German submarineU-394
History | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Name | U-394 |
Ordered | 20 January 1941 |
Builder | Howaldtswerke,Kiel |
Yard number | 26 |
Laid down | 31 March 1942 |
Launched | 19 June 1943 |
Commissioned | 7 August 1943 |
Fate | Sunk, by a British aircraft and warships in theNorwegian Seaon 2 September 1944[1] |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Type VIICsubmarine |
Displacement | |
Length |
|
Beam |
|
Height | 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in) |
Draught | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
Installed power |
|
Propulsion |
|
Speed |
|
Range | |
Test depth |
|
Complement | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
Armament |
|
Service record[1] | |
Part of: |
|
Identification codes: | M 53 379 |
Commanders: | |
Operations: |
|
Victories: | None |
German submarineU-394was aType VIICU-boatofNazi Germany'sKriegsmarineduringWorld War II.
She carried out two patrols. She did not sink or damage any ships.
She was sunk by a British aircraft and warships in theNorwegian Seaon 2 September 1944.[1]
Design
[edit]German Type VIIC submarineswere preceded by the shorterType VIIB submarines.U-394had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.[2]She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), apressure hulllength of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), abeamof 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and adraughtof 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by twoGermaniawerftF46 four-stroke, six-cylindersuperchargeddiesel enginesproducing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, twoGarbe, Lahmeyer & Co.RP 137/cdouble-acting electric motorsproducing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft)propellers.The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[2]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[2]When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).U-394was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in)torpedo tubes(four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteentorpedoes,one8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun,(220 rounds), one3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42and two twin2 cm (0.79 in) C/30anti-aircraft guns. The boat had acomplementof between forty-four and sixty.[2]
Service history
[edit]The submarine waslaid downon 31 January 1941 at theHowaldtswerke(yard) atFlensburgas yard number 26,launchedon 19 June 1943 andcommissionedon 7 August under the command ofOberleutnant zur SeeErnst-Günther Unterhorst.
The boat was a member of twowolfpacks.
She served with the5th U-boat Flotillafrom 7 August 1943 and the1st flotillafrom 1 April 1944. She was reassigned to the11th flotillaon 1 June.
Her first patrol was preceded by a series of short journey fromKielin Germany toArendal(northeast of Kristiansand),BergenandNarvikin Norway.
First patrol
[edit]The boat departed Narvik on 1 June 1944. She was soon sweeping theNorwegian SeabetweenJan Mayenisland and the Norwegian mainland. She arrived atHammerfeston 8 July.
Second patrol and loss
[edit]U-394left Hammerfest on 27 July 1944. She patrolled theGreenlandandBarentsseas. On 2 September, southeast of Jan Mayen, she was sunk by rockets anddepth chargesfrom aFairey Swordfishof825 Naval Air Squadron(this aircraft was from the escort carrierHMSVindex), the British destroyersHMSKeppelandHMSWhitehall.The sloopsHMSMermaidandHMSPeacockwere also involved.
50 men died in the U-boat; there were no survivors.
Wolfpacks
[edit]U-394took part in twowolfpacks,namely:
- Trutz (2 June – 6 July 1944)
- Trutz (17 August – 2 September 1944)
References
[edit]- ^abcHelgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-394".German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net.Retrieved9 September2012.
- ^abcdGröner 1991,pp. 43–46.
Bibliography
[edit]- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).German U-boat commanders of World War II: a biographical dictionary.Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press.ISBN1-55750-186-6.
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999).Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945[German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler.ISBN3-8132-0514-2.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels.German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN0-85177-593-4.
External links
[edit]- Helgason, Guðmundur."The Type VIIC boat U-394".German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net.Retrieved9 September2012.
- Hofmann, Markus."U 394".Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 – u-boot-archiv.de(in German).Retrieved26 December2014.
- German Type VIIC submarines
- U-boats commissioned in 1943
- U-boats sunk in 1944
- U-boats sunk by depth charges
- 1943 ships
- Ships built in Kiel
- Submarines lost with all hands
- U-boats sunk by British warships
- U-boats sunk by British aircraft
- World War II submarines of Germany
- World War II shipwrecks in the Norwegian Sea
- Maritime incidents in September 1944