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Gryfino

Coordinates:53°15′11″N14°29′15″E/ 53.25306°N 14.48750°E/53.25306; 14.48750
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gryfino
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary
Flag of Gryfino
Flag
Coat of arms of Gryfino
Coat of arms
Gryfino is located in Poland
Gryfino
Gryfino
Coordinates:53°15′11″N14°29′15″E/ 53.25306°N 14.48750°E/53.25306; 14.48750
CountryPoland
VoivodeshipWest Pomeranian
CountyGryfino
GminaGryfino
Government
• MayorMieczysław Sawaryn
Area
• Total9.58 km2(3.70 sq mi)
Population
(2017)
• Total21,393
• Density2,200/km2(5,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code
74-100
Car platesZGR
National roads
Voivodeship roads
Websitewww.gryfino.pl

Gryfino[ɡrɨˈfʲinɔ](German:Greifenhagen) is a town inPomerania,northwesternPoland,with 21,393 inhabitants (2017). It is also the capital ofGryfino CountyinWest Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The town is located on the Odra Wschodnia, the eastern branch of theOderriver, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) south ofSzczecinin Poland. The western branch of the Oder, 2 km (1 mi) away from the town center, marks the border withGermany.There is a direct road link between Gryfino and the German town ofMescherinacross the river.

TheCrooked Forestis located in the village ofNowe Czarnowo,just outside Gryfino.

History

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PolishBorder Protection Troopsin Gryfino in 1983

The territory became part of the emerging Polish state underMieszko Iaround 967.[1]Following the fragmentation of Poland into smaller duchies it formed part of theDuchy of Pomerania.There are archaeological traces of Slavic settlement dating back to the 12th century.[2]The settlement was built in 1230,[3]and was raised to the rank of a town by DukeBarnim Iin 1254.[2]In 1271 Barnim I grantedguildprivilegesmodelled after Szczecin.[4]In 1281 the town was exempted from customs duties and declared a free port.[4]In 1284 it obtained a permission to build defensive walls[2]and was one of the Pomeranian towns that guaranteed a peace treaty between the Duchy of Pomerania and theMargraviate of Brandenburg.[4]The town was in conflict with the town ofGartzacross the Oder (currenttwin town), which was resolved in 1304.[5]In 1306 DukeOtto Iallowed the town to build a bridge and a dam over the Oder and collect customs duties on it like Szczecin.[5]

In theThirty Years' War,the town was hit by epidemics in 1625 and 1638, and was occupied by theHoly Roman Empirein 1627–1630 and bySwedenin 1630–1640.[2]After the war, it remained in Swedish possession. In 1675 it was captured by theBrandenburgers,into whose possession it came finally in 1679.[3]In 1709 Polish KingStanisław Leszczyńskistopped in the town.[2]In 1723,FrenchHuguenotssettled in the town.[2]During theSeven Years' War,the town was plundered by the Russians.[2]From 1871 it formed part of theGerman Empire.

Two labour camps of theReich Labour Servicewere located in the town underNazi Germany.[6]In the final months ofWorld War II,in March 1945, it was captured byAlliedPolish and Russian forces.[7]Afterwards, the region became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until theFall of Communismin the 1980s. Despite the existence of the old Polish nameGryfów,[8]the town was first renamed toGryfin,[9]and in 1946 toGryfinoby replacing the German suffix -hagen by the Polish suffix -ino.[10]

After the war, the town's life was reestablished, in 1945 the first schools began teaching, in 1946 the Gryf cinema was opened, and in 1947 the municipal library was opened.[2]A new hospital and culture center were opened in 1955 and 1958, respectively.[2]From 1975 to 1998 Gryfino was administratively located in theSzczecin Voivodeship.Underground anti-communist presswas published in Gryfino from 1982 to 1984.[2]In 2021, a mural toPolish resistanceheroWitold Pileckiwas unveiled in Gryfino.[11]

In 1974 the first unit ofDolna Odra Power Station,a large coal-fired power station, went in service.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
17241,807—
17482,153+19.1%
17942,627+22.0%
18756,759+157.3%
18906,692−1.0%
19258,184+22.3%
19399,855+20.4%
19605,300−46.2%
19707,400+39.6%
197510,800+45.9%
198015,300+41.7%
199021,000+37.3%
199522,100+5.2%
200422,500+1.8%
Source:verwaltungsgeschichte.de[2]

Sports

[edit]

The main local sports team arehandballteam KPR Gryfino, which competes in the I liga (as of 2023–24),[12]andfootballteamEnergetyk Gryfino[pl],which competes in the lower divisions. There are also various youth clubs dedicated toathletics,gymnastics,[13]swimming,[14]chess,[15]etc.

Transport

[edit]
Gryfino train station

There is a railway station in the town, located on the significantWrocław–Szczecin railway.Gryfino is located on the intersection of thenational road31 andvoivodeship road 120.

International relations

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Gryfino istwinnedwith:

Towns near Gryfino

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Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Labuda, Gerard (1993). "Chrystianizacja Pomorza (X–XIII stulecie)".Studia Gdańskie(in Polish). Vol. IX. Gdańsk-Oliwa. p. 47.
  2. ^abcdefghijk"Kalendarium".Gryfino.pl(in Polish).Retrieved24 September2023.
  3. ^abOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Greifenhagen".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  4. ^abcKratz, Gustav (1865).Die Städte der Provinz Pommern. Abriss ihrer Geschichte, zumeist nach Urkunden.Berlin. p. 181.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^abKratz, p. 182
  6. ^"V Pommern-West"(in German).Retrieved24 September2023.
  7. ^Marian Anklewicz."70 lat temu w Gryfinie. Początek walk o Gryfino".igryfino.pl(in Polish).Retrieved24 September2023.
  8. ^Leksykon Polactwa w Niemczech(in Polish). Opole: Związek Polaków w Niemczech. 1939. p. 269.
  9. ^Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny Sztabu Generalnego W.P. (1945). "Mapa Polski" (Map).Mapa Polski.1:1,000,000 (in Polish).
  10. ^Manfred Niemeyer (2012).Deutsches Ortsnamenbuch.Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 219.
  11. ^"Gryfino: Odsłonięto mural przedstawiający Witolda Pileckiego".Szczecińskie24.pl(in Polish).Retrieved24 September2023.
  12. ^"KPR Gryfino – Oficjalna strona klubu"(in Polish).Retrieved24 September2023.
  13. ^"Międzyszkolny Klub Sportowy" HERMES "- strona oficjalna"(in Polish).Retrieved24 September2023.
  14. ^"UKP MARLIN"(in Polish).Retrieved24 September2023.
  15. ^"UKS Biały Pion Gryfino"(in Polish).Retrieved24 September2023.
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