Gymnostoma
| Gymnostoma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gymnostoma deplancheanum,very old specimen, near Prony, New Caledonia | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Casuarinaceae |
| Genus: | Gymnostoma L.A.S.Johnson[1][2] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Gymnostomais agenusof about eighteen species of trees and shrubs, constituting one of the fourgeneraof the plant familyCasuarinaceae.[1][2][3][4]The species grow naturally in the tropics, including at high elevations havingtemperate climates,in forests in the region of the westernPacific OceanandMalesia.InNew Caledonia,published botanical science describes eight species found growing naturally, which botanists havenot found anywhere else (endemics).[5]Other species are native toBorneo,Sumatra,Maluku,andNew Guinea,[6]and one endemic species each inFijiand theWet Tropics of Queensland,Australia.[7]
The genus was first scientifically described byLawrie A. S. Johnsonin 1980.[1] Many of theGymnostomaspecies combinations of names (binomials) were described by him in 1982.[3] As of 2013[update],a global total of eighteen species have been found and described.[8][9]
The majority of the species grow in rainforests, in the habitats of open, sunny, long-term gaps, fromriver bank (riparian) situationsthrough to mountain top situations. In New Caledonia two endemic speciesG. chamaecyparisandG. deplancheanumhave specialised adaptations, growing in wet "shrubmaquisand paraforest maquis formations.G. chamaecyparisis associated withhypermagnesian soils(hypermagnesianinceptisol) below 600 m altitude at the base ofultramaficmassifs.G. deplancheanumoccurs onferraliticferriticdesaturatedhardpanor gravelly soils (oxisol) on the southern massif at altitudes between 200 and 1,000 m ".[5]
Species
[edit]There are 14 formally described species:[10][6]
- Gymnostoma australianumL.A.S.Johnson– Australia endemic[11]
- Gymnostoma chamaecyparis(J.Poiss.) L.A.S.Johnson– New Caledonia endemic[5](Fr)
- Gymnostoma deplancheanum(Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson– New Caledonia endemic[5](Fr)
- Gymnostoma glaucescens(Schltr.) L.A.S.Johnson– New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma intermedium(J.Poiss.) L.A.S.Johnson– New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma leucodon(J.Poiss.) L.A.S.Johnson– New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma nobile(Whitmore) L.A.S.Johnson– Borneo
- Gymnostoma nodiflorum(Thunb.) L.A.S.Johnson– New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma papuanum(S.Moore) L.A.S.Johnson– New Guinea
- Gymnostoma poissonianum(Schltr.) L.A.S.Johnson– New Caledonia endemic[5]
- Gymnostoma rumphianum(Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson– Maluku
- Gymnostoma sumatranum(Jungh.exde Vriese) L.A.S.Johnson– Sumatra
- Gymnostoma vitienseL.A.S.Johnson– Fiji endemic
- Gymnostoma webbianum(Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson– New Caledonia endemic[5]
There are approximately four additional species, found in New Guinea and collections preserved, that are awaiting formal description.[12]
References
[edit]- ^abc Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (1980)."Notes on Casuarinaceae".Telopea.(Online page archive version, link via APNIGymnostomaref's).2(1): 83–84.doi:10.7751/telopea19804114.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 24 December 2013.Retrieved15 November2013.
- ^ab "Gymnostoma% ".Australian Plant Name Index(APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database(listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.Retrieved15 Nov2013.
- ^ab Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (23 December 1982)."Notes on the Casuarinaceae II"(PDF).Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.6(1): 73–87.Retrieved15 November2013.
- ^
Johnson, Lawrie A. S. (1988)."Notes on Casuarinaceae III: The new genusCeuthostoma".Telopea.(Online page archive version, link via APNICeuthostomaref's).3(2): 133–137.doi:10.7751/telopea19884801.
A synoptic key for the four genera of the family is given.
- ^abcdefghijJaffré, Tanguy; Gauthier, Daniel; Rigault, Frédéric; McCoy, Stéphane (1994)."Les Casuarinacées endémiques - Caractéristiques écologiques et nutritionnelles"[The Endemic Casuarinaceae (of New Caledonia) – Ecological and Nutritional Characteristics](PDF).Bois et Forêts des Tropiques(in French and English) (242 New Caledonia Special). ORSOM (Nouvelle-Calédonie): 31–43. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2016-06-01.Retrieved2013-03-10.
- ^abGovaerts R."GymnostomaL.A.S.Johnson ".Plants of the World Online.Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Retrieved14 December2020.
- ^"GymnostomaL.A.S.Johnson ".Atlas of Living Australia.
- ^F.A.Zich;B.P.M.Hyland;T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020)."Casuarinaceae".Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants(RFK8).Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR),Australian Government.Retrieved27 May2021.
- ^ "Gymnostoma".Flora of AustraliaOnline.Department of the Environment and Heritage,Australian Government.
- ^"The Plant List entry forGymnostoma".The Plant List,v.1.1.Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewand theMissouri Botanical Garden.September 2013.Retrieved14 December2020.
- ^F.A.Zich;B.P.M.Hyland;T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020)."Gymnostoma australianum".Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants(RFK8).Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR),Australian Government.Retrieved27 May2021.
- ^ Conn, Barry J. (2013) [2008+]."Gymnostoma"(Online, from pngplants.org/PNGCensus).Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea.Retrieved15 November2013.
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