Freewinds

Freewinds

Freewindsberthed atAruba
History
Name	1968–1985:Bohème 1985–onwards:Freewinds
Owner	1968–1981:Wallenius Bremen 1981–1985:Hanseatic Caribbean Shipping Co 1985 onwards:San Donato Properties Corporation
Operator	1968–1982:Commodore Cruise Line 1982–1983:Saitecin Cruises 1984: Commodore Cruise Line 1984–1985:SeaEscape 1985: Commodore Cruise Line 1985-present:Majestic Cruise Lines
Port of registry	1968–1981:Bremen,West Germany 1981–onwards:Panama City,Panama
Builder	WärtsiläTurku Shipyard,Turku,Finland
Yard number	1161
Launched	12 February 1968
Acquired	12 November 1968
Maiden voyage	November 1968
In service	7 December 1968
Identification	IMO number:6810811 Call sign:H9CK MMSI number:354993000
Status	Active
General characteristics (as built)
Class and type	Finnhansaclass passenger ship
Tonnage	10,328GRT 7,500DWT
Length	134.16 m (440 ft 2 in)
Beam	21.04 m (69 ft 0 in)
Draught	5.50 m (18 ft 1 in)
Installed power	2 ×Wärtsilä-Sulzer2SA 8RD56 diesels combined 10444 kW (14.000BHP)
Propulsion	Two propellers
Speed	20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Capacity	540 passengers
General characteristics (asFreewinds)
Tonnage	9,780GT
Length	134.32 m (440 ft 8 in)
Beam	21.04 m (69 ft 0 in)
Draught	5.748 m (18 ft 10.3 in)
Depth	7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
Ice class	1A
Capacity	360 passengers

MVFreewindsis a formercruise shipoperated byInternational Shipping Partnersand owned by San Donato Properties, a company affiliated with theChurch of Scientology.She was built in 1968 byWärtsiläTurku ShipyardinTurku,Finland,forWallenius LinesasMSBohèmefor service withCommodore Cruise Line.She was the first cruise ship built in Finland. Her ownership passed to a Church of Scientology-controlled company in 1985.

Concept and construction

The ship that eventually became known as theFreewindswas originally ordered by the Sweden-basedLion Ferryas the second in a pair of twocar/passengerferriesfor use on their newBremerhaven(West Germany)–Harwich(United Kingdom) service, with provisions made for cruise service during thenorthern hemispherewinter season. The ships shared the same design asFinnhansaandFinnpartner,that were under construction forFinnlinesatWärtsiläHelsinki Shipyardat the time.The ships ordered by Lion Ferry were built at Wärtsilä'sTurku Shipyard,and the first of them,Prins Hamlet,was delivered to her owners on 14 May 1966.However, the passenger demand on the Bremerhaven–Harwich route proved to be insufficient for two ships, and Lion Ferry cancelled the order for a second ship, which was to be named "Prins Albert".

Meanwhile, the newly foundedCommodore Cruise Linewas looking for ships to operate on cruises around theCaribbean.An agreement was reached where the build contract of the half-complete ship was sold to the Sweden-basedWallenius Lines,which would have the ship completed as a cruise ship and, following completion, she would be chartered to Commodore Cruise Lines.Following their tradition of naming ships after operas, Wallenius decided to name the shipBohème,afterLa bohème.Cabins were added in place of the car decks on the ship (although bow or stern doors were never fitted on her), and her superstructure was redesigned to better accommodate the need for sundeck space in the warmer climates.Bohèmewas delivered toWallenius Bremen,Wallenius Lines' West Germany-based subsidiary, on 12 November 1968. She was registered in West Germany, with Bremerhaven as her home port.

Service history

1968–1981: Wallenius Lines ownership

Following delivery theBohèmesailed toStockholm,the location ofWallenius Lines' headquarters, for a presentation to invited guests. On departing Stockholm for Miami she carried her first paying passengers on board. Her maiden voyage was cut short however, as she hit an underwater cliff outsideDalaröin theStockholm Archipelago.The cliff breached the ship's hull and fuel tanks. Lifeboats were used to evacuate all passengers from the listing ship, and three days later she was refloated and towed to the Finnboda shipyard inNackafor week-long repairs. After the repairs she again left for Miami, this time without passengers.

On 7 December 1968, theBohèmeleft on her first cruise from Miami toSaint Thomas.During her first year in service, the ship experienced notable air conditioning problems due to its shipyard's inexperience with ships destined for the warm Caribbean climate. As a result, she returned to Europe in 1980, sailing to theBlohm + Vossshipyard inHamburg,West Germany where the air conditioning system was rebuilt, and an additionalscrew compressoras well as two freshwater generators were installed. Following the rebuild, theBohèmere-entered service with a Miami–Puerto Plata–Saint Thomas–San Juan–Cap-Haïtien–Miami itinerary. She followed the same itinerary all year long, becoming the first ship to offer year-round seven-night cruises from Miami. She was also the first cruise ship to call at Puerto Plata and the first to offer regular sailings to Cap Haitien.

1981–1986: Rederi Ab Sally ownership

In March 1981, Commodore Cruise Line, as well as theBohème,were sold to the Finland-basedRederi Ab Sally.The new owners re-registered theBohèmeinPanama,leading to the resignation of most of the German officers due to worsened working conditions. The resigning officers were replaced withScandinavians.The following year, the German deck and engine crews were replaced byFilipinos.Originally, the new crew members were meant forNavarino,a formerocean liner(ex Gripsholm 1957) Sally had purchased for conversion into service with Commodore Cruise Line. However, after theNavarinowas severely damaged following the capsizing of itsdry dock,the conversion plans were abandoned.The crew already hired for theNavarinowas transferred to theBohème.

Between November 1982 and August 1983, theBohèmewas chartered toBrazilia-basedSaitecin Cruisesfor cruises around South America. She also made one cruise from Miami under this charter.Following this charter, the ship again returned to West Germany to be rebuilt, this time inBremerhaven,where two new diesel generators were installed and much of the interior decorations replaced. While in Bremerhaven, she also received a new external livery. On returning to service in 1984, theBohèmewas placed on a new Miami–Port-au-Prince–Port Antonio–Grand Cayman–Cozumel–Miami itinerary. The schedule proved to be too tight to maintain, especially in poor weather conditions.With engine problems causing further problems, this itinerary only lasted until November 1984, when the ship was chartered toSeaEscapefor its Miami–Freeportferry service.

In February 1985, theBohèmereturned to Commodore Cruise Line service. Her port of departure was changed toSaint Petersburg, Florida,to better cater to the needs of Commodore's main clientele, retired people living on Florida's west coast. The ship's new seven-day itinerary was Saint Petersburg–Key West–Port Antonio–Cozumel–Saint Petersburg. The new route proved to be short-lived, as theBohèmewas sold toSan Donato Properties Corporationin September 1986 forUS$10 million (equivalent to $27,796,000 in 2023), to be converted for use with the Church of Scientology.

1986 onwards: Scientology acquisition and ownership

In 1984, the Church of Scientology's parent body, theChurch of Scientology International(CSI), decided to acquire a ship on which to deliver high-levelScientologycourses. According to a statement by the Church:

CSI believed that an ocean-going vessel would be the most appropriate facility for ministering New OT VIII because this advanced level of religious service requires a completely safe, aesthetic and distraction-free environment and becauseL. Ron Hubbard,the religion's founder, had researched and ministered the firstOT levelsaboard a ship in the late 1960s. A ship therefore would have particular religious significance to Scientologists.

TheFlag Ship Trust(FST) entity was formed in December 1985 with the aid of aUS$5 million donation from theInternational Association of Scientologists.In September 1986, the FST purchasedBohème,renamed herFreewinds,and refitted her to enable use for Scientology purposes. Lawrence Woodcraft, a licensed British architect in theSea Org,was chosen by FST to be the "Chief Architect" of the ship. Upon arrival, Woodcraft discovered that he was not doing any design work but only producing working drawings of renderings and sketches by the "LRH Architects" Barry and Carol Stein (whom Woodcraft later found out were not licensed architects). The designs were full of functional defects, such as moving the dining room two decks up without the kitchen and replacing the existing dining room with a course room (causing disturbances from the noise from the kitchen). When Woodcraft pointed out such defects, he was overruled, and in the case of the restaurant, senior managers ordered a elevator to be installed, which required cutting through steel floors, threatening the ship's structural integrity. Woodcraft and the chief of the renovations, Steve Kozaki, were unsure about the composition of the walls. Kozaki slammed a hammer into a wall, releasing a powdery substance that Woodcraft immediately identified asasbestos.He later confirmed it when he found the original Finnish blueprints, which clearly labeled "asbestos" insulation all over the ship. Woodcraft confronted the Chief Engineer, Wack Alcock, who immediately denied having asbestos and claimed it was just "insulation." Woodcraft informed multiple people, who all disregarded his warnings, except Bitty Miscavige, the sister-in-law of Scientology headDavid Miscavige,who supervised the project. Bitty immediately became concerned and tried to resolve the issue, but decided not to after Alcock could not find anything about asbestos in L Ron Hubbard's literature and reminded Bitty of Scientology doctrine, which held that cancer was caused by "sexual misconduct,"not asbestos. Further damage was caused when one of Hubbard's writings was found to criticize fiberglass, as a consequence of which Sea Org ordered the removal of all the fiberglass protecting the ship from the Caribbean sun.

Once construction started, Woodcraft witnessed how Sea Org members without experience in maritime engineering or interior design were brought without pay, carelessly ripping into the interiors, ventilation, and plumbing, releasing asbestos all over the ship. Many Sea Org members were covered head-to-toe with asbestos, with one individual, after being warned about it by Woodcraft, dismissing his concern and biting into the asbestos. The ship's construction fell vastly behind schedule and over budget, so Scientology management contracted "CCL," a professional ship refitting company based out of Southampton working primarily in Miami. Upon arrival, CCL Engineers were shocked and outraged by the ship's condition and the asbestos contamination, threatening to report them to the authorities. Scientology management allegedly paid CCL extra money, fearing a significant public relations issue. They compromised to have Sea Org members spray contaminated areas with water in a useless attempt to prevent the asbestos from becoming airborne. Eventually, relations with CCL broke down, and they left without performing any work. It was then decided to recruit non-Sea Org Scientologists with the necessary skills to complete the construction. The vessel was placed back into service in June 1988.

The ownership and management of the vessel was organized through a complicated web of Scientology-run corporations and entities, most of which are owned by the FST. It is owned by San Donato Properties, a Panamanian corporation of which FST is the sole shareholder. Another FST-owned Panamanian corporation,Transcorp Services,owns the mortgage on theFreewinds.FSS Organizationwas aNetherlands Antillescorporation responsible for paying certain taxes on the vessel to the Netherlands Antilles authorities. Scientology courses are delivered aboard the vessel by theFlag Ship Service Organization(FSSO), in effect a floating branch of the Church of Scientology.Majestic Cruise Linesis a Panamanian corporation which operates theFreewinds,receiving payment from FSSO for the use of the ship.MCL Servicesis a corporation in the Netherlands Antilles that provides shore support and liaison services for Majestic Cruise Lines and FSSO from the home port of theFreewinds,Curaçao.

Following the Church of Scientology'stax exemptionagreement with theU.S. Internal Revenue Servicein 1993, these arrangements were simplified. The responsibilities of the Majestic Cruise Lines were to be transferred to FSSO, with Majestic itself being dissolved, and FSS Organization being dissolved as it was no longer required for tax reporting purposes in the Netherlands Antilles.However, the Majestic company remains in existence and is still actively billing visitors to theFreewinds.

Freewindsis the fifth ship to be owned by the Church of Scientology. The other four wereRoyal Scotsman(laterApollo),Enchanter(laterDiana),Avon River(laterAthena), andNekambi,all of which have apparently been scrapped.However, the nameplate ofDianahas been preserved and is on display aboardFreewinds.The church also operated twoWorld War IIsurplus ships from the late 1960s until the early 1970s. These wereBolivar,a subchaser, and T.S.M.Y.Excalibur.Both of these vessels were docked atSan Pedro, California,and were used for training new Sea Org members.

Scientology use

Freewindsis the exclusive training center forOT VIII(Operating ThetanLevel 8), thehighest level of Scientologyand the last of the published OT levels. Members of the Church of Scientology who have reached the highest levels must receive their training on theFreewinds.

Besides the OT VIII training,Freewindsis used for delivering lower-level classes, auditing services, and recreational activities for Scientologists. The ship hosts a "Freewinds Maiden Voyage" each June as an "OT Summit" for high-ranking Scientologists at which Scientology accomplishments and plans for the future are celebrated.

A significant portion of the ship is given over to its use as a religious retreat for Scientologists. In addition to various course rooms and a library of L. Ron Hubbard books,Freewindshas areas given over to theReligious Technology Center,Sea OrgandInternational Association of Scientologists.As is common practice in other Scientology organizations, the ship also has an "LRH Office" symbolically set aside for L. Ron Hubbard's use (Hubbard died in January 1986, approximately nine months before the vessel was purchased).

Other uses

Freewindsoften hosts local functions in the ports it frequents, such asjazzconcerts and movie performances in Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao. These events are usually free but often support island charities through entrance fees or suggested donations.Local artists are often showcased. It also caters to different international conferences and events. The ship's leisure facilities include a restaurant, lounge, cabaret, swimming pool, movie theater and beauty salon.

Allegations of abuse onboard

In 2011, former Sea Org member Valeska Paris reported that she had been imprisoned onboardFreewindsto prevent her from leaving Scientology, after joining at age 14.Once she was taken to the ship, expecting to be onboard two weeks, Paris said her passport was taken from her, after which she was held against her will, forced into manual labor for 12 years,and unable to leave the ship without an escort for six years.

Her story was corroborated by a former Sea Org member who said "[Valeska] made it very clear she did not want to be there. She had been sent to the ship so as not to be in contact with one of her parents and that's not what she wanted, she was very, very distressed."The Church of Scientology has denied the claims.

In 2022, Valeska Paris, along with Gawain Baxter and his wife Laura Baxter, filed a related lawsuit against the Church of the Scientology. On April 3, six weeks after the magistrate ruled Miscavige as served, US District Judge Tom Barber ruled that the plaintiffs must seek relief from Church arbitration and not the courts. Some of the plaintiffs' arguments were dismissed because ruling on them would require the courts to interpret religious doctrine, which is inconsistent with theFirst Amendment,said Barber.

Environmental issues

In April 2008, theFreewindswas shut down afterblue asbestoswas discovered by government health inspectorsduring maintenance by the Curaçao Drydock Company.Blue asbestos is the most dangerous form of asbestos, and the ship was reported to be "extensively contaminated".According to InsuranceNewsNet, "Decontamination, if it is even possible, is likely to cost tens of millions of dollars and would result in the ship being in dry dock for many months."

The discovery confirmed a 2001 allegation made by former Scientologist Lawrence Woodcraft, who had overseen the original renovation of theFreewindsin 1987.The Captain also admitted that during previous maintenance performed by his personnel, asbestos was released into the ventilation system but not reported.

The Church of Scientology denied that there is an asbestos problem, commenting in May 2008 that "there is not now and never has been a situation of asbestos exposure on the Freewinds."Karin Pouw,spokesperson for the Church of Scientology, toldRadar Magazinethat the air quality on the ship was regularly tested and "always meets or exceeds US standards".The Church contracted Nordica Engineering to perform renovations on theFreewindsand denied the presence of blue asbestos during talks. To remove material from the ship, Nordica brought in 240 Polish workers, who lived on theFreewindsfor a month and a half. When workers told Nordica there was blue asbestos on the ship, they stopped renovations and workers returned to Poland. Witold Maliński stated that Nordica was looking to demand compensation on behalf of its workers.

TheFreewindshas been noted inBonairefor the amount of waste water it dumps into the island's inland waste pit.

2019 measles quarantine

In May 2019, theFreewindswas placed in quarantine by the island ofSaint Luciaduring a visit, after a confirmed case ofmeasleson board.Dr. Merlene Fredericks-James, Saint Lucia's chief medical officer, said in a statement: "Because of the risk of potential infection, not just from the confirmed measles case but from other persons who may be on the boat at the time, we thought it prudent to make a decision not to allow anyone to disembark."

The ship left Saint Lucia on 2 May en route to its home port of Curaçao. The measles case was identified as a female crew member.

Design

View of the upper decks of theFreewinds

Logo on the side of theFreewinds,incorporating theOT,Dianetics,Scientology and Majestic Cruise Lines logos (centre, left, right and above, respectively).

Exterior design

The exterior design of theBohème/Freewindsis very similar to theFinnhansa-class ships built as ferries. She has a moderately raked and slightly rounded bow, rounded forward superstructure, terraced rear superstructure and two slim side-by-side funnels. She differs from her sisters with the superstructure expanding further on promenade deck (on the other ships it only extends as far as thebridge), swimming pool added to the rear of promenade deck, and the observation lounge missing from the topmost deck; this was replaced by an open sunbathing area.

As built theBohèmewas painted inWallenius Lineslivery, with an all-white hull and superstructure, yellow radar mast and yellow funnels with a wide horizontal green stripe painted on them and the letters OW (forOlof Wallenius) painted on the stripe. The ship only kept this livery until her first visit to Miami, where she was repainted in theCommodore Cruise Linelivery, with white funnels and radar mast. A dark blue decorative stripe was later painted on the hull. During the 1983 refit the livery of theBohèmewas more radically altered, when blue stripes were painted along the windows on main and promenade decks, as well as the bridge windows. The funnels were re-painted with a spray-shaped design in blue, red and yellow.

Following acquisition by theChurch of Scientologythe ship's external appearance was changed slightly from the final Commodore livery; theFreewindsreceived dark blue funnels with theMajestic Cruise Lineslogo on them, while an intricate combination of Scientology-related symbols was painted on both sides of the hull (pictured on the right). Additionally three decorative ribands were painted on the side of the hull towards the rear.

Interior design

Members of the Wallenius family were heavily involved in the interior design of theBohème.Margareta Walleniusin particular involved herself in the ship's interior design, having her say in the materials used and works of art brought in from promising artists in Paris. Reflecting the company tradition of naming ships after operas, all public rooms on board were originally named after themes related toPuccini'sLa bohème,the opera that had given the ship its name.

Her sister ships were built for ferry service, and cabins were built onBohème's planned car-decks on B- and C-decks.The car decks had in fact been originally planned to accommodate temporary cabin modules during the winter whenLion Ferry,the company that had originally ordered theBohème,planned to use her for cruising to theCanary Isles.Additionally, a small gymnasium and cinema were added in place of the cargo hold on D-deck. All stairways and public rooms were panelled in lightNordicwoods, while the deluxe cabins received dark oak panelings. During the 1983 refit, much of the original panelling was replaced by colourful paintings or mirrors to give an increased sense of space. Similarly, much of the upholstery and carpets were replaced with more cheerfully colored ones.

See also

• List of cruise ships

External links

• AIS vessel data and current location