Malang metropolitan area
Malang metropolitan area
Malang Raya | |
|---|---|
 Malang cityscape at dusk | |
| Coordinates:8°00′S112°37′E/ 8.000°S 112.617°E | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Province |  East Java |
| Core city | Malang |
| Satellite city | Batu |
| Regencies | Malang Regency |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,835.9 km2(1,481.0 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate[1]) | |
| • Total | 3,801,089 |
| • Density | 990/km2(2,600/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Arek Malang or Arema[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+7(Indonesia Western Time) |
| Area code | (+62) 341 |
| Vehicle sign | N |
| GDPmetro | 2023[3] |
| - Total |  Rp241.950 trillionUS$15.873 billionUS$50.837 billion (PPP) |
| - Per capita | Rp63.653 millionUS$4,176US$13,374 (PPP) |
| Highest elevation3,676 m/12,060 ft (Semeru,inMalang Regency) | |
Greater Malang(Indonesian:Malang Raya) is a region inEast Java,Indonesia,encompassing the municipality ofMalangand its hinterland. About 3 million people in East Java reside in Greater Malang. The principal city, Malang is well known as the home of notable universities in Indonesia,[4]and the nearbyBatu(now also an independent city), is well known as a tourism centre in East Java.[5]
History
[edit]Karesidenan Malang
[edit]In theDutch colonial era,Greater Malang was aresidency,an old form of second-tiersubdivision,calledKaresidenan Malang(MalangResidency),consisting of four cities (Malang,Batu,Pasuruan,Probolinggo) and four regencies (Malang Regency,Pasuruan Regency,Probolinggo Regency,Lumajang Regency).[6][7]But now, the definition of Greater Malang just consists of the Malang highlands area, namely Malang city, Batu city, and Malang Regency, together with one district (kecamatanPurwodadi) of Pasuruan Regency.[8]Even this is excessive, as parts of Malang Regency - the 9 districts in the south (bordering the south coast of East Java) and the 3 districts lying west of Batu city - are not part of the Malang Valley urbanisation. The component parts are tabled below, with their areas, their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, and the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1]
Demography
[edit]| Administrative
division |
Area
(km2) |
Pop'n 2010 Census |
Pop'n 2020 Census |
Pop'n mod 2023 estimate |
Density per km2 mid 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MalangCity | 111.08 | 820,043 | 843,810 | 865,271 | 7,789.62 |
| BatuCity | 194.17 | 190,184 | 213,046 | 220,193 | 1,134.02 |
| Malang Regency | 3,530.65 | 2,446,218 | 2,654,448 | 2,715,624 | 769.16 |
| Greater Malang | 3,835.90 | 3,456,445 | 3,711,304 | 3,801,089 | 990.93 |
Sources:Statistics Indonesia[1]
Geography
[edit]Greater Malang is located in the middle of East Java, and the eastern part of the region includes theEastern salient of Javaregion. The region covers over 2,337 km2.
The eastern section of Greater Malang, among Java's most rugged regions, isolates the eastern salient from Java's central heartland to its west.[9]TheTengger massif(includingMount Bromo), andMount Semeru,Java's highest peak, lie in this section.[9]The western area of this region is also a mountainous region, includingArjuno-WelirangandKawi-Butak.However, those parts of the Regency to the south of Greater Malang are just a lower elevation plain, with the southern coast bordering theIndian Oceanand smallkarsthills below 1000 metres.[10]
Climate
[edit]While most parts of the region are plateau or highlands (except the southern area), the climate of Greater Malang is milder than the rest of Indonesia. In middle of year, mountainous area of Greater Malang over 2000 metres above sea level, is dry winter withlight snowandfrost,which means the temperature always below zero Celsius during late night until morning, especially the light snow is commonly visible inBromo Tengger Semeru National Park.[11]
| Climate data forMalang,East Java,Indonesia(elevation 450 m or 1,480 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.5 (83.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.8 (85.6) |
30.2 (86.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
29.0 (84.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.7 (74.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
17.5 (63.5) |
18.5 (65.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
18.5 (65.4) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 334 (13.1) |
307 (12.1) |
292 (11.5) |
173 (6.8) |
132 (5.2) |
77 (3.0) |
47 (1.9) |
26 (1.0) |
43 (1.7) |
106 (4.2) |
225 (8.9) |
326 (12.8) |
2,088 (82.2) |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 81.7 | 82.3 | 82.2 | 79.2 | 79.8 | 77.3 | 75.1 | 72.9 | 70.9 | 70.9 | 74.4 | 79.1 | 77.1 |
| Source 1: Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)[12] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weatherbase (humidity)[13] | |||||||||||||
According to theKöppen-Geiger climate classification,the climate ofMalangcity istropical monsoon(Am).
| Climate data for Tulungrejo, Bumiaji,Batu(elevation 1,200 m or 3,900 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.4 (70.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.7 (69.3) |
21 (70) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
16.2 (61.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
14.1 (57.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
12 (54) |
13.1 (55.6) |
14 (57) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 406 (16.0) |
353 (13.9) |
395 (15.6) |
242 (9.5) |
176 (6.9) |
81 (3.2) |
52 (2.0) |
35 (1.4) |
46 (1.8) |
130 (5.1) |
282 (11.1) |
385 (15.2) |
2,583 (101.7) |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 81.7 | 82.3 | 82.2 | 79.2 | 79.8 | 77.3 | 75.1 | 72.9 | 70.9 | 70.9 | 74.4 | 79.1 | 77.1 |
| Source 1: Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)[14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weatherbase (humidity)[15] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Ngadas,Malang Regency(elevation 2,071 m or 6,795 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
18 (64) |
18.5 (65.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.1 (64.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.9 (58.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.1 (57.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) |
10.8 (51.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
8.2 (46.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
11 (52) |
10.9 (51.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 297 (11.7) |
328 (12.9) |
347 (13.7) |
182 (7.2) |
108 (4.3) |
63 (2.5) |
31 (1.2) |
15 (0.6) |
20 (0.8) |
79 (3.1) |
159 (6.3) |
319 (12.6) |
1,948 (76.9) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)[16] | |||||||||||||
According to theKöppen-Geiger climate classification,the climate ofBatucity and Upper Greater Malang over 1000 metres above sea level classified assubtropical highland variety(Cwb).
Panoramas
[edit]
See also
[edit]
- List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia
- Jakarta metropolitan area
- Surabaya metropolitan area
- Bandung metropolitan area
- Semarang metropolitan area
- Padang metropolitan area
References
[edit]- ^abcBadan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024,Kabupaten Malang Dalam Angka 2024(Katalog-BPS 1102001.3507)
- ^"Arti kata Arema – Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online".artikata.simomot.Archived fromthe originalon 16 September 2018.Retrieved8 October2018.
- ^Gross Regional Domestic Product of Regencies/Municipalities in Indonesia 2019-2023.Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 2024.
- ^"Malang – Merdeka | Malang sebagai kota pendidikan sejak masa Hindia Belanda".malang.merdeka.Retrieved24 April2019.
- ^Pemerintah Kota Batu."Sejarah Kota Batu".batukota.go.id.Retrieved24 April2019.
- ^"Sejarah Kota Malang (3) Kota Kolonial Berawal dari Loji".Cendana News(in Indonesian). 1 January 2017. Archived fromthe originalon 14 September 2022.Retrieved24 April2019.
- ^nGalamediaLABS."Pemerintahan Karesidenan Malang Pada Masa Perang Kemerdekaan".ngalam.id(in Indonesian).Retrieved24 April2019.
- ^"Mengetahui Secara Ringkas Tentang Malang Raya".Dare to Start(in Indonesian). 2 January 2015.Retrieved24 April2019.
- ^abHefner, Robert W. (1 February 1990).Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam.Princeton University Press. pp. 6, 23.ISBN9780691028569.
- ^Mega, Sophia (3 November 2016)."Mengenal Lebih Dekat Kondisi Geografis Malang".Ngalam.co(in Indonesian). Archived fromthe originalon 28 October 2020.Retrieved25 April2019.
- ^Rofiq, M."Brrr.....Kawasan Bromo Membeku, Embun Salju Selimuti Dedaunan".detiknews.Retrieved25 April2019.
- ^ "Climate: Malang".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved19 May2016.
- ^ "MALANG, INDONESIA".Weatherbase.Retrieved19 May2016.
- ^ "Climate: Tulungrejo, Bumiaji, Batu City".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved18 December2018.
- ^ "BATU, INDONESIA".Weatherbase.Retrieved19 May2016.
- ^ "Climate: Ngadas, Malang Regency".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved25 April2019.
External links
[edit]- Official website of Malang cityArchived16 June 2019 at theWayback Machine
- Official website of Batu city
- Official website of Malang Regency