Glossary of anarchism
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The following is a list of terms specific to anarchists.Anarchismis a political and social movement which advocatesvoluntary associationin opposition toauthoritarianismandhierarchy.
A[edit]
- Acracy
- The negation of rule or "governmentby none ". While" anarchy "refers to the absence of ahierarchicalsociety-organizingpower principle,"acracy" refers to the absence ofcoercion;the condition of acracy is one of voluntaryorder.Derived from theGreekα- [no] and κρατία [system of government].
- Adhocracy
- A form of organic organization according to which different parts of an organization are temporarily assembled to meet the requirements of that particular point in time.[1]
- Affinity group
- A small non-hierarchical collective of individuals who collaborate ondirect actionviaconsensus decision-making.[2]
- Anarch
- Coined byErnst Jünger,this refers to the ruler (i.e. individual) in a state of anarchy analogous to themonarchin a state ofmonarchy,a conception influenced byMax Stirner's notion of thesovereign individual.[3]
- Anarchism without adjectives
- A form of anarchism which does not declare affiliation with any specific subtype of anarchism (as may be suffixed to anarcho- or anarcha-), instead positioning itself as pluralistic, tolerant of allanarchist schools of thought.[4]
- Anarchy
- Derived from theAncient Greekἀν (without) + ἄρχειν (to rule) "withoutarchons,""without rulers ".[5]
- Anomie
- Social disorder and civil war in an absence of government, used to separate anarchy as in social orderandabsence of government.
- Ansoc
- Clipping ofanarcho-socialismand/or anarcho-socialist used in informal discourse, particularly inblogsor otherinternet forums.
- Anti-systemic library
- A library which is not organised hierarchically and that has nocatalogue.The concept is influenced by the ideas of theSituationists.
- Autonomism
- A set of radical left-wing political movements inWestern Europewhich emerged in the late 20th century.
- Archon
- A Greek word meaning "ruler"; the absence of archons and archy (rule) defines a state ofanarchy.Derived from the Ancient Greek άρχων, pl. άρχοντες.
B[edit]
- Biennio rosso
- The "two red years" of political agitation, strikes and land occupation byItalianworkers in 1919 and 1920.[6]
- Black anarchism
- A political philosophy primarily ofAfrican-Americans,opposed to what it sees as the oppression ofpeople of colourby thewhiteruling classthrough the power of thestate.[7]
- Black bloc
- Anaffinity group,or cluster of affinity groups that assembles duringprotests,demonstrations,or other forms ofdirect action.Black blocs are noted for the distinctive all-black clothing worn by members to conceal theiridentityand for their intentional defiance of stateproperty law.[8][9]
- Bourse du Travail
- A distinctively French form of working class organization of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,bourses du travailpromotedmutual aid,education, andself-organizationamongst their members.[10]
C[edit]
- Consensus decision-making
- Aparticipatorydecision makingprocess for collectives that seeks the resolution or mitigation of minority objections (according to the principle ofinclusivity) as well as theagreement of the majorityof participants.[11][12][13]
- Cost the limit of price
- A maxim coined byindividualist anarchistJosiah Warren(1798–1874) to express anormativeconception of thelabor theory of value—that is, that the price of a good or service should never exceed its cost.[14]
- Counter-economics
- Abbreviation of "counter-establishment economics", a concept inagoristtheory of the use and advocacy ofblackandgrey marketsand theunderground economyto erode the moral authority of and the perceived necessity for thestate.
D[edit]
…When a revolutionary situation develops, counter-institutions have the potential of functioning as a real alternative to the existing structure and reliance on them becomes as normal as reliance on the old authoritarian institutions. This is when counter-institutions constitutedual power.
Dual power is a state of affairs in which people have created institutions that fulfill all the useful functions formerly provided by the state. The creation of a general state of dual power is a necessary requirement for a successful revolution…
Love and Rage,Love & Rage Revolutionary Anarchist Federation New York Local Member Handbook;June, 1997.[15]
- Dispute resolution organization(DRO)
- A private (or possibly cooperative) organization specialized in resolving disputes that would arise in an anarchical society (similar to aPDA).[16]
- Diversity of tactics
- A united front of solidarity between participants who disagree on specific choice of tactics. For instance, during a protest action, demonstrators can create zones with varying degrees of tactical risk, rather than imposing a single code.[17]
- Dual power
- The concept ofrevolutionthrough the creation of "counter-institutions" in place of and in opposition to state power.[15]Used inanarcho-communistdiscourse, it is distinct from theearlier useof the phrase by non-anarchist communists such asVladimir Lenin.
- Dumpster diving
- Physically searching through the discarded belongings in adumpsteror other trash receptacle, with the intention of salvaging useful material such asfoodorinformation.[18]
E[edit]
- Epistemological anarchism
- A theory in thephilosophy of scienceadvanced byPaul Feyerabendwhich holds that there are no useful and exception-free rules governing theprogress of science,and that the pragmatic approach is aDadaistic"anything goes" attitude ofmethodological pluralism.[19]
F[edit]
- Food rescue
- The practice of retrieving edible food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to those in need.[20]
- Free school
- Adecentralizednetwork in which skills, information and knowledge are shared with neither thesocial hierarchynor the institutional environment of formal schooling.
- Free soviets
- Following the Russian Revolution, the concept ofworkers' councils(soviets) that were self-governing and free from party control.[21]
- Freeganism
- Ananti-consumeristlifestyle according to which participants attempt to restrict their consumption of natural resources and participation in the conventional economy to using salvaged and discarded goods.[22]
- Freigeld
- Amonetarysystem in theFreiwirtschafttheory, according to whichunits of currencyretain their value or lose it at a certain rate, makinginflationand profiting frominterestimpossible.Freigeldis aGermanphrase with the literal meaning "free money".[23]
G[edit]
- Give-away shop
- Second-hand storeswhere all goods are free. An example of agift economy.[24]
- Guerrilla gardening
- Nonviolentdirect actionwhereby disused plots are converted togardenswithout seeking the permission of the putative property owners.[25]Related:squatting.
H[edit]
- Haymarket Martyrs
- The seven anarchists tried and executed for the murder of a Chicago policeman during theHaymarket affair.[26]
- Haymarket Tragedy
- Hierarchy
- Horizontalidad(alsoHorizontalism)
- A form of non-hierarchical social organization which utilisesdirect democracyandconsensus decision-making.[27]
I[edit]
- Illegalism
- A doctrine which rejects allmoral obligationsand governmentallawin favour of the satisfaction of one's own desires.[28]Pioneered by theBonnot GanginFranceand heavily influenced by theindividualist anarchistphilosophy of Max Stirner.[28]
- Immediatism
- A philosophy which demands the embracing of immediate social interactions with people as a means of countering theantisocial consequencesof consumeristcapitalism.[29]
- Individual reclamation (reprise individuelle)
- A form of direct action that advocates for criminal acts in service of a cause. Influenced by Bolshevik theory.[30]
- Infoshop
- A space (often asocial center) that serves as a node for anarchists involved with radical movements andcounterculturesfor trading publications (typically books,zines,stickers and posters), meeting and networking with similar individuals and groups.[31]The primary directive of an infoshop is thedisseminationof information.[32]Related:zine library.
- Invisible dictatorship
- Avanguardistorganisation ofrevolutionariesfirst proposed byMikhail Bakunin.[33]
J[edit]
- Jurisdictional arbitrage
- Exploitation of differences in national laws and regulations[34]to maximiseliberty.Related:dynamic geography,panarchism.
K[edit]
- Kabouters
- Dutch anarchists influenced byPeter Kropotkinwho sought to promote awareness of alternatives to authoritarian and capitalist solutions to social problems in 1960sAmsterdam.[35]
L[edit]
- Land and liberty
- A slogan expressing the desire of freedom from landowners originally used by the revolutionary leaders of theMexican Revolution.Spanish:Tierra y Libertad,Russian:Земля и ВоляZemlya i Volya.
- Law of equal liberty
- A doctrine asserting that each individual has the right to assert their fullest liberty to act so long as it does not extend them greater liberty than any other individual. Named byHerbert Spencer.
- Lifestylism
- Anarchists who prioritize cultural and identity protest over class struggle politics. Associated withMurray Bookchin's1995 essayin pejorative reference toanarcho-primitivists,poststructural anarchists,andindividualists/egoists.[36]
- Lois scélérates
- Apejorative termfor a set of French laws passed during 1893–1894 restricting thefreedom of the anarchist pressin the aftermath of an outbreak ofpropaganda of the deed.
M[edit]
- Makhnovshchina
- Mass movement to establish anarchist-communism in Ukraine, led by the Ukrainian anarchist revolutionaryNestor Makhno(1888–1934) and his followers in theRevolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
- Modern School
- Americanschoolsformed in the early 20th century based on the ideas of educator and anarchistFrancesc Ferrer i Guàrdiaand modelled after hisEscuela Moderna.[37]
- Mutual aid
- The voluntary reciprocal exchange of resources and services for mutual benefit. Related:gift economy,voluntarism.
N[edit]
- Netwar
- Low-intensity social conflict employing a network structure for organisational control and communication.[38]Related:Security culture.
- Non-aggression Principle(NAP,alsoNon-aggression Axiom)
- A prohibition against theinitiation of force,or the threat of force, against persons or property (usually referred to as aggression or coercion).
P[edit]
- Panarchy (political philosophy)
- Participatory politics
- Polycentric law
- Popular assembly
- Post-left
- Prefigurative politics
- Primitivist
- Used interchangeably withanarcho-primitivist.
- Propaganda of the deed
- Property is theft!
- Provo
- Punk house
R[edit]
- Radical cheerleading
- Really Really Free Market
- Afree marketbased on the principle ofgift economicswhereby participants bring gifts and resources to share with one another, withoutmoneybeing exchanged.[39]Related:participatory economics,voluntary association.
- Refusal of work
- Responsible autonomy
- Revolutionary spontaneity
- Rewilding
- Reprise individuelle
S[edit]
Samizdat—the production of literature banned by the former communist governments of eastern Europe; the term is a play on the term for the Soviet state press, and translates to "self-publishing." Throughout the greater part of the twentieth century, the best literature, philosophy, and history in the Soviet Union and its satellite states was copied by photo-reproduction and distributed through underground channels—just as it is here in the United States today.
Rolling Thunder,Issue 4[40]
- Seasteading
- The creation of permanent dwellings on the ocean, analogous tohomesteadingon land. A seastead is a structure meant for permanent occupation on the ocean.[41]
- Security culture
- Secrecy practiced by anaffinity groupwhich engages in illegal activities, and its precautions to avoid surveillance or infiltration by law enforcement.[42]Related:direct action,netwar
- Somatherapy
- Spokescouncil
- Spontaneous order
- Street reclamation
- Swaraj
T[edit]
- TANSTAAFL
- Acronym coined bylibertarian science fictionwriterRobert A. HeinleininThe Moon Is a Harsh Mistressfor "There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch". Used to express scepticism towards socialist economics.[43]
- Tragic Week
- The name given to a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish army and the anarchist-backed working classes inCatalunyancities from July 25-August 2, 1909.[44]
- Trial of the thirty
- Ashow trialin 1894 inParisaimed at legitimizing thelois scélératespassed in 1893–1894 against theFrench anarchist movementand atrestricting press freedomby proving the existence of an effective association between anarchists.[45]French:Procès des trente
V[edit]
- Veganarchism
- Thepolitical philosophyofveganism(more specificallyanimal liberation) andanarchism,creating a combinedpraxisas a means forsocial revolution.
- Voluntarism
- The use of or reliance on voluntary action to maintain an institution, carry out a policy, or achieve an end.[46]
- Voluntaryism
- Apolitical philosophywhich advocatesvoluntary associationas the foundation of society, and opposescoercionandaggression.
W[edit]
- Wage slavery
- A term which asserts a similarity betweenslavery—the ownership and control of one person by another—andwage labour.[47]
- Workers' self-management
- A form of workplace decision-making in which the workers rather than professional managers decide on issues related to the operation of the business.[48]
Z[edit]
- Zenarchy
- Compound ofzenand "archy".Thesocial orderwhich arises frommeditation.As a doctrine, zenarchism is the belief that "universal enlightenment" is a prerequisite to the abolition of thestate.[49]
- Zine
- A low-circulation, non-commercialperiodicalof original orappropriatedtexts and images. Usually reproduced viaphotocopieron a variety of colored paper stock.
- Zine library
- Arepositoryof zines and other associated artifacts, such assmall pressbooks. Zine libraries are typically run on a minimal budget, and have a close association withinfoshopsand other forms ofDIY cultureandindependent media.
See also[edit]
For a list of words relating to Anarchism, see theAnarchismcategory of wordsinWiktionary,the free dictionary.
References[edit]
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- ^Recipes for Disaster,p.28-31
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- ^AnarchyMerriam-Webster's Online dictionary
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- ^ACME Collective,A communique from one section of the black bloc of N30 in Seattle.
- ^Ogg, Frederic Austin (1917).Economic development of modern Europe.New York:The Macmillan company.p.464.OCLC603770.
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the small but growing subculture of anticonsumerists who call themselves freegans — the term derives from vegans, the vegetarians who forsake all animal products, as many freegans also do
- ^Zweig, Ferdynand (1934).The Economics of Consumers' Credit.London: P. S. King & Son. p. 7.OCLC5358381.
- ^Logs: micro-fondements d'émancipation sociale et artistique.Maisons-Alfort, France: Ére, [2005- ].ISBN2-915453-04-7OCLC60370621p.20
- ^Notes from Nowhere (2003).We Are Everywhere.London: Verso. p.150.ISBN978-1859844472.
- ^Foner, Philip S., ed. (1969).The Autobiographies of the Haymarket Martyrs.New York: Pathfinder Press. p. 13.ISBN978-0873488792.
- ^Sitrin, Marina (2006).Horizontalism.Stirling:AK Press.ISBN978-1904859581.
- ^abParry, Richard (1987). "From illegality to illegalism".The Bonnot Gang.London: Rebel Press. p.15.ISBN978-0946061044.
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- ^Armstrong-Myers, Katy (1989). "Review of THE BONNOT GANG".Socialist Lawyer(9): 20.ISSN0954-3635.JSTOR42950027.
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- ^Williams, P. (2001)."Transnational Criminal Networks"(PDF).Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy.Retrieved2008-06-23.
- ^Woodcock, George (2004).Anarchism: a History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements.Peterborough: Broadview Press. p. 371.ISBN978-1551116297.
- ^Morris, Brian (2014). "The Political Legacy of Murray Bookchin".Anthropology, Ecology, and Anarchism: A Brian Morris Reader.PM Press.pp. 169–170.ISBN978-1-60486-986-6.
- ^Brennan, Elizabeth (1998).Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners.Phoenix: Oryx Press. p.257.ISBN978-1573561112.
- ^Arquilla, J.; Ronfeldt, D. (1996).The Advent of Netwar.RAND Corporation.ISBN978-0833024145.
- ^Recipes for Disaster,p. 241
- ^"Glossary of Terms, part IV".Rolling Thunder(4): 6–8. Spring 2007.
- ^Friedman, Patri(14 April 2008)."A Brief Introduction to the Seasteading Institute".Seasteading.org.Seasteading Institute.Retrieved2008-06-23.
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- ^Stover, Leon (1987).Robert A. Heinlein.Boston: Twayne Publishers.ISBN978-0805775099.
- ^Bookchin, Murray (1997).The Spanish Anarchists.Stirling: AK Press. p. 129.ISBN978-1873176047.
- ^Jean Maitron,Le mouvement anarchiste en France,Tel Gallimard (first ed.François Maspero,1975), tome I, chapter VI, "Le Procès des Trente. Fin d'une époque",pp.251-261
- ^"Voluntarism".The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition.Houghton Mifflin Company.Archived fromthe originalon 2009-02-08.Retrieved2008-09-18.
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