Flint mining
(Redirected fromFlint mine)
Flint miningis the process ofextractingflintfrom underground. Flint mines can be as simple as a pit on the surface or an area ofquarrying,or it may refer to a series ofshaftsandtunnelsused to extractflint.
Flint has been mined since thePalaeolithic,but was most common during theNeolithic.Flint was especially valued inprehistoryfor its use inweaponry.Although flint is not as valuable a resource in modern times, a few flint mines remain in operation even today (for example atMiorcani).[1]
List of flint mines
[edit]- Austria
- Mauer-Antonshöhe
- "Am Feuerstein" inKleinwalsertal(Vorarlberg)
- Belgium
- TheNeolithic flint mines of Spiennes
- Jandrain-Jandrenouille (Orp-Jauche)
- Denmark
- Hov (nearThisted)
- Egypt
- Taramsa (nearQena)[2]
- Nazlet Khater(Upper Egypt)
- France
- Germany
- Lengfeld (nearBad Abbach).
- Abensberg-ArnhofennearAbensberg
- Asch (nearBlaubeuren)
- Baiersdorf (nearEssing)
- Kleinkems inEfringen-Kirchen
- Lousberg inAachen
- Bottmersdorf
- Osterberg
- OnRügenisland there are the exposed flint fields between Mukran and Prora
- Schernfeld
- Great Britain[5]
- Beer(Devon)
- Blackpatch,West Sussex
- Grimes GravesnearBrandon,close to the border betweenNorfolkandSuffolk[6][7]
- Cissbury
- Church Hill, West Sussex
- Harrow Hill, West Sussex
- PenmaenmawrinConwy County Borough,Wales
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Pakistan
- Poland
- Krzemionki[9]
- Wierzbica "Zele"[10]
- Orońsko II[11][12]
- Skałecznica Duża
- Korycizna
- Sąspów
- Krunio
- Borownia
- Bębło
- Rybniki
- Romania
- Outside the village ofMiorcani,there is a modern flint mine
- Piatra Tomiinear the village of Răcătau
- Spain
- Casa Montero[13]
- Switzerland
- betweenOltenandWangen bei Olten
- LägernbetweenWettingenandRegensberg
- Löwenburg (Pleigne,Canton of Jura)
- USA
Further reading
[edit]The above-mentioned flint mining sites and others are mentioned in the following texts:
- Allard, Bostyn, Giligny, Lech (Editors) 2006[14]
- Aubry & Mangado 2006[15]
- Hunt Ortiz 1996[16]
- Matías Rodríguez, R. 2005[17]
- Weisgerber & Slotta 1999[18]
See also
[edit]- Stone Fields in the Schmale Heath and Extension- nature reserve
References
[edit]- ^Mindo S.A."Mindo S.A. Annual Report"(PDF).Retrieved14 May2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^Verri, G. (17 May 2004)."Flint mining in prehistory recorded by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.101(21): 7880–7884.Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.7880V.doi:10.1073/pnas.0402302101.PMC419525.PMID15148365.
- ^Bostyn, F. and Lanchon, Y. (eds.) (1992).Jablines. Le Haut Château (Seine-et-Marne). Une minière de silex au Néolithique.Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de L’Homme: Documents d’Archéologie Française, 35.
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Bostyn, F.; Lanchon, Y. (1997). "The Neolithic Flint Mine at Jablines, 'Le Haut Château' (Seine-et-Marne)". In A. Ramos-Millán; M.A. Bustillo (eds.).Siliceous rocks and culture.Granada: Universidad de Granada. pp. 271–291.ISBN9788433823908.
- ^Barber, M., Field, D. and Topping, P. (1999).The Neolithic Flint Mines of England.Swindon: English Heritage.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Holgate, R. (1995). "Neolithic flint mining in Britain".Archaeologia Polona.33:133–161.
- ^Topping, P. (1997).Structured deposition, symbolism, and the English flint mines. In R. Schild and Z. Sulgostowska (eds), Man and Flint. Proceedings of the VIIth International Flint Symposium. Warszawa-Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, Warszawa.Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. 127–131.
- ^"The Rohri Flint Quarries; Bibliography".Archived fromthe originalon 6 January 2013.Retrieved14 May2012.
- ^Migal, W.; Salacinski, S. (1997).Studies at Krzemionki during the last decade. In R. Schild and Z. Sulgostowska, Man and Flint. Proceedings of the VIIth International Flint Symposium. Warszawa-Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski.Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology. Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. 103–108.
- ^Lech, H.; Lech, J. (1984). "The Prehistoric Flint Mine at Wierzbica 'Zele': A Case Study from Poland".World Archaeology.16(2): 186–203.doi:10.1080/00438243.1984.9979927.
- ^Osipowicz, G., Kerneder-Gubała, K., Bosiak, M., Makowiecki, D., Orłowska, J. (April 2019). "The oldest osseous mining tools in Europe? New discoveries from the chocolate flint mine in Orońsko, site 2 (southern Poland)".Quaternary International.512:82–98.doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.02.005.ISSN1040-6182.
- ^Kerneder-Gubała, K., Buławka, N., Buławka, S., Szubski, M. (2017). "GIS w badaniach powierzchniowych stanowisk górniczych na przykładzie kopalni krzemienia czekoladowego w Orońsku (gm. Orońsko, pow. Szydłowiecki, woj. Mazowieckie)".Archeologia Polski.LXII:7–37.
- ^http:// casamontero.org/.
{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^Allard P.; et al. (2008).Flint mining in prehistoric Europe: interpreting the archaeological records: European Association of Archaeologists, 12th annual meeting, Cracow, Poland, 19th-24th September 2006.Oxford: Archaeopress.ISBN9781407303710.
- ^Aubry, Thierry; Mangado Llach, Javier (2006).The Côa valley (Portugal): lithic raw material characterisation and the reconstruction of Upper Palaeolithic settlement patterns.In: Notions de territoire et de mobilité: exemples de l'Europe et des premières nations en Amérique du Nord avant le contact européen: actes des sessions présentées au Xe congrès annuel de l'Association européenne des Archéologues (EAA), Lyon, 8–11 sept. pp. 41–49.
- ^Hunt Ortiz, M.A. (1996).La explotación de los recursos minerales en Europa y la Península Ibérica durante la prehistoria.Universidad de Valladolid.
- ^Matías Rodríguez, R. (2005). "Origen de la minería".Cimbra.362.
- ^Weisgerber G, Slotta R (1999).5000 Jahre Feuersteinbergbau: die Suche nach dem Stahl der Steinzeit; Ausstellung im Deutschen Bergbau-Museum Bochum vom 24. Oktober 1980 bis 31. Januar 1981(3., verb., erw. u. aktualisierte Aufl. ed.). Bochum: Deutsches Bergbau-Museum.ISBN9783921533666.