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Frederick Charles Frank

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Frederick Charles Frank
Born(1911-03-06)6 March 1911
Durban,South Africa
Died5 April 1998(1998-04-05)(aged 87)
Bristol,England
Alma materLincoln College, Oxford(B.A., 1932; B.Sc., 1933; Ph.D, 1937)
Known forCyclol hypothesis
Disclination
Muon-catalyzed fusion
Screw disclocation
Burton–Cabrera–Frank model
Frank partial dislocations
Frank's constant
Frank free energy
Frank–Kasper phases
Frank–Read source
Frank–Van der Merwe growth
AwardsCopley Medal(1994)
Guthrie Medal(1982)
Gregori Aminoff Prize(1981)
Bakerian Medal(1973)
Griffith Medal(1967)
Holweck Medal(1963)
Scientific career
FieldsTheoretical physics
InstitutionsUniversity of Bristol

Sir Frederick Charles Frank,OBE,FRS[1](6 March 1911 – 5 April 1998) was a British theoreticalphysicist.[2]He is best known for his work on crystaldislocations,including (with Thornton Read) the idea of theFrank–Read sourceof dislocations. He also proposed thecyclolreaction in the mid-1930s,[3]and made many other contributions tosolid-state physics,geophysics,and the theory ofliquid crystals.

Early life and education[edit]

He was born in Durban, South Africa, although his parents returned to England soon afterwards. He was educated atThetford Grammar SchoolandIpswich Schooland went on to study chemistry atLincoln College, Oxford,gaining a doctorate at the university'sEngineering Laboratory.

Career[edit]

Prior to World War II, he worked as a physicist in Berlin and as a colloid chemist in Cambridge. During World War II he joined the Chemical Defence Experimental Station atPorton Down,Wiltshire, but in 1940 was transferred to the Air Ministry's Assistant Directorate of Intelligence (Science) and spent the rest of the war with the Air Ministry. Due to his work he was made Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1946.[4]

After the war he moved to theUniversity of BristolPhysics Department to do research in solid state physics, but switched to research on crystaldislocation.His work with William Keith Burton andNicolás Cabrerawas to demonstrate the role dislocations played in the growth of crystals.[5]

Apart from crystal defects, his wide-ranging research interests at Bristol included the mechanical properties of polymers, the theory of liquid crystals, the mechanics of the interior of the Earth, and the origin of biologicalhomochirality.[6]

He was appointed Reader in 1951, Melville Wills Professor in 1954 and Henry Overton Wills Professor and Director of the H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory in 1969. He retired in 1976 but remained active in attending conferences, writing papers and corresponding with colleagues well into the 1990s.[7]He edited the Farm Hall Transcripts fromOperation Epsilonwell into his eighties.[8]

Honours and awards[edit]

Frank was electedFellow of the Royal Societyin 1954,[1]delivering theBakerian Lecturein 1973. He was knighted in 1977. He was also awarded honorary degrees by seven universities.[2]

In 1963 he won theFernand Holweck Medal and Prize.

In 1967 he was awarded theA. A. Griffith Medal and Prize.[9]He was also a member of the Materials Science Club Awards Sub-Committee which selected the Griffith medallist for 1972 (L. R. G. Treloar).

In 1994 he was awarded the Royal Society'sCopley Medal,its highest honour,"in recognition of his fundamental contribution to the theory of crystal morphology, in particular to the source of dislocations and their consequences in interfaces and crystal growth; to fundamental understanding of liquid crystals and the concept of disclination; and to the extension of crystallinity concepts to aperiodic crystals."

Personal life[edit]

He married Maita Asche in 1940.[7]

References[edit]

  1. ^abNabarro, F. R. N.;Nye, J. F.(2000). "Sir (Frederick) Charles Frank, O.B.E. 6 March 1911 – 5 April 1998: Elected F.R.S. 1954".Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.46:177.doi:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0079.S2CID71313452.
  2. ^ab"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/68884.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
  3. ^Frank, F. C.(1936)."Energy of Formation of 'Cyclol' Molecules".Nature.138(3484): 242.Bibcode:1936Natur.138..242F.doi:10.1038/138242a0.S2CID4065283.
  4. ^Kleman, Maurice(1998). "Obituary Sir Frederick Charles Frank, OBE (1911–1998)".Liquid Crystals.25:5(5): 543–544.doi:10.1080/026782998205804.
  5. ^Crystal Mysteries Spiral Deeper, Chemists Find11/12/2013,nyu.edu,accessed 1 February 2021"Dislocations were first posed by William Keith Burton, Nicolás Cabrera, and Sir Frederick Charles Frank in the late 1940s as essential for crystal growth."
  6. ^Frank, F.C. (1953). "On spontaneous asymmetric synthesis".Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.11(4). Elsevier: 459–463.doi:10.1016/0006-3002(53)90082-1.PMID13105666.
  7. ^abChambers, Bob (12 April 1998)."Obituary: Sir Charles Frank".The Independent.Retrieved17 April2016.
  8. ^Frank, Charles (1993).Operation Epsilon: The Farm Hall Transcripts.University of California Press. p. 313.ISBN9780520084995.
  9. ^The National Archives– MATERIALS SCIENCE CLUB NCUACS 15.8.89/F.186, F.1871967, 1971–73(Section F Societies and Organisations NCUACS 15.8.89/F.1861967–1971) –Contents:Brief correspondence, programme of 1967 AGM and Conference on Materials in Archaeology, Banbury, 22–23 September. Frank was awarded the Club's A. A. Griffith Medal. With a copy of Frank's speech. Brief correspondence and papers, March 1972. Frank was a member of the Awards Sub-Committee which selected the Griffith medallist for 1972. Correspondence, programme of 10th Anniversary meeting, Great Malvern, 24–26 October 1973.

External links

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