Gulf St Vincent

Gulf St Vincent
Gulf St Vincent
	Gulf St Vincent is the easternmost of the two inlets
	Gulf St Vincent
Location	Australia
Coordinates	35°S138°E/ 35°S 138°E
Type	Gulf
River sources	Bungala,Dry Creek,Field,Gawler,Gilbert,Light,Little Para River,Onkaparinga,Patawalonga,Port,Sturt,Torrens,Wakefield
Basincountries	Australia
Max. length	138.9 km (86.3 mi)
Max. width	61.15 km (38.00 mi)
Surface area	6,800 km2(2,600 sq mi)
Average depth	21 m (69 ft)
Max. depth	40 m (130 ft)
Islands	Garden Island; Troubridge Island; Torrens Island
Settlements	Adelaide
References

Gulf St Vincent,sometimes referred to asSt Vincent Gulf,St Vincent's GulforGulf of St Vincent,is the eastern of two large inlets of water on the southern coast ofAustralia,in the state ofSouth Australia,the other being the largerSpencer Gulf,from which it is separated byYorke Peninsula.On its eastern side the gulf is bordered by theAdelaide Plainsand theFleurieu Peninsula.

Description[edit]

The St Vincent basin is formed fromCenozoicsediments deposited over, and surrounded by,ProterozoicandPaleozoicrock.^[5]Around 55 million years agoGondwanalandbroke up and Australia separated from Antarctica, causing a number of basins to form along the southern Australian coastline. Around 40 million years ago a number of blocks formed with theMount Lofty Rangesrising to the east of the St Vincent basin. At the end of theLast Glacial Maximumaround 10,000-15,000 years ago, the sea levels rose and covered the St. Vincent basin.^[6]

Location[edit]

To the south it is defined by a line fromTroubridge Pointon Yorke Peninsula toCape Jervison Fleurieu Peninsula. Its entrances from the southwest are fromInvestigator Strait,and to the southeast fromBackstairs Passage,which separateKangaroo Islandfrom the mainland.^[2]Adelaidelies midway along the gulf's east shore. Other towns located on the gulf, from west to east includeEdithburgh,Port Vincent,ArdrossanandPort WakefieldandNormanville.

History[edit]

TheAboriginalname given to it by the original inhabitants of the area, theKaurnapeople wasWongajerla,^[7]also speltWongga Yerlo^[8]orWonggayerlo,meaning "western sea".^[9]

It was namedGulph of St. VincentbyMatthew Flinderson 30 March 1802, in honour ofAdmiral John Jervis (1st Earl of St Vincent)^[10]who won a naval victory offCape St. Vincent,Portugal. It was shortly afterwards (after his meeting with Flinders atEncounter Bayon 8 April 1802) mapped byNicolas Baudin,who named itGolfe de la Mauvaise^[7]orGolfe de la Misanthrophie.^[11]In the following yearLouis de Freycinetrenamed itGolphe Josephineto honourJosephine Bonaparte.^[12]^[7]

Due to Flinders' lengthy imprisonment onMauritiusduring his return to England, the publication ofBaudin's mapprecededthat of Flindersby three years.

TheAdelaide Desalination Plantwhich is located on Gulf St Vincent's eastern shore inLonsdale,supplies the Adelaide metropolitan area with desalinated water from the gulf. It officially opened in 2013.^[13]^[14]

Environment[edit]

The Gulf teems withcrustaceaandpolychaeta,as well as various species ofsea squirtsandsea urchins.Thebenthosis a soft sediment shelf, with species ofzosteraceaearound the mouth of thePort River.Thecardinalfish genusVincentiatakes its name from Gulf St Vincent where thetype specimenof itstype specieswas collected.^[15]

Gallery[edit]

Seahorse beneath Edithburgh Jetty
Striped Pyjama squid mating under Edithburgh jetty
Hermit crab beneath Edithburgh jetty
Rock ling beneath Edithburgh jetty

References[edit]

^^a ^bHydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence (reproduced by the Royal Australian Navy Hydrographic Service) (1983).Gulf of St Vincent and approaches (chart no. 1762).
^^a ^b ^cBye, J.A.T. (1976). "Chapter 11:Physical oceanography of Gulf St Vincent and Investigator Strait". InTwidale, C.R.;Tyler, M.J; Webb, B.P (eds.).Natural history of the Adelaide Region.Royal Society of South Australia Inc. p. 143.ISBN 978-0-9596627-0-2.
^South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (1985),The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs,Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia, pp. Chart 21,ISBN 978-0-7243-7603-2
^"Place Name Search: Gulf St Vincent".Geoscience Australia. Archived fromthe originalon 5 June 2011.Retrieved20 June2014.
^M. F. Glaessner. "IX. The St. Vincent Basin".Journal of the Geological Society of Australia.5:115–126.doi:10.1080/00167615708728486.
^SOUTH AUSTRALIAN COAST PROTECTION BOARD."The Adelaide Metropolitan Coastline"(PDF).South Australian Department of Environment and Water.
^^a ^b ^cGulf St Vincent: A precious Asset(PDF).Friends of Parks Inc / Friends of Gulf St Vincent. 2009. p. 4.ISBN 978-0-646-52043-8.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 4 March 2016.Retrieved6 December2019.
^"Tjilbruke Story".Port Adelaide Enfield.12 August 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 28 February 2021.Retrieved16 November2020.
^"Wonggayerlo 'Western sea' (Gulf St Vincent)".City of Charles Sturt.Retrieved17 November2020.
^Matthew Flinders."South coast. Gulph of St. Vincent".A voyage to Terra Australis.State Library of South Australia.p. 180.Retrieved12 April2010.
^Dutton, Geoffrey (1960).Founder of a city: the life of Colonel William Light, first Surveyor-General of the colony of South Australia, founder of Adelaide, 1786-1839([New] ed.). Rigby (published 1984). pp. 146–147.ISBN 978-0-7270-1913-4.
^Eric Wolanski (editor),Estuaries of Australia in 2050 and Beyond,Dordrecht: Springer, 2014, p.155 (ISBN 9789400770188&ISBN 9400770189)
^"Adelaide Desalination Plant (ADP)".SA Water. Archived fromthe originalon 7 March 2016.Retrieved28 July2015.
^"Adelaide Desalination Plant (Port Stanvac)".ACCIONA Australia. Archived fromthe originalon 16 April 2015.Retrieved28 July2015.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (31 May 2018)."Order KURTIFORMES (Nurseryfishes and Cardinalfishes)".The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database.Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara.Retrieved23 September2018.

External links[edit]

South Australian State Gazetteer PlaceNames Online Search
Friends of Gulf St Vincent Archived18 December 2014 at theWayback MachineAccessed 14 February 2014.

[B1762-1] Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence (reproduced by the Royal Australian Navy Hydrographic Service) (1983).Gulf of St Vincent and approaches (chart no. 1762).

[Bye-2] Bye, J.A.T. (1976). "Chapter 11:Physical oceanography of Gulf St Vincent and Investigator Strait". InTwidale, C.R.;Tyler, M.J; Webb, B.P (eds.).Natural history of the Adelaide Region.Royal Society of South Australia Inc. p. 143.ISBN 978-0-9596627-0-2.

[Chart21-3] South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (1985),The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs,Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia, pp. Chart 21,ISBN 978-0-7243-7603-2

[4] "Place Name Search: Gulf St Vincent".Geoscience Australia. Archived fromthe originalon 5 June 2011.Retrieved20 June2014.

[5] M. F. Glaessner. "IX. The St. Vincent Basin".Journal of the Geological Society of Australia.5:115–126.doi:10.1080/00167615708728486.

[6] SOUTH AUSTRALIAN COAST PROTECTION BOARD."The Adelaide Metropolitan Coastline"(PDF).South Australian Department of Environment and Water.

[friends-7] Gulf St Vincent: A precious Asset(PDF).Friends of Parks Inc / Friends of Gulf St Vincent. 2009. p. 4.ISBN 978-0-646-52043-8.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 4 March 2016.Retrieved6 December2019.

[enfield-8] "Tjilbruke Story".Port Adelaide Enfield.12 August 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 28 February 2021.Retrieved16 November2020.

[9] "Wonggayerlo 'Western sea' (Gulf St Vincent)".City of Charles Sturt.Retrieved17 November2020.

[10] Matthew Flinders."South coast. Gulph of St. Vincent".A voyage to Terra Australis.State Library of South Australia.p. 180.Retrieved12 April2010.

[11] Dutton, Geoffrey (1960).Founder of a city: the life of Colonel William Light, first Surveyor-General of the colony of South Australia, founder of Adelaide, 1786-1839([New] ed.). Rigby (published 1984). pp. 146–147.ISBN 978-0-7270-1913-4.

[12] Eric Wolanski (editor),Estuaries of Australia in 2050 and Beyond,Dordrecht: Springer, 2014, p.155 (ISBN 9789400770188&ISBN 9400770189)

[13] "Adelaide Desalination Plant (ADP)".SA Water. Archived fromthe originalon 7 March 2016.Retrieved28 July2015.

[14] "Adelaide Desalination Plant (Port Stanvac)".ACCIONA Australia. Archived fromthe originalon 16 April 2015.Retrieved28 July2015.

[ETYFish-15] Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (31 May 2018)."Order KURTIFORMES (Nurseryfishes and Cardinalfishes)".The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database.Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara.Retrieved23 September2018.

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v t e List of Australian seas
Ocean	Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean
Sea	Arafura Sea Coral Sea Tasman Sea Timor Sea
Strait	Backstairs Passage Bass Strait Clarence Strait Dundas Strait Endeavour Strait Investigator Strait Torres Strait
Gulf	Admiralty Gulf Beagle Gulf Cambridge Gulf Gulf of Carpentaria Great Australian Bight Exmouth Gulf Joseph Bonaparte Gulf Gulf St Vincent Spencer Gulf Van Diemen Gulf
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