Geographic top-level domain
 | This article'sfactual accuracymay be compromised due to out-of-date information.The reason given is: Not in line with current IANA root database.(September 2021) |
Ageographic top-level domain(often shortened asgeographic TLD or geoTLD) is any of an unofficial group oftop-level domainsin theDomain Name Systemof theInternetusing the name of or invoking an association with ageographical,geopolitical, ethnic, linguistic or cultural community. TheIANAdoes not recognize these domains as their own group within the Root Zone Database, rather classifying them asgeneric top-level domains.
As of 2014[update],several examples of geographic TLDs exist:.london,[1]enabling London businesses, organizations, and individuals to establish an online naming presence,.asia(forAsia),.rio(forRio de Janeirocity),.quebec(forQuébecprovince),.catwhich is asponsored top-level domainintended to be used to highlight theCatalan languageand culture..euis acountry code top-level domain,since "EU" is areserved country codefor theEuropean UnioninISO 3166-1.
In 2017, an interest group focused on geographic TLDs was formed and joined as a member of the Registry Stakeholder Group (RySG) atICANN.The GeoTLD Group AISBL is an international non-for-profit membership association resident in Belgium. It represents and promotes the interests of organizations operating a generic top-level domain which denominates a geographic name, geographic identifier or geographic origin (so-called GeoTLD) with the purpose of serving the respective place, language and culture on the internet.[2]
Proposals
[edit]Examples ofproposed top-level domainsin this category are:
.corsica(theFrenchisland ofCorsica).αθήνα(Athens,Greece).berlin(city ofBerlin,Germany).wien(city ofVienna,Austria).bcn(city ofBarcelona).bzh(Bretoncommunity)[3].cym(Wales(Cymru); awarded to the Cayman Islands)[4].cymru(Wales (Cymru)).wales(Wales).eus(Basque language)[5].gal(Galician language)[6].lat(Latin America).saarland(the German state ofSaarland)[7].africa(African andPan Africancommunities).scot(Scots community).vlaanderen(Flanders,Belgium)[8].Thượng Hải(Shanghai).lnand.le- Currently being sold by Dennis Hope's "Lunar Embassy Commission"alongside.lunar,.moon,.venus,.mars,.jupiter,.saturn,.uranus,.neptune,.pluto,.space.People who purchase novelty deeds for outer space property from him are also given free domains.[9]None of these TLDs are supported by the root servers and it is unlikely they will be in the future (Although, with the ICANN decision to allow registration of custom gTLDs, it becomes possible)..toronto(Toronto)
Applications
[edit]On June 13, 2012ICANNrevealed nearly 2,000 applications for new top-level domains, which were expected to go live throughout 2014 after thorough examination.[10]
Many of these are geographic, including:
- .africa
- .alsace
- .amsterdam.amsterdam
- .bar(intended forBar, Montenegro)
- .barcelona
- .bayern
- .bcn(for Barcelona)
- .berlin.berlin
- .brussels.brussels
- .budapest
- .bzh(for Brittany)
- .catalonia
- .corsica.corsica
- .cymru(for Wales, inWelsh)
- .doha
- .durban
- .hamburg.hamburg
- .helsinki
- .istanbul
- .kiwi(forNew Zealand)
- .koeln(forCologne)
- .kyoto
- .lat(for Latin America)
- .london
- .madrid
- .melbourne.melbourne
- .miami
- .moscow
- .nagoya
- .nrw (forNorth Rhine-Westphalia)
- .nyc(for New York City)
- .osaka
- .paris
- .persiangulf
- .quebec(for quebec)
- .rio(for Rio de Janeiro)
- .roma
- .saarland
- .scot
- .stockholm
- .sydney
- .taipei
- .thai
- .tirol
- .tokyo
- .vegas.vegas
- .wales(forWales,inEnglish)
- .wien(forVienna,Austria)
- .vlaanderen(.vlaanderenforFlanders)
- .yokohama
- .zuerich
- .zulu
- .москва (for Moscow)
- .рус (for theRussian-speaking community[11])
- .ابوظبي (forAbu Dhabi)
- .Phật Sơn (forFoshan)
- .Quảng Châu (forGuangzhou)
- .Thâm Quyến (forShenzhen)
Internationalized country codes
[edit]Aninternationalized country codeis similar to a GeoTLD, with two differences: it is a domain used exclusively for a sovereign state. The other difference is that an internationalized country code is considered accTLDand not a GeoTLD. More free geographic ccTLD have been applied for and will be active in 2013.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Discover Why.London Is A Perfect Fit For Your Business".Dot London.Retrieved16 February2019.
- ^"Promoting local digital Identities for Cities, Regions, Languages and Cultures on the Internet".GeoTLD Group AISBL.Retrieved16 February2019.
- ^".BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne"..BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne.Retrieved16 February2019.
- ^"Help Wales Profit from the Next Major Change to the Internet..."dotCYM.Cedwir pob hawl. 2008. Archived fromthe originalon December 13, 2016.
- ^".eus the Basque language and culture on the Internet".PuntuEus Elkartea. Archived fromthe originalon July 27, 2011.
- ^".gal Asociación".Asociación PuntoGal(in Galician). 2019.Retrieved16 February2019.
- ^GmbH, dotSaarland."dotSaarland GmbH - Das kleinste Internet Deutschlands - nic.saarland".nic.saarland.Retrieved16 February2019.
- ^"Registry for.be,.brussels and.vlaanderen".dnsbelgium.be.Retrieved16 February2019.
- ^Hope, David."The Lunar Embassy".Archived fromthe originalon 21 September 2013.Retrieved24 March2012.
- ^Reveal Day 13 June 2012 – New gTLD Applied-For StringsArchivedJune 15, 2012, at theWayback Machine
- ^"ICANN New gTLD Application".gtldresult.icann.org.Retrieved16 February2019.
External links
[edit]- Contribution about GeoTLD at the United Nations Internet Governance Forum IGF in Athens 2006
- Article about GeoTLDs by former German Governmental Advisory Committee GAC member at ICANN Michael Leibrandt
- Workshop on GeoTLDs at ICANN Meeting in San Juan June 2007
- ICANN Public Participation Website
- ICANN GeoTLD wiki page
- CityTLD literature