Four Freedoms

TheFour Freedomswere goals articulated byU.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelton Monday, January 6, 1941. In an address known as theFour Freedoms speech(technically the1941 State of the Union address), he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy:

Roosevelt delivered his speech 11 months before the surprise Japanese attack onPearl Harbor,which caused the United States to declare war on Japan on December 8, 1941. TheState of the Unionspeech before Congress was largely about thenational security of the United Statesand the threat to other democracies fromworld war.In the speech, he made a break with the long-held tradition ofUnited States non-interventionism.He outlined the U.S. role in helping allies already engaged in warfare, especially Great Britain and China.

In that context, he summarized the values of democracy behind the bipartisan consensus on international involvement that existed at the time. A famous quote from the speech prefaces those values: "As men do not live by bread alone, they do not fight by armaments alone." In the second half of the speech, he lists the benefits of democracy, which include economic opportunity, employment, social security, and the promise of "adequate health care". The first two freedoms, of speech andreligion,are protected by theFirst Amendmentin theUnited States Constitution.His inclusion of the latter two freedoms went beyond the traditional Constitutional values protected by theU.S. Bill of Rights.Roosevelt endorsed a broader humanrighttoeconomic securityand anticipated what would become known decades later as the "human security"paradigmin studies ofeconomic development.He also included the "freedom from fear"against national aggression and took it to the newUnited Nationshe was setting up.

Historical context

In the 1930s many Americans, arguing that the involvement in World War I had been a mistake, were adamantly against continued intervention in European affairs.^[1]With the Neutrality Acts established after 1935, U.S. law banned the sale of armaments to countries that were at war and placed restrictions on travel with belligerent vessels.^[2]

WhenWorld War IIbegan in September 1939, the neutrality laws were still in effect and ensured that no substantial support could be given to Britain and France. With the revision of the Neutrality Act in 1939, Roosevelt adopted a "methods-short-of-war policy" whereby supplies and armaments could be given to European Allies, provided no declaration of war could be made and no troops committed.^[3]By December 1940, Europe was largely at the mercy ofAdolf Hitlerand Germany'sNazi regime.With Germany's defeat of France in June 1940, Britain and its overseas Empire stood alone against the military alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan. Winston Churchill, as Prime Minister of Britain, called for Roosevelt and the United States to supply them with armaments in order to continue with the war effort.^{[citation needed]}

The1939 New York World's Fairhad celebrated Four Freedoms – religion, speech, press, and assembly – and commissionedLeo Friedlanderto create sculptures representing them.Mayor of New York City Fiorello La Guardiadescribed the resulting statues as the "heart of the fair". Later Roosevelt would declare his own "Four Essential Freedoms" and call onWalter Russellto create aFour Freedoms Monumentthat was eventually dedicated atMadison Square Gardenin New York City.^[4]

They also appeared on the reverse of theAM-lira,the Allied Military Currency note issue that was issued in Italy during WWII, by the Americans, that was in effect occupation currency, guaranteed by the American dollar.

Declarations

State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (January 6, 1941)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt's January 6, 1941State of the Union addressintroducing the theme of the Four Freedoms (starting at 32:02)

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The Four Freedoms Speech was given on January 6, 1941. Roosevelt's hope was to provide a rationale for why the United States should abandon the isolationist policies that emerged from World War I. In the address, Roosevelt critiqued Isolationism, saying: "No realistic American can expect from a dictator's peace international generosity, or return of true independence, or world disarmament, or freedom of expression, or freedom of religion–or even good business. Such a peace would bring no security for us or for our neighbors. 'Those, who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.'"^[5]

The speech coincided with the introduction of the Lend-Lease Act, which promoted Roosevelt's plan to become the "arsenal of democracy"^[6]and support the Allies (mainly the British) with much-needed supplies.^[7]Furthermore, the speech established what would become the ideological basis for America's involvement in World War II, all framed in terms of individual rights and liberties that are the hallmark of American politics.^[1]

The speech delivered by President Roosevelt incorporated the following text, known as the "Four Freedoms":^[5]

In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
The first is freedom of speech, and expression—everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world.
The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world.
That is no vision of a distant millennium.
It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation.
That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.

— Franklin D. Roosevelt, excerpted from the State of the Union Address to the Congress, January 6, 1941^[8]

Later in the same speech the president went on to specify six basic goals:^[9]

Equality of opportunity for youth and for others.
Jobs for those who can work.
Security for those who need it.
The ending of special privilege for the few.
The preservation of civil liberties for all.
The enjoyment of the fruits of scientific progress in a wider and constantly rising standard of living.

Justification for war

The declaration of the Four Freedoms as a justification for war would resonate through the remainder of the war, and for decades longer as a frame of remembrance.^[1]The Freedoms became the staple of America's war aims and the center of all attempts to rally public support for the war. With the creation of the Office of War Information (1942), as well as thefamous paintingsbyNorman Rockwell,the Freedoms were advertised as values central to American life and examples of American exceptionalism.^[10]

Opposition

The Four Freedoms Speech was popular, and the goals were influential in postwar politics. However, in 1941 the speech received heavy criticism from anti-war elements.^[11]Critics argued that the Four Freedoms were simply a charter for Roosevelt'sNew Deal,social reforms that had already created sharp divisions within Congress. Conservatives who opposed social programs and increased government intervention argued against Roosevelt's attempt to justify and depict the war as necessary for the defense of lofty goals.^[12]

While the Freedoms did become a forceful aspect of American thought on the war, they were never the exclusive justification for the war. Polls and surveys conducted by theUnited States Office of War Information(OWI) revealed that self-defense and vengeance for theattack on Pearl Harborwere still the most prevalent reasons for war.^[13]

United Nations

The concept of the Four Freedoms became part of the personal mission undertaken byformer First Lady Eleanor Rooseveltin 1948. She helped inspire theUnited Nations Declaration of Human Rights,General Assembly Resolution 217A. Indeed, these Four Freedoms were explicitly incorporated into the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which reads: "Whereasdisregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy the freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed the highest aspiration of the common people. "^[14]

Disarmament

FDR called for "a world-wide reduction of armaments" as a goal for "the future days, which we seek to make secure" but one that was "attainable in our own time and generation." More immediately, though, he called for a massive build-up of U.S. arms production:

Every realist knows that the democratic way of life is at this moment being directly assailed in every part of the world... The need of the moment is that our actions and our policy should be devoted primarily—almost exclusively—to meeting this foreign peril.... [T]he immediate need is a swift and driving increase in our armament production.... I also ask this Congress for authority and for funds sufficient to manufacture additional munitions and war supplies of many kinds, to be turned over to those nations which are now in actual war with aggressor nations.
— Franklin D. Roosevelt^[15]

Violation

In a 1942 radio address, President Roosevelt declared the Four Freedoms embodied "rights of men of every creed and every race, wherever they live."^[16]On February 19, 1942, he authorizedJapanese American internmentwithExecutive Order 9066.It allowed local military commanders to designate "military areas" as "exclusion zones", from which "any or all persons may be excluded". This power was used to declare that all people of Japanese ancestry were excluded from the entire Pacific coast, including all of California and much of Oregon, Washington, and Arizona, except for those in internment camps.^[17]By 1946, the United States had incarcerated 120,000 individuals of Japanese descent, of whom about 80,000 had been born in the United States.^[18]

Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park

TheFranklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Parkis a park designed by the architectLouis Kahnfor the south point ofRoosevelt Island.^[19]The park celebrates the famous speech, and text from the speech is inscribed on a granite wall in the final design of the park.

Awards

TheRoosevelt Institute^[20]honors outstanding individuals who have demonstrated a lifelong commitment to these ideals. TheFour Freedoms Awardmedals are awarded at ceremonies atHyde Park, New YorkandMiddelburg,Netherlandsduring alternate years. The awards were first presented in 1982 on the centenary of President Roosevelt's birth as well as the bicentenary of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Netherlands.

Among the laureates have been:

In popular culture

John Crowley's novelFour Freedoms(2009) is largely based on the themes of Roosevelt's speech.
FDR commissioned sculptorWalter Russellto design a monument to be dedicated to the first hero of the war. TheFour Freedoms Monumentwas created in 1941 and dedicated atMadison Square Garden,in New York City, in 1943.
ArtistKindred McLearypaintedAmerica the Mighty(1941), also known asDefense of Human Freedoms,in the State Department'sHarry S. Truman Building.^[21]
ArtistHugo BallinpaintedThe Four Freedomsmural (1942) in the Council Chamber of the City Hall ofBurbank, California.^[22]
New Jersey muralistMichael Lenson(1903–1972) paintedThe Four Freedomsmural (1943) for the Fourteenth Street School inNewark, New Jersey.^[23]
MuralistAnton Refregierpainted theHistory of San Franciscomurals (completed 1948) in theRincon CenterinSan Francisco,California; panel 27 depicts the four freedoms.^[24]
ArtistMildred Nungester Wolfepainted a four-panelFour Freedomsmural (complete 1959) depicting the four freedoms for a country store inRichton, Mississippi.Those panels now hang in theMississippi Museum of Art.^[25]
Allyn Coxpainted fourFour Freedomsmurals (completed 1982) that hang in the Great Experiment Hall in theUnited States House of Representatives;each of the four panels depicts allegorical figures representing the four freedoms.^[26]
Since 1986, the fictionalFour Freedoms Plazahas served as the headquarters forMarvel Comicssuperhero teamFantastic Four.^[27]
In the early 1990s, artist David McDonald reproduced Rockwell'sFour Freedomspaintings as four large murals on the side of an old grocery building in downtownSilverton, Oregon.^[28]
In 2008,Florida International University'sWolfsonianmuseum hosted theThoughts on Democracyexhibition that displayed posters created by 60 leading contemporary artists and designers, invited to create a new graphic design inspired by American illustrator Norman Rockwell'sFour Freedomsposters.^[29]
Four Freedoms is the adopted title of abottom-shelf bourbon whiskeybrand.^[30]

Norman Rockwell's paintings

Roosevelt's speech inspired a set of four paintings byNorman Rockwell.

Paintings

The members of the set, known collectively asThe Four Freedoms,were published in four consecutive issues ofThe Saturday Evening Post.^[31]The four paintings subsequently were displayed around the US by theUnited States Department of the Treasury.

Freedom of Speech(Saturday, February 20, 1943) – from theFour Freedomsseries byNorman Rockwell
Freedom of Worship(Saturday, February 27, 1943) – from theFour Freedomsseries by Norman Rockwell
Freedom from Want(Saturday, March 6, 1943) – from theFour Freedomsseries by Norman Rockwell
Freedom from Fear(Saturday, March 13, 1943) – from theFour Freedomsseries by Norman Rockwell

Essays

Each painting was published with a matchingessayon that particular "Freedom":^[32]

Freedom of Speech,byBooth Tarkington(February 20, 1943).^[33]
Freedom of Worship,byWill Durant(February 27, 1943).^[34]
Freedom from Want,byCarlos Bulosan(March 6, 1943).^[35]
Freedom from Fear,byStephen Vincent Benét(March 13, 1943; the date of Benét's death).^[36]

Postage stamps

Rockwell'sFour Freedomspaintings were reproduced aspostage stampsby theUnited States Post Officein 1943,^[37]in 1946,^[38]and in 1994,^[39]the centenary of Rockwell's birth.

Notes

^^a ^b ^cBodnar, John, The "Good War" in American Memory (Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), 11.
^Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 393–94.
^Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945 (1999) 427–434.
^Inazu, John D. (2012).Liberty's Refuge: The Forgotten Freedom of Assembly.Yale University Press.ISBN 978-0300173154.
^^a ^b"FDR," The Four Freedoms, "Speech Text |".Voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu. January 6, 1941.RetrievedAugust 14,2014.
^The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt (New York: Random House and Harper and Brothers, 1940) 633–44.
^,Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 469.
^Seeonline copy from the University of California at Santa Barbara
^Engel, p. 7.
^Bodnar, John,The "Good War" in American Memory(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) 12.
^David M. Kennedy,Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 470–76
^John Bodnar,The "Good War" in American Memory(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), 14–15.
^Bodnar,The "Good War" in American Memoryp. 14.
^White, E.B.; Lerner, Max; Cowley, Malcolm; Niebuhr, Reinhold (1942).The United Nations Fight for the Four Freedoms.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.ASIN B003HKRK80.
^Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1941).Four Freedoms speech– viaWikisource.
^Eric Foner,The Story of American Freedom(New York: W.W. Norton, 1998) p. 223.
^Korematsu v. the United Statesdissent by JusticeOwen Josephus Roberts,reproduced at findlaw. Retrieved September 12, 2006.
^Park, Yoosun, Facilitating Injustice: Tracing the Role of Social Workers in the World War II Internment of Japanese Americans. (Social Service Review 82.3, 2008) 448.
^"About the Park".Four Freedoms Park Conservancy. Archived fromthe originalon July 27, 2014.RetrievedJuly 23,2014.
^Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute,Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute
^Vo, Tuan (October 2010)."Forgotten Treasure".State Magazine.pp. 20–23. Archived fromthe originalon March 4, 2016.RetrievedJune 1,2014.
^"City Council Chamber & Murals".Archived fromthe originalon October 29, 2019.RetrievedJune 1,2014.
^"Official Website of Michael Lenson – WPA Muralist and Realist Painter".RetrievedJune 1,2014.
^"War and Peace (1948)".SF Mural Arts.RetrievedJune 1,2014.
^Lucas, Sherry (May 21, 2014)."Richton mural donated to Miss. Museum of Art".Hattiesburg American.RetrievedJune 1,2014.
^"The American Story in Art: The Murals of Allyn Cox in the U.S. Capitol".The United States Capitol Historical Society.RetrievedJune 1,2014.
^Stern, Roger(w),Buscema, John(p),Buscema, Sal(i),Oliver, Glynis(col),Workman, John(let), Daley, Don (ed). "The Best Man"Fantastic Four,vol. 1, no. 299, p. 10/1 (February 1987).New York, NY:Marvel Comics.
^"Silverton Mural Society".
^"Thoughts on Democracy".Wolfsonian FIU.2008. Archived fromthe originalon March 5, 2016.RetrievedMay 29,2015.
^"Four Freedoms Whiskey".GoToLiquorStore.RetrievedApril 3,2024.
^On February 20, 1943; February 27, 1943; March 6, 1943; and March 13, 1943.
^Perry, P. (2009a),"Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms",The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009; Perry, P. (2009b)."Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms",The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009.
^"Booth Tarkington's 'Freedom of Speech',The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009 ".December 21, 2017.
^"Will Durant's 'Freedom of Worship',The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009 ".December 21, 2017.
^"Carlos Bulosan's 'Freedom from Want',The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009 ".December 21, 2017.
^"Stephen Vincent Benét's 'Freedom from Fear',The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009 ".December 21, 2017.
^"Scott Catalog souvenir sheet of four stamps".
^"Scott Catalog souvenir sheet of four stamps".
^"Scott Catalog souvenir sheet of four stamps".Archived fromthe originalon July 23, 2011.RetrievedNovember 23,2010.

External links

Library resourcesabout
Four Freedoms

"Four Freedoms"Lesson plan for grades 9–12 from National Endowment for the Humanities
As a delivered text, enhanced audio, video excerptat AmericanRhetoric.
Text and audio.
"FDR4Freedoms Digital Resource"The digital education resource of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park
"Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park"
1941 Four Freedoms Speech (via YouTube)

Preceded by 1940 State of the Union Address	Four Freedoms 1941	Succeeded by 1942 State of the Union Address

[Bodnar,_John_2010-1] Bodnar, John, The "Good War" in American Memory (Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), 11.

[2] Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 393–94.

[3] Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945 (1999) 427–434.

[4] Inazu, John D. (2012).Liberty's Refuge: The Forgotten Freedom of Assembly.Yale University Press.ISBN 978-0300173154.

[speech-5] "FDR," The Four Freedoms, "Speech Text |".Voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu. January 6, 1941.RetrievedAugust 14,2014.

[6] The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt (New York: Random House and Harper and Brothers, 1940) 633–44.

[7] ,Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 469.

[8] Seeonline copy from the University of California at Santa Barbara

[9] Engel, p. 7.

[10] Bodnar, John,The "Good War" in American Memory(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) 12.

[11] David M. Kennedy,Freedom From Fear: the American people in depression and war, 1929–1945(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 470–76

[12] John Bodnar,The "Good War" in American Memory(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), 14–15.

[13] Bodnar,The "Good War" in American Memoryp. 14.

[14] White, E.B.; Lerner, Max; Cowley, Malcolm; Niebuhr, Reinhold (1942).The United Nations Fight for the Four Freedoms.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.ASIN B003HKRK80.

[15] Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1941).Four Freedoms speech– viaWikisource.

[16] Eric Foner,The Story of American Freedom(New York: W.W. Norton, 1998) p. 223.

[korematsu_roberts-17] Korematsu v. the United Statesdissent by JusticeOwen Josephus Roberts,reproduced at findlaw. Retrieved September 12, 2006.

[18] Park, Yoosun, Facilitating Injustice: Tracing the Role of Social Workers in the World War II Internment of Japanese Americans. (Social Service Review 82.3, 2008) 448.

[19] "About the Park".Four Freedoms Park Conservancy. Archived fromthe originalon July 27, 2014.RetrievedJuly 23,2014.

[Institute-20] Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute,Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute

[21] Vo, Tuan (October 2010)."Forgotten Treasure".State Magazine.pp. 20–23. Archived fromthe originalon March 4, 2016.RetrievedJune 1,2014.

[22] "City Council Chamber & Murals".Archived fromthe originalon October 29, 2019.RetrievedJune 1,2014.

[Lenson-23] "Official Website of Michael Lenson – WPA Muralist and Realist Painter".RetrievedJune 1,2014.

[24] "War and Peace (1948)".SF Mural Arts.RetrievedJune 1,2014.

[25] Lucas, Sherry (May 21, 2014)."Richton mural donated to Miss. Museum of Art".Hattiesburg American.RetrievedJune 1,2014.

[26] "The American Story in Art: The Murals of Allyn Cox in the U.S. Capitol".The United States Capitol Historical Society.RetrievedJune 1,2014.

[27] Stern, Roger(w),Buscema, John(p),Buscema, Sal(i),Oliver, Glynis(col),Workman, John(let), Daley, Don (ed). "The Best Man"Fantastic Four,vol. 1, no. 299, p. 10/1 (February 1987).New York, NY:Marvel Comics.

[Silverton-28] "Silverton Mural Society".

[29] "Thoughts on Democracy".Wolfsonian FIU.2008. Archived fromthe originalon March 5, 2016.RetrievedMay 29,2015.

[30] "Four Freedoms Whiskey".GoToLiquorStore.RetrievedApril 3,2024.

[31] On February 20, 1943; February 27, 1943; March 6, 1943; and March 13, 1943.

[32] Perry, P. (2009a),"Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms",The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009; Perry, P. (2009b)."Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms",The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009.

[33] "Booth Tarkington's 'Freedom of Speech',The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009 ".December 21, 2017.

[34] "Will Durant's 'Freedom of Worship',The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009 ".December 21, 2017.

[35] "Carlos Bulosan's 'Freedom from Want',The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009 ".December 21, 2017.

[36] "Stephen Vincent Benét's 'Freedom from Fear',The Saturday Evening Post,January/February 2009 ".December 21, 2017.

[Scott_908-37] "Scott Catalog souvenir sheet of four stamps".

[Scott_933-38] "Scott Catalog souvenir sheet of four stamps".

[Scott_2840-39] "Scott Catalog souvenir sheet of four stamps".Archived fromthe originalon July 23, 2011.RetrievedNovember 23,2010.

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v t e Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd President of the United States(1933–1945) 44th Governor of New York(1929–1932) Assistant Secretary of the Navy(1913–1920) New York State Senator(1911–1913)
Presidency (timeline)	Transition Inaugurations (1st 2nd 3rd 4th) First and second terms Third and fourth terms Foreign policy New Deal overview New Deal coalition First 100 days Second New Deal Federal Emergency Relief Administration Civilian Conservation Corps Agricultural Adjustment Act Emergency Banking Act Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Tennessee Valley Authority National Labor Relations Act of 1935 National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 Public Works Administration National Recovery Administration Works Progress Administration National Youth Administration Social Security Act Aid to Families with Dependent Children Communications Act of 1934 Federal Communications Commission Securities and Exchange Commission Monetary gold ownership Gold Reserve Act Silver seizure Record on civil rights Defense industry non-discrimination Fair Employment Practice Committee Indian Reorganization Act Executive Orders 9066,9102 War Relocation Authority Japanese American internment German-American internment Italian-American internment Brownlow Committee Executive Office of the President G.I. Bill of Rights Cullen–Harrison Act Roerich Pact Four Freedoms Four Freedoms Monument Black Cabinet Jefferson's Birthday holiday Jefferson Memorial Judicial Court-Packing Bill Cannabis policy Federal Judicial appointments Supreme Court Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nomination Wiley Rutledge Supreme Court nomination Cabinet "Brain Trust" March of Dimes Modern Oval Office Official car Criticism Executive Orders Presidential Proclamations
Presidential foreign policy	Banana Wars U.S. occupation of Nicaragua, 1912–1933 U.S. occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934 Good Neighbor Policy (1933–1945) Montevideo Convention (1933) Second London Naval Treaty (1936) ABCD line (1940) Export Control Act Four Policemen Destroyers-for-bases deal Lend-Lease 1940 Selective Service Act Hull note Atlantic Charter (1941) Military history of the United States during World War II Home front during World War II Combined Munitions Assignments Board War Production Board Declaration by United Nations (1942) Dumbarton Oaks Conference World War II conferences Quebec Agreement Europe first Morgenthau Plan support
Presidential speeches	1932 Acceptance speech Commonwealth Club Address Madison Square Garden speech "Four Freedoms" Day of Infamy speech Arsenal of Democracy "...is fear itself" Fireside chats "Look to Norway" Quarantine Speech "The More Abundant Life" State of the Union Address (1934 1938 1939 1940 1941 (Four Freedoms) 1944 (Second Bill of Rights) 1945)
Other events	Early life, education, career Warm Springs Institute Governorship of New York Business Plot Assassination attempt
Elections	1928 New York state election 1930 Democratic National Convention, 1920 1924 1932 1936 1940 1944 1920 United States presidential election 1932 theme song 1936 1940 1944
Life and homes	Early life and education Groton School Springwood birthplace, home, and gravesite Adams House FDR Suite Campobello home Paralytic illness Top Cottage Little White House, Warm Springs, Georgia
Legacy	Bibliography Statues Presidential Library and Museum Roosevelt Institute Roosevelt Institute Campus Network Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Roosevelt Island Four Freedoms Park White House Roosevelt Room Roosevelt Institute for American Studies USSFranklin D. Roosevelt USSRoosevelt Four Freedoms Award Four Freedomspaintings Unfinished portrait U.S. Postage stamps Roosevelt dime I'd Rather Be Right1937 musical Films The Roosevelt Story1947 Sunrise at Campobello1960 Eleanor and Franklin1976,The White House Years1977 Backstairs at the White House1979 miniseries World War II: When Lions Roared1997 miniseries Warm Springs2005 Hyde Park on Hudson2012 The Roosevelts2014 documentary The First Lady2022 miniseries FDR2023 miniseries Other namesakes
Family (Roosevelt •Delano)	Eleanor Roosevelt(wife) Anna Roosevelt Halsted(daughter) James Roosevelt II(son) Elliott Roosevelt(son) Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.(son) John Aspinwall Roosevelt II(son) James Roosevelt I(father) Sara Ann Delano(mother) James Roosevelt Roosevelt(half-brother) Isaac Roosevelt(grandfather) Warren Delano Jr.(grandfather) Fala(family dog) Major(family dog)
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