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Gu Mu

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Gu Mu
Cốc mục
Gu Mu in 1940
Vice Premier of China
In office
1975–1982
PremierZhou Enlai
Hua Guofeng
Zhao Ziyang
Personal details
BornSeptember 1914
Rongcheng, Shandong
DiedNovember 6, 2009 (aged 95)
Beijing
Political partyCommunist Party of China
Children4 sons, 1 daughter
In thisChinese name,thefamily nameisGu.

Gu Mu(Chinese:Cốc mục;pinyin:Gǔ Mù;Wade–Giles:Ku3Mu4;September 1914 – November 6, 2009) was a Chinese revolutionary figure and politician, who served as theVice Premier of Chinabetween 1975 and 1982. As one ofDeng Xiaoping's main aides in charge of economic management, he played a major role in implementing Deng'seconomic reform policiesof the 1980s. He was a key figure in the creation ofShenzhen,China's firstSpecial Economic Zone.[1]

Early life and career

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Gu Mu was born in September 1914 in a village inRongcheng, Shandong.His birth name wasLiu Jiayu(Chinese:Lưu gia ngữ). Although his parents were poor peasants, he received a good education at the insistence of his grandfather.[2]

He joined the Communist Party in July 1932 and became involved in revolutionary activities inWendeng County,where he was attending school. He changed his name to "Gu Mu" to avoid implicating his family. In 1934, Gu went to Beijing (then known asBeiping) and became a leader of the Beiping branch of theLeague of Left-Wing Writers.[2]

In 1936, Gu Mu worked in military logistics under the warlordZhang Xueliang,and participated in theXi'an Incident.[2]In September 1940, Gu went back to Shandong to take on a series of progressively senior leadership positions, including Deputy Political Commissar of the First Military Region.[1][2]

People's Republic of China

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After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, Gu became the Party Secretary and Mayor ofJinan,the capital of Shandong, as well asPolitical Commissarof theJinan Military Region.In February 1952 he was named Deputy Party Secretary and propaganda chief ofShanghai.[1][2]

In 1954, Gu was transferred to Beijing as Deputy Head of the State Construction Commission.[3]

During his service as Vice Director of the Economic Commission, Gu was assigned in 1964 to lead the Third Front Construction Support and ExaminationSmall Group.[4]: 85 This small group was tasked with providing resources for theThird Frontcampaign to develop basic industry and national defense industry in China's rugged interior in an effort to prepare for potential United States or Soviet invasion.[4]: 85 

In 1965 he became Director of the State Construction Commission.

During theCultural Revolution,Gu rose to be deputy toLi XiannianandYu Qiuliin theeconomic planning unit of the State Council.[3]Gu was a part of theFebruary Countercurrentof 1967, in which a group of military leaders criticized the Cultural Revolution, contending that it had disrupted society and threatened the leadership of the Party.[5]: 154 Gu was later removed from his positions and suffered political persecution like many other leaders.

He returned to work in 1973 as head of theState Development and Planning Commission.In 1975, he was appointed a Vice-Premier underZhou Enlai,and led the State Construction Commission and the Import and Export Commission of theState Council.[1]

Between 1978 and 1988 Gu was a major part of the new reformist government underDeng Xiaoping,specializing in external relations and economic development. Gu, as Vice-Premier, led the PRC's first formal delegation to Western Europe following the Cultural Revolution.[6]: 331 On the trip Gu visited France, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, and West Germany.[7]Deng tasked Gu with making a detailed investigation, emphasizing that the delegation should learn from the advanced experience of capitalism.[6]: 331 Deng asked that Gu and the delegation study the current stage of capitalist development and how economic work was managed.[8]: 46 On returning to China, the Gu delegation reported to the Chinese Communist Party Politburo and strongly influenced subsequent policy to open towards foreign technology.[3]He became a member of the Central Secretariat in 1980, and State Councilor in May 1982. As one ofDeng Xiaoping's chief aides in charge of economic management, he played a major role in implementing Deng'seconomic reform policiesand China's opening to the world. He was a key figure in the creation ofShenzhen,China's firstSpecial Economic Zone.[1]

In 1988, Gu became a vice-chairman of theChinese People's Political Consultative Conference,a mostly ceremonial post. He retired in 1993, and left public life.[1]

Gu Mu died on November 6, 2009, at the age of 95. He was officially eulogized as a "long-tested and loyal warrior of the Communist cause, a proletariat revolutionary, an outstanding leader in the field of economic development". Top Chinese leaders, includingHu JintaoandJiang Zeminattended his funeral.[2]

Family

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Gu Mu had four sons: Liu Nianyuan ( Lưu niệm xa ), Liu Huiyuan ( Lưu sẽ xa ), Liu Liyuan ( Lưu lịch xa ), Liu Xianyuan ( Lưu hiến xa ), and a daughter, Liu Yanyuan ( Lưu yến xa ). They are all surnamed "Liu" in accordance with Gu's real surname. Liu Nianyuan has retired as a major general of thePeople's Liberation Army.Liu Liyuan was imprisoned during the Cultural Revolution for two years, together withYe Jianying's sonYe Xuanpingand son-in-lawZou Jiahua,Bo Yibo's three sons includingBo Xilai,and the sons ofHe Long.[9]

Awards

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References

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  1. ^abcdefYuwu Song (8 July 2013).Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China.McFarland. p. 102.ISBN978-0-7864-3582-1.
  2. ^abcdefCốc mục cuộc đời: Nguyên danh Lưu gia ngữ.People's Daily(in Chinese). 2009-11-07.Retrieved2014-09-17.
  3. ^abcVogel, Ezra F. (2013).Deng Xiaoping and the transformation of China.Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press. p. 224.ISBN978-0-674-72586-7.OCLC862177224.
  4. ^abMeyskens, Covell F. (2020).Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China.Cambridge, United Kingdom:Cambridge University Press.doi:10.1017/9781108784788.ISBN978-1-108-78478-8.OCLC1145096137.S2CID218936313.
  5. ^Hou, Li (2021).Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State.Harvard-Yenching Institutemonograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard University Asia Center.ISBN978-0-674-26022-1.
  6. ^abHuang, Yibing (2020). Zheng, Qian (ed.).An Ideological History of the Communist Party of China.Vol. 2. Translated by Sun, Li; Bryant, Shelly. Montreal, Quebec: Royal Collins Publishing Group.ISBN978-1-4878-0391-9.
  7. ^Cốc mục: Trung Quốc cải cách mở ra thao bàn giả.Sina.
  8. ^Huang, Yibing (2020). Zheng, Qian (ed.).An Ideological History of the Communist Party of China.Vol. 3. Translated by Sun, Li; Bryant, Shelly. Montreal, Quebec: Royal Collins Publishing Group.ISBN978-1-4878-0391-9.
  9. ^Cốc mục con cái[The Children of Gu Mu].People's Daily(in Chinese). 2009-12-21.
  10. ^"Bình thành 20 năm xuân の người nước ngoài tự huân chịu chương giả danh bộ"(PDF).Nội Các phủ. 2008-04-29. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2021-01-26.Retrieved2020-12-26.
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