1905 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, US | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer III | [32] | |
00:00:05:41 | September 12, 1905 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, YS | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer III | [32] | |
00:00:05:04 | November 9, 1904 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, US | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer II | [33] | |
00:00:01:38 | October 14, 1904 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, US | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer II | [33] | |
00:00:01:35 | September 20, 1904 | Huffman Prairie,Ohio, US | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer II | [33] | |
00:00:00:59 | December 17, 1903 | Kitty Hawk, North Carolina,US | Wilbur Wright | Wright Flyer | [34] | |
00:00:00:12 | December 17, 1903 | Kitty Hawk, North Carolina,US | Orville Wright | Wright Flyer | First flight | [34] |
Refueled, crewed[edit]
Duration |
Date | Location | Pilots | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
64:22:19:05 | December 4, 1958, to February 7, 1959 | Las Vegas, Nevada | Robert Timm and John Cook | Cessna 172 Hacienda |
Refueled from moving truck on ground | [35] |
50:00:18:20 | August 2, 1958, to September 21, 1958 | Dallas, Texas,US | Jim Heth and Bill Burkhart | Cessna 172 The Old Scotchman |
Refueled from moving truck on ground | [35][36] |
46:20:00:00 | August 24 to October 10, 1949 | Yuma, Arizona,US | Bob Woodhouse and Woody Jongeward | Aeronca 15AC Sedan City of Yuma |
Attempted to persuade government officials to reopenYuma Army Air Field | [37] |
42:00:02:00 | March 15 to April 26, 1949 | Fullerton, California,US | Dick Riedel and Bill Barris | Aeronca 15AC Sedan Sunkist Lady |
[38] | |
30:06:00:00 | October 1–30, 1939 | Long Beach, California,US | Wes Carroll and Clyde Schlieper | Piper J-3 Cubfloatplane Spirit of Kay |
[39][40] | |
27:05:34:00 | June 4 to July 1, 1935 | Meridian, Mississippi,US | BrothersAl and Fred Key | Curtiss Robin Ole Miss |
Invented a spill-free mid-air refueling nozzle. Inaccessible recording altimeter verified duration. | [41] |
23:01:41:30 | June 11 and July 4, 1930 | Chicago, Illinois,US | Brothers John and Kenneth Hunter | Stinson SM-1 Detroiter The City of Chicago |
[42] | |
17:12:17:00 | July 13–30, 1929 | St. Louis, Missouri,US | Dale Jackson and Forest O'Brine | Curtiss Robin St. Louis |
[43] | |
10:06:43:32 | July 2–12, 1929 | Culver City, California,US | Loren W. Mendell and Roland B. Reinhart | Buhl CA-5A Airsedan Angeleno |
[44][45] | |
07:06:00:00 | June 30 to July 6, 1929 | Cleveland, Ohio,US | Roy Mitchell and Byron K. Newcomb | Stinson SM-1 Detroiter The City of Cleveland |
Not recognized as an official record by FAI because it did not exceed previous record by at least 1%. | [46] |
07:04:31:01 | May 19–26, 1929 | Ft. Worth, Texas,US | Reginald Robbins and James Kelly | Mahoney-Ryan B-1 Brougham Fort Worth |
[47] | |
06:15:40:00 | January 1–7, 1929 | Van Nuys Airport,California, US | Maj.Carl Spaatz,Capt. Ira Eaker, 1st Lt. Harry A. Halverson, 2nd Lt. Elwood Quesada, and Sgt. Roy W. Hooe | Atlantic-Fokker C2A Question Mark |
[48] | |
02:12:07:00 | June 1–4, 1928 | Tirlemont,Belgium | Louis Crooy and Sgt. Victor Groenen | de Havilland DH-9 | [49] | |
01:13:15:14 | August 27–28, 1923 | Rockwell Field,California, US | Capt. Lowell Smith and 1st Lt. John Paul Richter | de Havilland DH-4B | First refueled flight to surpass the non-refueled record | [50] |
Airline, scheduled[edit]
Not an FAI category. SeeLongest Flights
Duration (hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilots | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32:09:00 | June 29, 1943 – July 18, 1945[note 1] | Swan River,Nedlands, Western AustraliatoLake Koggala,Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) | several Qantas crews | QantasConsolidated PBY Catalina | Called "The Double Sunrise"(c.3500 mi.)
271 crossings |
[52][51][53] |
23:19:00 | October 1–2, 1957 | LondontoSan Francisco | 44 persons (12 crew, 32 passengers). Capt. Gordon Granger and co-pilot Herbert Ottewill[54] | TWALockheed ConstellationL-1649A, F/N 307 / N7307C | (c.5350 mi.) | [55] |
19:36:00 | October 21–22, 1936 | San FranciscotoPearl Harbor, Hawaii | Capt. Edwin Musick, FO Harold Gray, JO M.C. Weber, NAV Fred Noonan + 4 additional flightcrew.[56] | Pan AmMartin M-130 Flying Boat | (c. 2405 mi.) | [57][58][59] |
Airplane, uncrewed[edit]
FAI does not differentiate between non-refueled and solar aircraft. Class U: Experimental
Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss) |
Date | Location | Aircraft | Class |
---|---|---|---|---|
64:18:26:00 | 2022-08-19 | US, Arizona,Yuma | Airbus Zephyr8 (S) | non FAI sanctioned, solar power[60](broke up in flight) |
25:23:57:00 | 2018-08-05 | US, Arizona,Yuma | Airbus Zephyr8 | non FAI sanctioned, 75 kg, solar power[61] |
18:22:30:00 | 2021-09-13 | US, Arizona,Yuma | Airbus Zephyr8 | U-Absolute,[62]U-1 (Fixed wing), 25–100 kg, electric[63] |
14:00:22:00 | 2010-07-23 | US, Arizona,Yuma | QinetiQ Zephyr7 | U-Absolute,[64]U-1.c (50–500 kg), electric[65] |
08:00:50:00 | 2021-10-02 | US, California,Edwards | Vanilla Unmanned | U-1 (Fixed wing), 100–500 kg,ICand Jet[66] |
05:01:24:00 | 2017-10-23 | US, VirginiaWallops | Vanilla AircraftVA001 | non FAI sanctioned[67] |
03:16:18:00 | 2023-07-09 | US,Eastern Oregon Regional Airport | Kraus Hamdani Aerospace K1000ULE | non FAI sanctioned, Group-2 UAS, solar power[68] |
03:10:02:00 | 2014-12-08 | US, California,Ridgecrest | Aurora FS Orion | U-1.f (5-10 t),ICand Jet[69] |
03:09:24:00 | 2014-12-08 | Switzerland,Rafz | ETH ZurichAtlantikSolar | non FAI sanctioned, 6.8 kg, solar power[70] |
02:12:00:00 | 2019-12-11 | US, Utah,Dugway | USAFRLUltraLEAP | non FAI sanctioned[71] |
02:12:00:00 | 1988 | US | Boeing Condor | non FAI sanctioned, 9.2 t, piston engines[72] |
02:07:56:00 | 2016-12-02 | US, New Mexico,Las Cruces | Vanilla AircraftVA001 | U-1.c (50–500 kg),ICand Jet[73] |
02:06:27:00 | 2012-07-07 | Latvia,Jelgava | UAV FactoryPenguin B | non FAI sanctioned, 22.3 kg TOW,two-stroke[74] |
02:00:01:00 | 2013-04-18 | unknown | US NRL Ion Tiger UAV | non FAI sanctioned, hydrogen fuel cell[75] |
01:15:24:00 | 2001-03-21 | US, California,Edwards | Northrop Grumman RQ-4 | U-Absolute,[76]U-2.g (10-20 t),ICand Jet[77] |
01:06:17:00 | 2022-02-19 | unknown | Lockheed Martin Stalker | submitted to FAI, 5–25 kg,[78]Propane Fuel Cell |
01:02:01:00 | 2009-11-17 | US, MD,Aberdeen | US NRLIon Tiger UAV | non FAI sanctioned, 17 kg, hydrogen fuel cell[79][80] |
Helicopter[edit]
Crewed, non-refueled[edit]
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15:08:00 | April 6, 1966 | Culver City, California,US toOrmond Beach, Florida(2,213.04 mi) | Robert G. Ferry | Hughes YOH-6A | As a nonstop non-refueled trip this flight also holds the record for the longest distance flown in a helicopter without landing.FAIcategory: "Great circle distance, without landing". | [81] |
Uncrewed[edit]
Duration (hhh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32:08:00 | October 2017 | unknown | Uncrewed | Aerovel Flexrotor | [82][83] | |
22:29:38 | Aug 9–10, 2016 | unknown | Uncrewed | Latitude HQ-60 | [84] | |
18:41:28 | May 15, 2008 | Yuma Proving Ground,Arizona, US | Uncrewed | Boeing A160 Hummingbird | [85] |
Free balloon, crewed[edit]
Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19:21:47:00 | March 1–21, 1999 | Château-d'Œx,Switzerland; circumnavigation | Bertrand PiccardandBrian Jones | Breitling Orbiter 3 | [86] | |
14:19:50:00 | June 19 – July 3, 2002 | Northam, WA (Australia) circumnavigation | Steve Fossett | Cameron Balloons R-550 (N277SF) | Longest solo flight in any type of aircraft | [87] |
11:04:20:00 | July 12–23, 2016 | Northam, WA Australia; circumnavigation | Fedor Konyukhov | Cameron Balloons R-550 | Shortest time around the world | [88] |
03:10:05:00 | September 9–12, 1995 | Wil, Switzerland to Lucincik, Ukraine (1.395,4 km) | Johann Fuerstner and Gerald Stuerzlinger | D-OSTZGraf Zeppelin | 3rd place inGordon Bennett Gas Balloon Race | [89] |
Airship[edit]
Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11:00:12:00 | March 4 to March 15, 1957 | Naval Air Station South Weymouth,Massachusetts, US toNaval Air Station Key West,Florida, US | Cmdr. Jack. R. Hunt | "Snowbird"ZPG-2 | via Europe, Africa | [90] |
03:23:05:00 | November 21 to November 25, 1917 | Jambol,Bulgaria toJambol,Bulgaria | LtCdr. Ludwig Bockholt | L95 (LZ104) Type WZeppelin | originally destined for theMakonde Plateau,mission aborted at 16° 30′ N, 30° 0′ E, nearKhartoum,Sudan after areas fit for landing were captured by British forces | [91] |
02:23:00:00 | October 29 to November 1, 1928 | Lakehurst,New Jersey, US toFriedrichshafen,Germany | Hugo Eckener | LZ 127Graf Zeppelin | [92] |
Glider[edit]
Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Pilot | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
02:23:05:00 | July 28–30, 1961 | Honolulu, Hawaii, US | Geza Vass and Guy Davis | Pratt-Read LNE-1 | [93] | |
02:08:15:00 | April 2–4, 1952 | Romanin les Alpilles nearSaint-Rémy-de-Provence,France | Charles Atger | ArsenalAir 100 | [94] |
Space station, crewed[edit]
Duration that a specific person continuously occupies the spacecraft while in orbit.
See AlsoTimeline of longest spaceflights,List of spaceflight records
Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Astronaut | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
437:17:58:17 | January 8, 1994, to March 22, 1995 | Low Earth orbit;Baikonur Cosmodrometo nearArkalyk,Kazakhstan | Valeri Polyakov | Russian space stationMir | [95] |
Aerospacecraft, orbital, crewed[edit]
Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss) | Date | Location | Astronaut | Aircraft | Comments | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
17:15:53:17 | November 19 to December 7, 1996 | Low Earth orbit,Kennedy Space Center | Kenneth D. Cockrell,Kent V. Rominger,Tamara E. Jernigan,Thomas D. Jones,andF. Story Musgrave | Space ShuttleColumbia,STS-80 | [96] |
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Note The "Double Sunrise" route continued to be operated from July 18, 1945 until April 6, 1946 by Qantas Liberators (loaned from BOAC) and Qantas Avro Lancastrians, but with shorter flown distances (departing what is now PER, stopping for refuelling at the RAF base at Minneriya, and landing at what is now CMB) and shorter flight times (faster cruise speeds).[51]
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{{cite web}}
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