Floruit
Floruit(/ˈflɔːrju.ɪt/;abbreviatedfl.or occasionallyflor.;fromLatinfor "flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active.[1][2]In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as anounindicating the time when someone flourished.[1]
Etymology and use[edit]
Latin:flōruitis the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verbflōreō,flōrēre"to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the nounflōs,flōris,"flower".[3][2]
Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used ingenealogyand historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive.[4]For example, if there arewillsattestedby John Jones in 1204 and 1229, as well as a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)", even though Jones was born before 1197 and died possibly after 1229.
The term is often used inart historywhen dating the career of an artist. In this context, it denotes the period of the individual's known artistic activity,[5]which would generally be after they had received their training and, for example, had begun signing work or being mentioned in contracts.
In some cases, it can be replaced by the words "active between[date]and[date]",depending on context and if space or style permits.
See also[edit]
- Reign(r., Latinrexit)
- Tempore(temp.)
- Family tree
References[edit]
- ^ab"floruit".LexicoUK English Dictionary.Oxford University Press.Archived fromthe originalon 2021-01-29.
- ^ab"floruit".The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(5th ed.). HarperCollins.Retrieved2017-11-26.
- ^Cassell's Latin Dictionary
- ^Adeleye, Gabriel;Kofi Acquah-Dadzie;Thomas J. Sienkewicz; James T. McDonough (1999).World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: a Resource for Readers and Writers.Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p.147.ISBN0-86516-423-1.Retrieved1 June2010.
fata morgana Morgan.
- ^Johnson, W. McAllister (1990),Art History: Its Use and Abuse,University of Toronto Press, p. 307,ISBN0-86516-423-1,retrieved1 June2010