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HP-UX

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HP-UX
DeveloperHewlett Packard Enterprise
Written inC
OS familyUnix(System V)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelClosed source
Initial release1982;42 years ago(1982)
Latest release2305.11iv3[1]/ May 31, 2023;13 months ago(2023-05-31)
Marketing targetServer
Available inEnglish
Package managerSoftware Distributor
PlatformsCurrent:IA-64
Former:Motorola 68k,FOCUS,PA-RISC
KerneltypeMonolithicwithdynamically loadable modules
UserlandPOSIX/SUS
Default
user interface		KDE,GNOMEandCDE
LicenseProprietary
Official websitewww.hpe/info/hpux
HP Superdomerunning HP-UX 11.23 OS
HP 9000/425workstationrunning HP-UX 9 withHP-VUE
The HP 9000-B180Lworkstationrunning HP-UX 10.20 withCDE
HPC8000workstationrunning HP-UX 11i

HP-UX(from "Hewlett Packard Unix" ) isHewlett Packard Enterprise'sproprietaryimplementation of theUnixoperating system,based onUnix System V(initiallySystem III) and first released in 1984. Current versions supportHPE Integrity Servers,based onIntel'sItaniumarchitecture.

Earlier versions of HP-UX supported theHP Integral PCandHP 9000Series 200, 300, and 400 computer systems based on theMotorola 68000series of processors, the HP 9000 Series 500 computers based on HP's proprietaryFOCUSarchitecture, and later HP 9000 Series models based on HP'sPA-RISCinstruction set architecture.

HP-UX was the first Unix to offeraccess-control listsfor file access permissions as an alternative to the standard Unix permissions system.[citation needed]HP-UX was also among the first Unix systems to include a built-inlogical volume manager.[citation needed]HP has had a long partnership withVeritas Software,and usesVxFSas the primaryfile system.

It is one of three commercial operating systems that have versions certified toThe Open Group'sUNIX 03 standard.(The others aremacOSandAIX.)[2]

Characteristics

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HP-UX 11i offers a common shared disks for its clustered file system.HP Serviceguardis theclustersolution for HP-UX. HP Global Workload Management adjusts workloads to optimize performance, and integrates with Instant Capacity on Demand so installed resources can be paid for in 30-minute increments as needed for peak workload demands.

HP-UX offersoperating system-level virtualizationfeatures such as hardware partitions, isolated OS virtual partitions on cell-based servers, andHP Integrity Virtual Machines(HPVM) on all Integrity servers. HPVM supports guests running on HP-UX 11i v3 hosts – guests can runLinux,Windows Server,OpenVMSor HP-UX. HP supports online VM guest migration, where encryption can secure the guest contents during migration.

HP-UX 11i v3 scales as follows (on a SuperDome 2 with 32 Intel Itanium 9560 processors):


Security

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The 11i v2 release introduced kernel-basedintrusion detection,strongrandom number generation,stack buffer overflowprotection, security partitioning, role-based access management, and various open-source security tools.

HP classifies the operating system's security features into three categories: data, system and identity:[4]

Category Security products
Data Encrypted Volumes and File Systems,Trusted Computing,whitelisting,containers,IPsec
System Software Assistant,Bastille,Auditing System,IPFilter,HostIDS,Standard Mode Security Extensions,[5]
Identity RBAC,PAM-Kerberos,AAAserver,Kerberosserver

Context dependent files

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Release 6.x (together with 3.x) introduced the context dependent files (CDF) feature, a method of allowing afileserverto serve different configurations and binaries (and even architectures) to different client machines in a heterogeneous environment. A directory containing such files had itssuidbit set and was made hidden from both ordinary and root processes under normal use. Such a scheme was sometimes exploited by intruders to hide malicious programs or data.[6]CDFs and the CDF filesystem were dropped with release 10.0.

Supported hardware platforms

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HP-UX operating systems supports a variety ofPA-RISCsystems. The 11.0 added support forIntegrity-based servers for the transition from PA-RISC toItanium.HP-UX 11i v1.5 is the first version that supported Itanium. On the introduction of HP-UX 11i v2 the operating system supported both of these architectures.[7]

BL series

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HP-UX 11i supportsHPE Integrity Serversof HP BL server blade family. These servers use the IntelItaniumarchitecture.

CX series

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HP-UX 11i v2 and 11i v3 support HP's CX series servers. CX stands for carrier grade and is used mainly for telco industry with -48V DC support and is NEBS certified. Both of these systems containItaniumMad6M processors and are discontinued.

RX series

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HP-UX supports HP's RX series of servers.[citation needed]

Release history

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Prior to the release of HP-UX version 11.11, HP used a decimalversion numberingscheme with the first number giving the major release and the number following the decimal showing the minor release. With 11.11, HP made amarketingdecision to name their releases 11ifollowed by a v(decimal-number) for the version. Theiwas intended to indicate the OS isInternet-enabled, but the effective result was a dual version-numbering scheme.

Version history

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Version[8] Release date End-of-life date Hardware
Old version, no longer maintained:11i v1 (B.11.11) 2000-12-01 2015-12-31 HP 9000
Old version, no longer maintained:11i v1.6 (B.11.22) 2002-06-02 Integrity
Old version, no longer maintained:11i v2 (B.11.23) 2003-10-01 HP 9000 and Integrity
Old version, no longer maintained:11i v3 (B.11.31) 2007-02-01 2021-03-31 HP 9000
Current stable version:11i v3 (B.11.31) 2025-12-31 Integrity
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Versions

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1.0 (1982)
First release forHP 9000Series 500. HP-UX for Series 500 was substantially different from HP-UX for any other HP machines, as it was layered atop a Series 500 specific operating system called SUNOS (unrelated toSun Microsystems'SunOS).[9]
1.0 (1984)
AT&T System III based. Support for theHP Integral PC(HP 9807A). The kernel runs from ROM; other commands are disk based.
2.0 (1984)
First release for HP's earlyMotorola 68000-based workstations (HP 9816U, HP 9826U, HP 9836U)
5.0 (1985)
AT&T System V based. Distinct versions were available for the Integral PC, the Series 200/300 and the Series 500. Introduced the proprietaryStarbasegraphics API for the Series 200, 300 and 500. The Series 300 5.x releases included a proprietarywindowing systembuilt on top of Starbase namedHP Windows/9000,which was also available as an optional extra for Series 500 hardware.[10]
3.x (1988)
HP 9000 Series 600/800 only. Note: 2.x/3.x (for Series 600/800) were developed in parallel with 5.x/6.x (for Series 200/300/400), so, for example, 3.x was really contemporary with 6.x. The two lines were united at HP-UX 7.x.
6.x (1988)
Support for HP 9000 Series 300 only. Introduced sockets from4.3BSD.This version (together with 3.x) also introduced the above-discussed context dependent files (CDF), which were removed in release 10 because of their security risks. The 6.2 release addedX11,superseding HP Windows/9000 and X10.[11]6.5 allowed Starbase programs to run alongside X11 programs.
7.x (1990)
Support for HP 9000 Series 300/400, 600/700 (in 7.03) /800 HP systems.[12]ProvidedOSF/Motif.Final version to include the HP Windows/9000 windowing system.[13]
8.x (January 1991)
Support for HP 9000 Series 300/400 600/700/800 systems.[12]Shared libraries introduced.
HP-UX 9.0 installation software on QIC cartridge, 1992
9.x (July 1992)
9.00, 9.02, 9.04 (Series 600/800), 9.01, 9.03, 9.05, 9.07 (Series 300/400/700), 9.08, 9.09, 9.09+ (Series 700 only), 9.10 (Series 300/400 only). These provided support for the HP 9000 Series 300, 700 and 800 systems. IntroducedSystem Administration Manager (SAM).TheLogical Volume Manager(LVM) was presented in 9.00 for the Series 800. Adopted theVisual User Environmentdesktop.
10.0 (1995)
This major release saw a convergence of the operating system between the HP 9000 Series 700 (workstation) and Series 800 (server) systems, dropping support for previous lines. There was also a significant change in the layout in the system files and directories, based on theAT&TUNIX System V Release 4standard. Applications were removed from /usr and moved under /opt; startup configuration files were placed under /etc/rc.config.d; users were moved to /home from /users. Software for HP-UX was now packaged, shipped, installed, and removed via theSoftware Distributor(SD) tools. LVM was also made available for Series 700.
10.10 (1996)
Introduced theCommon Desktop Environment.UNIX95 compliance.[14]
10.20 (1996)
This release included support for 64-bitPA-RISC2.0 processors.Pluggable Authentication Modules(PAM) were introduced for use withinCDE.The root file system could be configured to use theVeritas File System(VxFS). For legacy as well as technical reasons, the file system used for the bootkernelremainedHi Performance FileSystem(HFS, a variant ofUFS) until version 11.23. 10.20 also supported 32-bit user and group identifiers. The prior limit was 60,000, or 16-bit. This and earlier releases of HP-UX are now effectively obsolete, and support by HP ended on June 30, 2003.[15]
10.24
This is aVirtual Vaultrelease of HP-UX, providing enhanced security features. Virtual Vault is a compartmentalised operating system in which each file is assigned a compartment and processes only have access to files in the appropriate compartment and unlike most other UNIX systems the superuser (or root) does not have complete access to the system without following correct procedures.
10.30 (1997)
This was primarily a developer release with various incremental enhancements. It provided the first support for kernel threads, with a 1:1 thread model (each user thread is bound to one kernel thread).
11.00 (1997)
The first HP-UX release to also support 64-bit addressing. It could still run 32-bit applications on a 64-bit system. It supportedsymmetric multiprocessing,Fibre Channel,andNFSPV3. It also included tools and documentation to convert 32-bit code to 64-bit.
11.04
Virtual Vaultrelease.
11.10
This was a limited release to support the HP 9000 V2500 SCA (Scalable Computing Architecture) and V2600 SCA servers. It also added JFS 3.3, AutoFS, a new ftpd, and support for up to 128 CPUs. It was not available separately.
11.11 (2000) – 11i v1
This release of HP-UX introduced the concept of Operating Environments. It was released in December 2000. These are bundled groups of layered applications intended for use with a general category of usage. The available types were the Mission Critical, Enterprise, Internet, Technical Computing, and Minimal Technical OEs. (The last two were intended forHP 9000workstations.) The main enhancements with this release were support for hard partitions,Gigabit Ethernet,NFSoverTCP/IP,loadable kernel modules,dynamic kernel tunable parameters, kernel event Notifications, and protected stacks.
11.20 (2001) – 11i v1.5
This release of HP-UX was the first to support the new line ofItanium-based (IA-64) systems. It was not intended formission criticalcomputing environments and did not support HP's ServiceGuard cluster software. It provided support for running PA-RISC compiled applications on Itanium systems, and forVeritasVolume Manager 3.1.
11.22 (2002) – 11i v1.6
An incremental release of theItaniumversion of HP-UX. This version achieved 64-wayscalability,m:nthreads,added more dynamic kernel tunable parameters, and supported HP's Logical Volume Manager on Itanium. It was built from the 11i v1 source code stream.
11.23 (2003) – 11i v2
The original release of this version was in September 2003 to support the Itanium-based systems. In September 2004 the OS was updated to provide support for both Itanium and PA-RISC systems. Besides running on Itanium systems, this release includes support forccNUMA,web-based kernel and device configuration,IPv6,and stronger random number generation.
11.31 (2007) – 11i v3
This release supports both PA-RISC and Itanium.[16]It was released on February 15, 2007.[17]Major new features include nativemultipathingsupport, a unified file cache,NFSv4, Veritas ClusterFS, multi-volume VxFS, and integratedvirtualization.Hyperthreadingis supported on Itanium systems withMontecitoandTukwilaprocessors. HP-UX 11i v3 conforms toThe Open Group's UNIX 03standard.[18]Updates for 11i v3 have been released every 6 months,[19]with the latest revision being B.11.31.1805,[20]released in May 2018. HP has moved to a cadence of one major HP-UX operating system update per year.

HP-UX 11i operating environments

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HP bundles HP-UX 11i with programs in packages they call Operating Environments (OEs).[21]

The following lists the currently available HP-UX 11i v3 OEs:

HP-UX 11i v3Base OE(BOE)
Includes the full HP-UX 11i operating system plus file system and partitioning software and applications for Web serving, system management and security. BOE includes all the software formerly in FOE & TCOE (see below), plus software formerly sold stand-alone (e.g. Auto Port Aggregator).
HP-UX 11i v3Virtualization Server OE(VSE-OE)
Includes everything in BOE plus GlancePlus performance analysis and software mirroring, and all Virtual Server Environment software which includesvirtual partitions,virtual machines,workload management, capacity advisor and applications. VSE-OE includes all the software formerly in EOE (see below), plus additional virtualization software.
HP-UX 11i v3High Availability OE(HA-OE)
Includes everything in BOE plus HP Serviceguard clustering software for system failover and tools to manage clusters, as well as GlancePlus performance analysis and software mirroring applications.
HP-UX 11i v3Data Center OE(DC-OE)
Includes everything in one package, combining the HP-UX 11i operating system with virtualization. Everything in the HA-OE and VSE-OE is in the DC-OE. Solutions for wide-area disaster recovery and the compiler bundle are sold separately.[22]
HP-UX 11i v2 (11.23)
HP dropped support for v2 in December 2010.[23]Currently available HP-UX 11i v2 OEs include:
HP-UX 11i v2Foundation OE(FOE)
Designed for Web servers, content servers and front-end servers, this OE includes applications such as HP-UX Web Server Suite,Java,and Mozilla Application Suite. This OE is bundled as HP-UX 11i FOE.
HP-UX 11i v2Enterprise OE(EOE)
Designed for database application servers and logic servers, this OE contains the HP-UX 11i v2 Foundation OE bundles and additional applications such as GlancePlus Pak to enable an enterprise-level server. This OE is bundled as HP-UX 11i EOE.
HP-UX 11i v2Mission Critical OE(MCOE)
Designed for the large, powerful back-end application servers and database servers that access customer files and handle transaction processing, this OE contains the Enterprise OE bundles, plus applications such asMC/ServiceGuardand Workload Manager to enable a mission-critical server. This OE is bundled as HP-UX 11i MCOE.
HP-UX 11i v2Minimal Technical OE(MTOE)
Designed for workstations running HP-UX 11i v2, this OE includes the Mozilla Application Suite,Perl,VxVM,and Judy applications, plus theOpenGLGraphics Developer's Kit. This OE is bundled as HP-UX 11i MTOE.
HP-UX 11i v2Technical Computing OE(TCOE)
Designed for both compute-intensive workstation and server applications, this OE contains the MTOE bundles plus extensive graphics applications,MPIand Math Libraries. This OE is bundled as HP-UX 11i-TCOE.
HP-UX 11i v1 (11.11)
According to HP's roadmap,[23]was sold through December 2009, with continued support for v1 at least until December 2015.[24]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"HP-UX 11i v3 VSE-OE Media".support.hpe.Retrieved2024-04-18.
  2. ^"UNIX 03 - The Open Brand Register".The Open Group.Retrieved2023-03-22.
  3. ^"QuickSpecs for HP-UX 11i v3"(PDF).hpe.Retrieved2019-05-04.
  4. ^"Protect your environment".Hewlett-Packard.Archived fromthe originalon 2014-07-27.Retrieved2014-07-22.
  5. ^"HP-UX Standard Mode Security Extension product details".Hewlett-Packard.Archived fromthe originalon 2014-11-12.Retrieved2015-08-25.
  6. ^HP certifications
  7. ^"HP-UX 11i compatibility for HPE Integrity and HP 9000 servers"(PDF).Hewlett-Packard.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Retrieved9 March2019.
  8. ^"HP-UX support matrix"(PDF).Hewlett-Packard.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Retrieved2019-03-08.
  9. ^Wang, Scott W. Y.; Lindberg, Jeff B. (March 1984)."HP-UX: Implementation of UNIX on the HP 9000 Series 500 Computer Systems".Hewlett-Packard Journal.35(3): 7–15.Retrieved4 October2020.The basic strategy of the HP-UX implementation is to layer the HP-UX kernel definition on top of the SUN kernel. The exact System III UNIX semantics and syntax are kept, but the HP-UX intrinsics are implemented using SUN kernel support instead of porting the Bell Laboratories kernel implementation to the Series 500.
  10. ^"HP Catalog 1987"(PDF).Hewlett-Packard. 1987.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Retrieved2021-10-26.
  11. ^"Starbase Programming With X11"(PDF).Hewlett-Packard. 1988.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Retrieved2021-10-26.
  12. ^abLoftus, Chris (1994).ADA Yearbook 1994.IOS Press.ISBN90-5199-155-X.
  13. ^"HP Channels"(PDF).Hewlett-Packard. October 1989.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Retrieved2021-10-26.
  14. ^"HP-UX FAQ".unixguide.net.Retrieved2019-10-26.
  15. ^"HP-UX media release".Hp.Retrieved2013-01-30.
  16. ^Staff (2007-03-14)."HP-UX 11i compatibility for HP Integrity and HP 9000 servers"(PDF).HP. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2008-10-24.Retrieved2008-07-24.
  17. ^Staff (2007-02-15)."HP Eases Deployment of UNIX Virtualization with Newest HP-UX Operating System, HP Integrity Servers".HP.Retrieved2008-07-24.
  18. ^The Open Group (2007-02-27)."HP-UX 11i v3 Open Brand Certificate"(PDF).The Open Group.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Retrieved2008-11-14.
  19. ^Anton Shilov (2012-03-27)."Hewlett-Packard Sees Microsoft Windows and Linux as Viable Solutions for Mission-Critical Systems".Xbit laboratories. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-07-12.
  20. ^"Leverage the value of HP-UX 11i v3"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Retrieved2019-03-08.
  21. ^"Operating Environments"(PDF).QuickSpecs.Archived(PDF)from the original on 2022-10-09.Retrieved2019-03-08.
  22. ^"Integrity Servers with HP-UX for Mission Critical UNIX Environments".Choose the right operating environment for you.
  23. ^ab"HP UX — High Availability Unix | Mission Critical Infrastructure | HP®"(PDF).H20338.www2.hp. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2011-09-30.Retrieved2013-01-30.
  24. ^HP (2009-11-16)."HP-UX 11i server support matrix"(PDF).HP.Retrieved2009-12-01.
  • Scott W. Y. Wang and Jeff B. Lindberg "HP-UX: Implementation of UNIX on the HP 9000 Series 500 Computer Systems",Hewlett-Packard Journal (volume 35 number 3, March 1984)
  • Frank McConnell,More about the HP 9000,gaby.de
  • Hewlett-Packard Company, "HP-UX Reference, Vol. 1, HP-UX Release 6.5, December 1988", HP Part number 09000-90009
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