Gugark
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(March 2012) |
| Գուգարք | |
|---|---|
| Province ofthe ancient kingdom of Armenia | |
| 189 BC–13th century | |
 | |
| Capital | Ardahan |
| History | |
•Artaxias Ideclaring himself independent | 189 BC |
• Disestablished | 13th century |
| Today part of |  Armenia Turkey Georgia (country) |
Gugark(Armenian:Գուգարք,Latin:Gogarene,Greek:Γογαρινή) was the 13th province ofthe ancient kingdom of Armenia.It now comprises parts of northernArmenia,northeastTurkey,and southwestGeorgia.[1]
Etymology[edit]
Etymologically, Gugark in Armenian language denotes land ofGugars.word "Gugar" being a root and suffix -k meaning "land of".
History[edit]
At first, according to ancientUrartianinscriptions recorded in 785 BC, territory of Gugark was referred to as Zabaha, which is known today asJavakheti(Javakh in Armenian).[2]In the beginning of IV century BC, (302BC) the territory was underCaucasian Iberia,but duringArtaxias I's reign it was conquered.[3]During the reign of theArtaxiadandArshakunikings of Armenia, Gugark was ruled by one of the kingdom's fourbdeshkhs.Thebdeshkhof Gugark was responsible for protecting the state's northern border. During the 4th century, the region was ruled by members of abranchof theHouse of Mihran.[4]In 387, Armenia was partitioned between theByzantineandSassanidempires and Gugark, with the exception of the canton ofTashir,was annexed toCaucasian Iberia.The ruler of the region around 425 was Archoucha (Arshusha of Gogarene). In 652, the Armenian princeTheodore Rshtuniwas allowed by theArabsto unite Gugark with his realms.
In the following centuries, Gugark and its cantons fell under the sway of several rulers. In the 8th century, it became a part ofEmirate of Tbilisi.In the middle of the 9th century, it was taken by the GeorgianBagrationis,while the ArmenianBagratunistook over its eastern cantons.[1]
Inhabitants[edit]
ArmeniancatholicosHovhannes Draskhanakerttsisays in his books that the majority of this region was Armenian people with minority of Iberian people. Also an Armenian historianGhazar Parpetsimentions Arshusha Vpitiakhshof Iberians.
Cantons[edit]
- Dzoropor
- Tsobopor
- Treghk
- Artahan
- Javakhk
- Upper Javakhk
- Tashir
- Kangark
- Kagharjk
- Nigal
- Mrugh
- Mrit
- Shavshet
- Koghbopor
- Kvishapor
- Boghnopor
- Tashran
- Manglyats
- Ashotsk
List ofbdeshkhs[edit]
Based on available sources,Cyril Toumanoffdeduced an incomplete list of the ruling Mihranidbdeshkhsof Gugark.[5]
| Name | Reign |
|---|---|
| Peroz | 330–361? |
| Bakur I | after 394–430 |
| Arshusha I | after 430–? |
| Bakur II | mid 5th-century |
| Arshusha II | ?–470 |
| Varsken | 470–482 |
| Arshusha III | 482–after 540/1 |
| Arshusha IV | ca. first decade of the 7th-century |
| Vahram-Arshusha V | late 620s |
| Arshusha VI | mid 8th-century |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ab"Գուգարք".Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia.Vol. 3. Yerevan. 1975. pp. 240–241.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Melkʻonyan, A. A. (2007).Javakhk in the 19th century and the 1st quarter of the 20th century: a historical research.Erevan: National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Institute of History.ISBN978-99941-73-07-5.OCLC607636080.
- ^"Geography of Strabo, Book XI, Chapter 14, P325".
- ^Toumanoff, Cyril.Introduction to Christian Caucasian History, II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period.Traditio17 (1961), p. 38.
- ^Rapp, Stephen H. (2014).The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature.Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 389.ISBN978-1472425522.
External links[edit]
Historical states andregions of Armenia | ||
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| Independent Armenian states |
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| Minor or dependent Armenian states |
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| Provinces orAshkhars of Armenia Major | ||
| Other Armenian regions | ||
| Other provinces under Tigranes the Great | ||