Geography of Zambia

Geography of Zambia

Continent	Africa
Region	Southern Africa
Coordinates	15°S30°E
Area	Ranked 39th
• Total	752,618 km2(290,587 sq mi)
Coastline	0 km (0 mi)
Borders	5,664 km (Angola1110 km,DROC1930 km,Malawi837 km,Mozambique419 km,Namibia233 km,Tanzania338 km,Zimbabwe797 km,Botswana<1 km)
Highest point	Mafinga Central,Mafinga Hills 2,339 m
Lowest point	Zambezi River,329 m
Longest river	Zambezi River 2,650 km

Zambiais alandlockedcountry located in SouthernAfrica,to the east ofAngola.It has a total area of 752,618 square kilometres (slightly smaller thanTurkey), of which 9 220 km²is water.

Area and boundaries

Area

• Total: 752,618 km²
  • country rank in the world:38th
• Land: 743,390 km²
• Water: 9,220 km²

Area comparative

• Australia comparative: slightly smaller thanNew South Wales
• Canada comparative: slightly less than half the size ofQuebec
• United Kingdom comparative: slightly more than three times the size of the United Kingdom
• United States comparative: slightly less than twice the size ofMontana
• EUcomparative: slightly less than 1⁠1/2⁠times the size ofSpain

Land boundaries

• Total: 5,664 km of land boundaries
• Border countries:Angolafor 1,110 km,Democratic Republic of the Congofor 1,930 km,Malawifor 837 km,Mozambiquefor 419 km,Namibiafor 233 km,Tanzaniafor 338 km,Zimbabwefor 797 km, andBotswana,less than 1 km (0.62 mi).

Physical geography

Climate

Main article:Climate of Zambia

Zambia has atropicalclimate,modified by the altitude of the country. There is a rainy season that runs from October/November to March/April.

Köppen climate classification map of Zambia

Terrain

The terrain of Zambia is mostly highplateau,with some hills andmountains.The lowest point is theZambeziriver, at 329 m (1,079 ft) above sea level, with the highest beingMafinga Centralin theMafinga Hills,at 2,339 m (7,674 ft) above sea level.

Zambia is a landlocked country bordered alongZimbabwein the south divided byVictoria Falls,Congo DRin the north,Tanzaniaon the northeast,Malawion the east andMozambiqueon the southeast. The general topography of the country is characterized by upliftedplanation surfaces.The general elevation of the nation as a whole is tended towards west to east from theKalahari Basin.The level of land falls from the upper Congo towards the Zambezi depression in the South forming a plateau.

Zambia lies in the watershed between DR Congo and Zambezi river systems. Leaving two provinces, all other provinces lie in the country frontier formed between the continental divide separating the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, which traverses from DR Congo to the south of Tanzania. There are three major seasons: a cool dry season from April to August, a hot dry season from August to November and a warm wet season from November to April. The maximum heat is experienced during November, while the maximum rainfall is received during December. The annual rainfall is more than 700 mm (28 in) in the Southern parts, while is more than 1,100 mm (43 in) in the northern parts. Lake Kariba is the man made lake in Africa and the second largest man made lake in the world and it stretches along the Southern border of the province.

Ecoregions

Main article:Ecoregions of Zambia

Nineecoregionsin four biomes are represented in Zambia, the most widespread being Miombo, Mopane and Baikiaea woodlandsavanna,withgrasslands(mainly flooded grassland) and evergreen forest also present.

Land use

Satellite image of Zambia

The following table describes the land use in Zambia, as of 2011.

Land use

Use	Percentage of Area
arable land	4.52
permanent crops	0.05
other	95.44

As of 2005, 1559 km²of land in Zambia is irrigated.

Environment

Victoria Falls

Current issues for the environment in the country include:air pollutionand resultingacid rainin themineralextraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching, which seriously threatens: rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations;deforestation;soil erosion;desertificationand lack of adequate water treatment, which presents human health risks.

Zambia is considered to bevulnerable to climate change.The main impact pathway of climate change in the country is through increasing variability in rainfall amounts during the agricultural season across the various agroecological regions, and shifts in the duration of the rainy season.Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for theirlivelihoods- and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to therainfednature of production. Researched evidence suggested that temperature was likely to increase by 1.82^oC and rainfall reduce by 0.87 percentage points by 2050.This means that the occurrence ofextreme climate eventssuch asdroughtsandfloodswould become more frequent.

Zambia is party to the following international agreements:Biodiversity,Climate Change,Desertification,Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea,Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer ProtectionandWetlands.Zambia has signed, but not ratified, theKyoto Protocol.

Extreme points

This is a list of the extreme points of Zambia, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

• Northernmost point: Cape Pungu,Northern province
• Easternmost point: Kongula Peak, Northern province
• Southernmost point: unnamed location on the border with Zimbabwe in the Zambezi river,Southern province
• Westernmost point: the western section of the border with Angola (Zambia does not have a westernmost point as the border here is formed by the line oflongitude22° E)