Jump to content

Greater Boston

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Greater Boston
Combined Statistical Area
Boston in July 2015
Bostonin July 2015
Map
Interactive Map of Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA–RI–NHCSA
CountryUnited States
StateMassachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Principal cities
Population
(2020)
• Total8,466,186 (CSA)
4,941,632 (MSA)
• Rank
GDP
[1]
• Boston (MSA)$571.7 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−5(EST)
• Summer (DST)UTC−4(EDT)
Area code(s)617,781,857,339,978,508,351,774,603,401

Greater Bostonis themetropolitan regionofNew Englandencompassing the municipality ofBoston,the capital of theU.S. stateofMassachusettsand the most populous city in New England, and its surrounding areas. The most stringent definition of the region consists of most of the eastern third of mainland Massachusetts, excluding theMerrimack Valleyand most ofSoutheastern Massachusetts,though most definitions (including the US Census definition) include much of these areas and portions of southernNew Hampshire.[2]

While the city of Boston covers 48.4 square miles (125 km2) and has 675,647 residents as of the 2020 census, the urbanization has extended well into surrounding areas and the Combined Statistical Area (CSA in the rest of the document), which includes theProvidence, Rhode Island,Manchester, New Hampshire,Cape CodandWorcesterareas, has a population of more than 8.4 million people, making it one of the most populous such regions in the U.S.

Some of Greater Boston's most well-known contributions involve the region'shigher educationand medical institutions. Greater Boston has been influential upon Americanhistoryandindustry.The region and the state of Massachusetts are global leaders inbiotechnology,artificial intelligence,[2]engineering,higher education,finance,andmaritime trade.[3]

Greater Boston isranked tenth in population among US metropolitan statistical areas,home to 4,941,632 people as of the2020 United States Census,andsixth among combined statistical areas,with a population of 8,466,186. The area has hosted many people and sites significant toAmerican cultureand history, particularlyAmerican literature,[4]politics,and theAmerican Revolution.

Plymouthwas the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by thePilgrims,passengers of theMayflower.In 1692, the town ofSalemand surrounding areas experienced one of America's most infamous cases ofmass hysteria,theSalem witch trials.[5]In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the "Cradle of Liberty"[6]for the agitation there that led to theAmerican Revolution.

The Greater Boston region has played a powerful scientific, commercial, and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before theAmerican Civil War,the region was a center for theabolitionist,temperance,[7]andtranscendentalist[8]movements.[9]In 2004, Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognizesame-sex marriageas a result ofthe decisionof theMassachusetts Supreme Judicial Courtin Boston.[10]Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the Boston region, including theAdamsandKennedyfamilies.

Harvard UniversityinCambridgeisthe oldest institution of higher learning in the United States,[11]with the largestfinancial endowmentof any university,[12]and whoseLaw Schoolhas spawned a contemporaneous majority ofUnited States Supreme CourtJustices.[13]Kendall Squarein Cambridge has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet", in reference to the high concentration ofentrepreneurialstart-upsand quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010.[14][15]Both Harvard University and theMassachusetts Institute of Technology,also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regardedacademic institutionsin the world.[16]

Geography[edit]

Boundary definitions[edit]

Metropolitan Area[edit]

The most restrictive definition of the Greater Boston area is the region administered by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council.[17]The MAPC is a regional planning organization created by theMassachusetts legislatureto oversee transportation infrastructure and economic development concerns in the Boston area. The MAPC includes 101 cities and towns that are grouped into eight subregions. These include most of the area within the region's outer circumferential highway,I-495.In 2013, the population of the MAPC district was 3.2 million, which was 48% of the total population of Massachusetts,[18]in an area of 1,422 square miles (3,680 km2),[17]of which 39% is forested and an additional 11% is water, wetland, or other open space.[19]

The cities and towns included in this definitions are:[20]

Metropolitan Area[edit]

Two definitions are used by theUnited States Censusto define theBoston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metro AreaorBoston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan NECTA,which is defined as aNew England City and Town Area.[21][22]The metro area definition is based on counties, while the NECTA definition is based on city and town boundaries. Counties included in the county-based definition include:[21]

The NECTA definition includes all of the communities from the MAPC definition, as well as theMerrimack Valleycommunities, parts of southernNew Hampshire(northward toMilfordandHampton,and theTauntonarea.

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1850650,357—
1860830,99827.8%
1870978,34617.7%
18801,205,43923.2%
18901,515,68425.7%
19001,890,12224.7%
19102,260,76219.6%
19202,563,12313.4%
19302,866,56711.8%
19402,926,6502.1%
19503,186,9708.9%
19603,516,43510.3%
19703,918,09211.4%
19803,938,5850.5%
19904,133,8955.0%
20004,391,3446.2%
20104,552,4023.7%
20204,941,6328.5%
2022 (est.)4,900,550−0.8%
US Decennial Census
CambridgeandBostonwithMITandKendall Squarein the foreground and Boston'sFinancial Districtin the background

Combined Statistical Area[edit]

The widest definition of the metropolitan area based on commuting patterns, is defined by the U.S. Census as theBoston–Worcester–Providence combined statistical area.This area consists of the following counties in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire:[23]

Downtown Providence,Rhode Islandin 2008

The total population for the extended region was estimated at 8,466,186 at the 2020 census.[citation needed]

Subregions[edit]

Climate[edit]

The Boston area hashumid continental climates(DfaandDfbunder theKöppen climate classificationsystem), with highhumidityandprecipitationyear-round.

Climate data forConcord Municipal Airport,New Hampshire (1991−2020 normals,[a]extremes 1868–present)[b]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 72
(22) 		74
(23) 		89
(32) 		95
(35) 		98
(37) 		101
(38) 		102
(39) 		101
(38) 		98
(37) 		92
(33) 		80
(27) 		73
(23) 		102
(39)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 52.4
(11.3) 		54.3
(12.4) 		65.6
(18.7) 		81.6
(27.6) 		89.6
(32.0) 		92.8
(33.8) 		93.8
(34.3) 		92.4
(33.6) 		89.0
(31.7) 		79.0
(26.1) 		68.6
(20.3) 		56.9
(13.8) 		96.1
(35.6)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 31.6
(−0.2) 		34.8
(1.6) 		43.6
(6.4) 		57.5
(14.2) 		69.3
(20.7) 		77.8
(25.4) 		83.0
(28.3) 		81.7
(27.6) 		73.7
(23.2) 		60.9
(16.1) 		48.4
(9.1) 		37.1
(2.8) 		58.3
(14.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 22.3
(−5.4) 		24.7
(−4.1) 		33.4
(0.8) 		45.4
(7.4) 		56.7
(13.7) 		65.8
(18.8) 		71.1
(21.7) 		69.5
(20.8) 		61.4
(16.3) 		49.3
(9.6) 		38.6
(3.7) 		28.3
(−2.1) 		47.2
(8.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 12.9
(−10.6) 		14.7
(−9.6) 		23.3
(−4.8) 		33.3
(0.7) 		44.1
(6.7) 		53.7
(12.1) 		59.2
(15.1) 		57.2
(14.0) 		49.0
(9.4) 		37.8
(3.2) 		28.7
(−1.8) 		19.5
(−6.9) 		36.1
(2.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −9.2
(−22.9) 		−7.2
(−21.8) 		1.6
(−16.9) 		19.2
(−7.1) 		29.2
(−1.6) 		39.0
(3.9) 		47.1
(8.4) 		44.1
(6.7) 		32.1
(0.1) 		22.1
(−5.5) 		11.8
(−11.2) 		−0.9
(−18.3) 		−12.4
(−24.7)
Record low °F (°C) −35
(−37) 		−37
(−38) 		−20
(−29) 		4
(−16) 		21
(−6) 		26
(−3) 		33
(1) 		29
(−2) 		20
(−7) 		10
(−12) 		−17
(−27) 		−24
(−31) 		−37
(−38)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 2.80
(71) 		2.75
(70) 		3.28
(83) 		3.43
(87) 		3.47
(88) 		3.77
(96) 		3.62
(92) 		3.63
(92) 		3.63
(92) 		4.43
(113) 		3.44
(87) 		3.70
(94) 		41.95
(1,066)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 17.1
(43) 		16.9
(43) 		13.6
(35) 		2.5
(6.4) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.8
(2.0) 		2.5
(6.4) 		14.3
(36) 		67.7
(172)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 11.9
(30) 		15.3
(39) 		13.9
(35) 		4.0
(10) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.6
(1.5) 		2.0
(5.1) 		9.1
(23) 		19.8
(50)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) 11.2 10.0 11.5 11.4 12.4 12.8 10.9 9.9 9.3 10.6 10.8 12.0 132.8
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) 8.1 7.6 5.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.6 6.3 30.3
Averagerelative humidity(%) 67.9 66.0 64.8 62.0 65.0 70.9 71.8 74.5 76.3 72.8 73.3 72.3 69.8
Averagedew point°F (°C) 10.2
(−12.1) 		12.0
(−11.1) 		20.8
(−6.2) 		29.8
(−1.2) 		42.1
(5.6) 		53.8
(12.1) 		58.8
(14.9) 		57.9
(14.4) 		50.5
(10.3) 		38.3
(3.5) 		28.8
(−1.8) 		16.7
(−8.5) 		35.0
(1.7)
Mean monthlysunshine hours 162.8 171.8 210.5 223.2 258.4 274.3 295.8 261.9 214.7 183.4 127.8 134.8 2,519.4
Percentpossible sunshine 56 58 57 56 57 60 64 61 57 54 44 48 56
Averageultraviolet index 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 7 6 3 2 1 5
Source 1:NOAA(relative humidity, dew points and sun 1961–1990)[24][25][26]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[27]
Climate data for Boston, Massachusetts (Logan Airport), 1991−2020 normals,[c]extremes 1872−present[d]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 74
(23) 		73
(23) 		89
(32) 		94
(34) 		97
(36) 		100
(38) 		104
(40) 		102
(39) 		102
(39) 		90
(32) 		83
(28) 		76
(24) 		104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 58.3
(14.6) 		57.9
(14.4) 		67.0
(19.4) 		79.9
(26.6) 		88.1
(31.2) 		92.2
(33.4) 		95.0
(35.0) 		93.7
(34.3) 		88.9
(31.6) 		79.6
(26.4) 		70.2
(21.2) 		61.2
(16.2) 		96.4
(35.8)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 36.8
(2.7) 		39.0
(3.9) 		45.5
(7.5) 		56.4
(13.6) 		66.5
(19.2) 		76.2
(24.6) 		82.1
(27.8) 		80.4
(26.9) 		73.1
(22.8) 		62.1
(16.7) 		51.6
(10.9) 		42.2
(5.7) 		59.3
(15.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.9
(−1.2) 		31.8
(−0.1) 		38.3
(3.5) 		48.6
(9.2) 		58.4
(14.7) 		68.0
(20.0) 		74.1
(23.4) 		72.7
(22.6) 		65.6
(18.7) 		54.8
(12.7) 		44.7
(7.1) 		35.7
(2.1) 		51.9
(11.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 23.1
(−4.9) 		24.6
(−4.1) 		31.1
(−0.5) 		40.8
(4.9) 		50.3
(10.2) 		59.7
(15.4) 		66.0
(18.9) 		65.1
(18.4) 		58.2
(14.6) 		47.5
(8.6) 		37.9
(3.3) 		29.2
(−1.6) 		44.5
(6.9)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 4.8
(−15.1) 		8.3
(−13.2) 		15.6
(−9.1) 		31.0
(−0.6) 		41.2
(5.1) 		49.7
(9.8) 		58.6
(14.8) 		57.7
(14.3) 		46.7
(8.2) 		35.1
(1.7) 		24.4
(−4.2) 		13.1
(−10.5) 		2.6
(−16.3)
Record low °F (°C) −13
(−25) 		−18
(−28) 		−8
(−22) 		11
(−12) 		31
(−1) 		41
(5) 		50
(10) 		46
(8) 		34
(1) 		25
(−4) 		−2
(−19) 		−17
(−27) 		−18
(−28)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 3.39
(86) 		3.21
(82) 		4.17
(106) 		3.63
(92) 		3.25
(83) 		3.89
(99) 		3.27
(83) 		3.23
(82) 		3.56
(90) 		4.03
(102) 		3.66
(93) 		4.30
(109) 		43.59
(1,107)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 14.3
(36) 		14.4
(37) 		9.0
(23) 		1.6
(4.1) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0.7
(1.8) 		9.0
(23) 		49.2
(125)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) 11.8 10.6 11.6 11.6 11.8 10.9 9.4 9.0 9.0 10.5 10.3 11.9 128.4
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) 6.6 6.2 4.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 4.2 23.0
Averagerelative humidity(%) 62.3 62.0 63.1 63.0 66.7 68.5 68.4 70.8 71.8 68.5 67.5 65.4 66.5
Averagedew point°F (°C) 16.5
(−8.6) 		17.6
(−8.0) 		25.2
(−3.8) 		33.6
(0.9) 		45.0
(7.2) 		55.2
(12.9) 		61.0
(16.1) 		60.4
(15.8) 		53.8
(12.1) 		42.8
(6.0) 		33.4
(0.8) 		22.1
(−5.5) 		38.9
(3.8)
Mean monthlysunshine hours 163.4 168.4 213.7 227.2 267.3 286.5 300.9 277.3 237.1 206.3 143.2 142.3 2,633.6
Percentpossible sunshine 56 57 58 57 59 63 65 64 63 60 49 50 59
Averageultraviolet index 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961−1990)[29][30][31]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)[32]
Climate data for Boston, Massachusetts
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °F (°C) 41.3
(5.2) 		38.1
(3.4) 		38.4
(3.5) 		43.1
(6.2) 		49.2
(9.5) 		58.4
(14.7) 		65.7
(18.7) 		67.9
(20.0) 		64.8
(18.2) 		59.4
(15.3) 		52.3
(11.3) 		46.6
(8.2) 		52.1
(11.2)
Source: Weather Atlas[32]
Climate data for Providence, Rhode Island (T. F. Green Airport), 1991–2020 normals,[e]extremes 1904–present[f]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 70
(21) 		72
(22) 		90
(32) 		98
(37) 		96
(36) 		98
(37) 		102
(39) 		104
(40) 		100
(38) 		88
(31) 		81
(27) 		77
(25) 		104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 58.7
(14.8) 		57.9
(14.4) 		67.1
(19.5) 		79.3
(26.3) 		87.2
(30.7) 		91.5
(33.1) 		94.8
(34.9) 		92.7
(33.7) 		87.6
(30.9) 		78.9
(26.1) 		70.1
(21.2) 		61.5
(16.4) 		96.6
(35.9)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 38.3
(3.5) 		40.5
(4.7) 		47.7
(8.7) 		58.9
(14.9) 		68.9
(20.5) 		77.7
(25.4) 		83.6
(28.7) 		82.2
(27.9) 		74.8
(23.8) 		63.8
(17.7) 		53.2
(11.8) 		43.4
(6.3) 		61.1
(16.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 30.2
(−1.0) 		32.0
(0.0) 		38.9
(3.8) 		49.3
(9.6) 		59.1
(15.1) 		68.2
(20.1) 		74.4
(23.6) 		73.0
(22.8) 		65.6
(18.7) 		54.4
(12.4) 		44.5
(6.9) 		35.5
(1.9) 		52.1
(11.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 22.1
(−5.5) 		23.5
(−4.7) 		30.2
(−1.0) 		39.6
(4.2) 		49.2
(9.6) 		58.8
(14.9) 		65.2
(18.4) 		63.9
(17.7) 		56.5
(13.6) 		45.1
(7.3) 		35.8
(2.1) 		27.6
(−2.4) 		43.1
(6.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 4.1
(−15.5) 		7.4
(−13.7) 		15.1
(−9.4) 		28.5
(−1.9) 		38.1
(3.4) 		47.2
(8.4) 		56.2
(13.4) 		54.3
(12.4) 		43.1
(6.2) 		31.7
(−0.2) 		21.8
(−5.7) 		12.3
(−10.9) 		2.0
(−16.7)
Record low °F (°C) −13
(−25) 		−17
(−27) 		1
(−17) 		11
(−12) 		29
(−2) 		39
(4) 		48
(9) 		40
(4) 		32
(0) 		20
(−7) 		6
(−14) 		−12
(−24) 		−17
(−27)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 3.96
(101) 		3.44
(87) 		4.90
(124) 		4.29
(109) 		3.37
(86) 		3.81
(97) 		2.91
(74) 		3.59
(91) 		4.17
(106) 		4.18
(106) 		4.27
(108) 		4.65
(118) 		47.54
(1,208)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 10.3
(26) 		10.5
(27) 		6.4
(16) 		0.6
(1.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		1.0
(2.5) 		7.6
(19) 		36.6
(93)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) 11.2 10.3 11.6 11.7 12.2 10.8 9.3 9.1 9.1 10.2 9.6 11.9 127.0
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) 5.7 5.4 3.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 3.4 19.3
Averagerelative humidity(%) 63.9 63.0 62.9 61.4 66.6 70.1 71.0 72.5 73.0 70.2 68.9 67.0 67.5
Averagedew point°F (°C) 16.3
(−8.7) 		17.4
(−8.1) 		25.0
(−3.9) 		33.1
(0.6) 		45.0
(7.2) 		55.6
(13.1) 		61.5
(16.4) 		61.0
(16.1) 		53.8
(12.1) 		42.6
(5.9) 		33.3
(0.7) 		22.1
(−5.5) 		38.9
(3.8)
Mean monthlysunshine hours 171.7 172.6 215.6 225.1 254.9 274.1 290.6 262.8 233.0 208.7 148.0 148.6 2,605.7
Percentpossible sunshine 58 58 58 56 57 60 63 61 62 61 50 52 58
Averageultraviolet index 1 2 4 6 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5
Source 1:NOAA(relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)[34][35][36]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[37]
Climate data for Providence
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °F (°C) 41.4
(5.2) 		38.1
(3.4) 		38.7
(3.8) 		44.1
(6.7) 		50.9
(10.5) 		59.6
(15.3) 		67.0
(19.4) 		69.3
(20.7) 		66.7
(19.3) 		61.6
(16.4) 		54.2
(12.3) 		47.7
(8.8) 		53.3
(11.8)
Source: Weather Atlas[37]


Demographics[edit]

St. Patrick's Day ParadeinScituate, Massachusetts,inPlymouth County,the municipality with the highest percentage identifyingIrishancestry in the United States, at 47.5% in 2010.[38]Irish Americansconstitute the largest ethnicity in Greater Boston.
Boston's Chinatown,with itspaifanggate, is home to manyChineseand alsoVietnameserestaurants.
Bostongay pridemarch, held annually in June

Greater Boston has a sizable Jewish community, estimated at between 210,000 people,[39][40]and 261,000[41]or 5–6% of the Greater Boston metro population, compared with about 2% for the nation as a whole. Contrary to national trends, the number of Jews in Greater Boston has been growing, fueled by the fact that 60% of children in Jewish mixed-faith families are raised Jewish, compared with roughly one in three nationally.[39]

The City of Boston also has one of the largestLGBTpopulations per capita. It ranks fifth of all major cities in the country (behindSan Francisco,and slightly behindSeattle,Atlanta,andMinneapolis), with 12.3% of the city identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[42]

County 2021 Estimate 2020 Census Change Area Density
Middlesex County, Massachusetts 1,614,742 1,632,002 −1.06% 817.82 sq mi (2,118.1 km2) 1,974/sq mi (762/km2)
Essex County, Massachusetts 807,074 809,829 −0.34% 492.56 sq mi (1,275.7 km2) 1,639/sq mi (633/km2)
Suffolk County, Massachusetts 771,245 797,936 −3.35% 58.15 sq mi (150.6 km2) 13,263/sq mi (5,121/km2)
Norfolk County, Massachusetts 724,505 725,981 −0.20% 396.11 sq mi (1,025.9 km2) 1,829/sq mi (706/km2)
Plymouth County, Massachusetts 533,003 530,819 +0.41% 659.07 sq mi (1,707.0 km2) 809/sq mi (312/km2)
Rockingham County, New Hampshire 316,947 314,176 +0.88% 694.72 sq mi (1,799.3 km2) 456/sq mi (176/km2)
Strafford County, New Hampshire 132,416 130,889 +1.17% 368.97 sq mi (955.6 km2) 359/sq mi (139/km2)
Total 4,899,932 4,941,642 −0.84% 3,487.40 sq mi (9,032.3 km2) 1,405/sq mi (542/km2)

The 40 most diverse Census tracts in the Boston CSA:[43]

The 40 census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Hispanic or Latino:[43]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Black American:[43]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Asian American:[43]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Irish American:[44]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Italian American:[45]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Portuguese American:[46]

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with French or French Canadian listed as first ancestry:[47]

Largest cities and towns[edit]

Cities and towns with a population over 50,000 as of the2020 censusinclude:[48][49][50][51][52]

State capital
State largest city
Rank Name State Population (2020) Population (2010) Change
1. Boston Massachusetts 675,647 617,594 +9.40%
2. Worcester 206,518 181,045 +14.07%
3. Providence Rhode Island 190,934 178,042 +7.24%
4. Cambridge Massachusetts 118,403 105,162 +12.59%
5. Manchester New Hampshire 115,644 109,565 +5.55%
6. Lowell Massachusetts 115,554 106,519 +8.48%
7. Brockton 105,643 93,810 +12.61%
8. Quincy 101,636 92,271 +10.15%
9. Lynn 101,253 90,329 +12.09%
10. New Bedford 101,079 95,072 +6.32%
11. Fall River 94,000 88,857 +5.79%
12. Nashua New Hampshire 91,322 86,494 +5.58%
13. Lawrence Massachusetts 89,143 76,377 +16.71%
14. Newton 88,923 85,146 +4.44%
15. Cranston Rhode Island 82,934 80,387 +3.17%
16. Warwick 82,823 82,672 +0.18%
17. Somerville Massachusetts 81,045 75,754 +6.98%
18. Pawtucket Rhode Island 75,604 71,148 +6.26%
19. Framingham Massachusetts 72,362 68,318 +5.92%
20. Haverhill 67,787 60,879 +11.35%
21. Malden 66,263 59,450 +11.46%
22. Waltham 65,218 60,632 +7.56%
23. Brookline 63,191 58,732 +7.59%
24. Revere 62,186 51,755 +20.15%
25. Plymouth 61,217 56,468 +8.41%
26. Medford 59,659 56,173 +6.21%
27. Taunton 59,408 55,874 +6.32%
28. Weymouth 57,437 53,743 +6.87%
29. Peabody 54,481 51,251 +6.30%
30. Methuen 53,059 47,255 +12.28%

Education[edit]

See also:Boston, Massachusetts § Education;List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston;andList of colleges and universities in Massachusetts
Harvard University, a leading global university, is located in Cambridge, MA in Greater Boston

A long established center of higher education, the area includes many community colleges, two-year schools, and internationally prominent undergraduate and graduate institutions. The graduate schools include highly regarded schools of law, medicine, business, technology, international relations, public health, education, and religion. Greater Boston contains sevenR1 Research Institutionsas per theCarnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.This is, by far, the highest number of such institutions in a singleMetropolitan Statistical Areain theUnited States.

Economy[edit]

Major companies[edit]

References:[53][54][55][56]

Transportation[edit]

See also:Transportation in Boston

Interstates[edit]

U.S. Routes[edit]

State Highways[edit]

Bridges and tunnels[edit]

Airports[edit]

Rail and bus[edit]

The MBTA district, with Commuter Rail lines in purple

The first railway line in the United States was in Quincy. SeeNeponset River.

The following Regional Transit Authorities have bus service that connects with MBTA commuter rail stations:

Ocean transportation[edit]

The Salem Ferry, 92 ft.Catamaranis photographed approaching its dock off Blaney Street at theSalem Maritime National Historic SiteinSalem,Massachusetts,United States.

Sports[edit]

Main article:Sports in Boston
Club Sport League Stadium Established League titles
Boston Bruins Ice hockey National Hockey League TD Garden(Boston) 1924 6Stanley Cups
7Eastern ConferenceTitles
Boston Celtics Basketball National Basketball Association TD Garden(Boston) 1946 18NBA Championships
23Eastern ConferenceTitles
Boston Red Sox Baseball Major League Baseball Fenway Park(Boston) 1901 9MLBWorld SeriesChampionships
14 American League Pennants
New England Patriots Football National Football League Gillette Stadium(Foxboro) 1960 6Super BowlChampionships
11AFC Championships
New England Revolution Soccer Major League Soccer Gillette Stadium(Foxboro) 1996 1US Open Cup
1Supporters' Shield
New England Free Jacks Rugby union Major League Rugby Veterans Memorial Stadium(Quincy) 2018 1MLRChampionship

Annual sporting eventsinclude:

TheGreater Boston League,a high school athletic conference in Massachusetts.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^Official records for Concord were kept at downtown from September 1868 to April 1941 and at Concord Municipal Airport since May 1941; snow records date from December 1942. For more information, seeThreadEx
  3. ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  4. ^Official records for Boston were kept at downtown from January 1872 to December 1935, and at Logan Airport (KBOS) since January 1936.[28]
  5. ^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  6. ^Official records for Providence kept at downtown from November 1904 to May 1932 and at T. F. Green Airport since June 1932.[33]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Total Real Gross Domestic Product for Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (MSA)".Federal Reserve Economic Data.Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
  2. ^ab"Why Boston Will Be the Star of The AI Revolution".VentureFizz. October 24, 2017.RetrievedNovember 9,2023.Boston startups are working to overcome some of the largest technical barriers holding AI back, and they're attracting attention across a wide variety of industries in the process.
  3. ^"Housing and Economic Development:Key Industries".mass.gov.Archived fromthe originalon April 22, 2015.RetrievedMay 9,2016.
  4. ^Will Joyner (April 9, 1999)."Where Literary Legends Took Shape Around Boston".The New York Times.RetrievedMay 9,2016.
  5. ^"The 1692 Salem Witch Trials".SalemWitchTrialsMuseum.RetrievedMay 9,2016.
  6. ^"Faneuil Hall".Celebrateboston.RetrievedApril 21,2015.
  7. ^"The Temperance Issue in the Election of 1840: Massachusetts".Teachushistory.org.RetrievedMay 9,2016.
  8. ^Packer, Barbara (2007).The Transcendentalists.University of Georgia Press; First edition (April 25, 2007).ISBN978-0820329581.
  9. ^"Images of the Antislavery Movement in Massachusetts".Massachusetts Historical Society.RetrievedMay 9,2016.
  10. ^"Massachusetts court strikes down ban on same-sex marriage".CNN.Reuters. November 18, 2003.RetrievedApril 21,2015.
  11. ^"History of Harvard University".Harvard University.Archived fromthe originalon May 2, 2015.RetrievedApril 21,2015.
  12. ^Tamar Lewin (January 28, 2015)."Harvard's Endowment Remains Biggest of All".The New York Times.RetrievedMay 9,2016.
  13. ^Richard Wolf (March 16, 2016)."Meet Merrick Garland, Obama's Supreme Court nominee".USA Today.RetrievedMay 9,2016.
  14. ^"Kendall Square Initiative".MIT.RetrievedDecember 1,2016.
  15. ^Lelund Cheung."When a neighborhood is crowned the most innovative square mile in the world, how do you keep it that way?".Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC.RetrievedDecember 1,2016.
  16. ^"World Reputation Rankings".timeshighereducation.April 21, 2016.RetrievedMay 9,2016.
  17. ^ab"About MAPC".Metropolitan Area Planning Council. Archived fromthe originalon February 21, 2007.RetrievedMay 14,2007.
  18. ^"Metropolitan Area Planning Council Strategic Plan 2015–2020"(PDF).Metropolitan Area Planning Council. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 11, 2016.RetrievedApril 22,2017.
  19. ^"Transportation Plan – Overview".Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2009. Archived fromthe originalon August 29, 2008.RetrievedSeptember 27,2009.
  20. ^"Metro Area - the Region".Archived fromthe originalon February 21, 2007.
  21. ^ab"Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metro Area".data.census.gov.RetrievedApril 8,2024.
  22. ^"Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan NECTA".censusreporter.org.Archived fromthe originalon July 30, 2023.RetrievedApril 8,2024.
  23. ^"Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area"(PDF).census.gov.RetrievedApril 8,2024.
  24. ^"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMay 18,2021.
  25. ^"Station: CONCORD MUNI AP, NH".U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020).National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon July 10, 2023.RetrievedMay 18,2021.
  26. ^"WMO Climate Normals for CONCORD MUNICIPAL AP, NH 1961–1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon July 10, 2023.RetrievedMarch 11,2014.
  27. ^"Concord, New Hampshire, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data".Weather Atlas.RetrievedJuly 4,2019.
  28. ^ThreadEx
  29. ^"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMay 4,2021.
  30. ^"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMay 24,2021.
  31. ^"WMO Climate Normals for BOSTON/LOGAN INT'L AIRPORT, MA 1961–1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedJuly 18,2020.
  32. ^ab"Boston, Massachusetts, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data".Weather Atlas.RetrievedJuly 4,2019.
  33. ^ThreadEx
  34. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedMay 30,2021.
  35. ^ "Station: Providence T F Green AP, RI".U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020).National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon June 24, 2023.RetrievedMay 30,2021.
  36. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for PROVIDENCE/GREEN STATE, RI 1961–1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon June 24, 2023.RetrievedSeptember 17,2020.
  37. ^ab "Providence, Rhode Island, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data".Weather Atlas.RetrievedJuly 4,2019.
  38. ^Jane Walsh (November 25, 2015)."The most Irish town in America is named using US census data".Irish Central.RetrievedMay 8,2016.
  39. ^abMichael Paulson (November 10, 2006)."Jewish population in region rises".The Boston Globe.RetrievedNovember 29,2009.
  40. ^"Cities with the Largest Jewish Population in the Diaspora".adherents. Archived from the original on December 6, 1999.RetrievedNovember 29,2009.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  41. ^"Metro Area Membership Report".The Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived fromthe originalon February 23, 2012.RetrievedNovember 29,2009.
  42. ^"12.9% in Seattle are gay or bisexual, second only to S.F., study says".The Seattle Times.The Seattle Times Company. 2006.RetrievedMay 1,2009.
  43. ^abcd"Mapping the 2010 U.S. Census".The New York Times.December 13, 2010.
  44. ^"Irish as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176".Usa.RetrievedJanuary 4,2015.
  45. ^"Italian as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176".Usa.RetrievedJanuary 4,2015.
  46. ^"Welcome to nginx".usa.Archived fromthe originalon October 1, 2014.RetrievedFebruary 2,2022.
  47. ^"French as First Ancestry Population Percentage Rank of Census Tract within 100 miles of Zip Code 02176".Usa.RetrievedJanuary 4,2015.
  48. ^"Explore Census Data".U.S. Census Bureau.RetrievedFebruary 3,2022.
  49. ^"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (DP-1): Connecticut".American Factfinder.U.S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedDecember 18,2018.
  50. ^"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (DP-1): Massachusetts".American Factfinder.U.S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedDecember 18,2018.
  51. ^"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (DP-1): New Hampshire".American Factfinder.U.S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedDecember 18,2018.
  52. ^"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (DP-1): Rhode Island".American Factfinder.U.S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon February 13, 2020.RetrievedDecember 18,2018.
  53. ^"2009 Globe 100 – Top Massachusetts-based employers".The Boston Globe.January 19, 2010. Archived fromthe originalon May 22, 2009.
  54. ^[1]ArchivedMarch 10, 2009, at theWayback Machine
  55. ^"Top Companies in Massachusetts on the Inc. 5000 - Inc".Inc.RetrievedJanuary 4,2015.
  56. ^[2]ArchivedOctober 10, 2007, at theWayback Machine
  57. ^"Who We Are & About Us - Vistaprint".News.vistaprint.Archived fromthe originalon October 18, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 4,2015.
  58. ^Goodison, Donna (July 20, 2016)."Wolverine strides into Waltham".Boston Herald.RetrievedMay 17,2022.

Further reading[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide forGreater Boston.
  • Wilson, Susan (2005).The Literary Trail of Greater Boston: A Tour of Sites in Boston, Cambridge, and Concord, Revised Edition.Commonwealth Editions.ISBN1-889833-67-3.An informative guidebook, with facts and data about literary figures, publishers, bookstores, libraries, and other historic sites on the newly designated Literary Trail of Greater Boston.
  • Warner, Sam Jr. (2001).Greater Boston: Adapting Regional Traditions to the Present.University of Pennsylvania Press.ISBN0-8122-1769-1.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_Boston&oldid=1234137330"