Gharmi people
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Tajikistan | |
| Languages | |
| Tajik,Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| OtherIranian peoples |
TheGharmi Tajiks[a]are one of the original regional groups ofTajiks,with origins in theRasht Valleyin centralTajikistan.
History
[edit]From the 1920s to 1955 there was aGharm Oblastin Tajikistan, and henceforth people from central Tajikistan were known as Gharmi Tajiks. During the 1950s many Gharmi Tajiks were forced to migrate from central Tajikistan to theVakhsh River Valleyin western Tajikistan.
Gharmi Tajiks were largely excluded from government positions, which were dominated by individuals fromKhujandandKulob.Gharmi Tajiks who settled inQurghonteppa Oblastare frequently described as aclangroup that found social niches in education and the marketplace.[1]
After Tajikistan became independent in 1991, many Gharmi Tajiks participated in protests against communists and the government.[2]When theCivil War of Tajikistanbroke out in 1992 a large number of Gharmi Tajiks joined theDPT-IRPopposition.[3]The organizationHuman Rights Watchamong others, reported that Gharmi Tajiks were targeted forexecution,disappearances,mass killings, and Gharmi villages were burnt.[3][4][5][6]
During the fall and winter of 1992 as many as 90,000 Gharmi Tajiks andPamiriswere expelled from their homes and found refuge inAfghanistanin a campaign described by theUnited States Department of Stateas apogrom.[7]This was followed by heavy fighting in the Rasht Valley between government and opposition forces that led to the destruction of villages.[6][7]There is evidence thatrapewas used by both sides during this campaign.[7]
Notes
[edit]- ^Russian:Гармские таджики;Tajik:Тоҷикони Ғарм,romanized:Tojikoni Gharm,IPA:[tʰɔdʒiˈkʰɔnɪˈʁaɾm]
References
[edit]- ^Edward W. Walker (Spring 2006)."Ethnic War, Holy War, War O. War: Does The Adjective Matter In Explaining Collective Political Violence?"(PDF).Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 12 September 2006.Retrieved9 November2006.
- ^"Tajikistan: Refugee Reintegration And Conflict Prevention".Open Society Institute.1998. Archived fromthe originalon 3 September 2007.Retrieved2 November2006.
- ^ab"Human Rights Watch World Report: Tajikistan".Human Rights Watch.1994.Retrieved2 November2006.
- ^Dilip Hiro.Between Marx and Muhammad,HarperCollins.(London,1995).
- ^Ahmed Rashid.The Resurgence of Central Asia.Oxford University Press.Karachi.1994
- ^ab"Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations And Reports Of Special Rapporteurs And Representatives".United Nations.24 October 1996.Retrieved9 November2006.
- ^abc"Tajikistan Human Rights Practices, 1993".U.S. Department of State.31 January 1994.Retrieved9 November2006.
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