Habomai Islands
| Disputed islands | |
|---|---|
 Khabomai Rocks from space | |
  Habomai Islands | |
| Other names | Малые Курилы(Russian) Xỉ vũ quần đảo(Japanese) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Pacific Ocean |
| Coordinates | 43°30′N146°8′E/ 43.500°N 146.133°E |
| Archipelago | Kuril Islands |
| Total islands | 10 + several rocks |
| Area | 100 km2(39 sq mi) |
| Administration | |
| Federal subject | Sakhalin Oblast |
| District | Yuzhno-Kurilsky |
| Claimed by | |
| Prefecture | Hokkaido |
| Subprefecture | Nemuro |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 |
TheHabomai Islands(Russian:Хабомаи,romanized:Khabomai;Japanese:Xỉ vũ quần đảo,romanized:Habomai guntō) are a group of uninhabitedislets(but for the Russian guards stationed there)[1]in the southernmostKuril Islands.
The islands have been under Soviet / Russian administration since the1945 invasionby theSoviet Unionnear the end ofWorld War II.But together withIturup(Etorofu),Kunashir(Kunashiri), andShikotan,the islands areclaimedbyJapan.
History
[edit]
In the fifteenth century, theMatsumae clanmade efforts to administer the islands; by 1644 the islands had been mapped as Japanese territories.[2]
In 1732 the islands were mapped during theRussian Great Eastern Expedition.
TheTreaty of Shimoda,signed by Russia and Japan in 1855, recognised Japanese ownership of Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, and the Habomai Islands.[3]
The Habomai Islands were occupied by Soviet forces in the last few days ofWorld War II.The islands were eventually annexed by theSoviet Union,which deported all the island residents to Japan.[3]Moscow claimed the islands as part of a war-time agreement between the Allies (Yalta Agreement), which provided for the transfer of the Chishima (Kurile) Islands to the USSR in return for its participation in the Pacific War. However, Japan maintains that the Habomai Islands are not part of the Kuriles and are in fact part ofHokkaidoprefecture. On May 26, 1955, the United States submitted an application for proceedings against the Soviet Union. As part of the proceedings, the United States questioned the validity of the Soviet Union's claim to the Habomai Islands.[4]
In 1956, after difficult negotiations, the Soviet Unionagreedto cede the Habomai to Japan, along with Shikotan, after the conclusion of a peace treaty between the two countries.[5]As the treaty was never concluded, the islands remained under Soviet jurisdiction. However, the promise of a two-island solution (for the purpose of simplicity, the Habomai rocks count as one island) has been renewed in the Soviet-Japanese, and later Russo-Japanese negotiations. Formerly home to a Japanese fishing community, the islands are now uninhabited except for the Russian border guard outpost.
List of islands
[edit]| Island | Japanesename | Russianname | Ainutranscription(s) | Area km2 |
Highest point m |
LatitudeN | LongitudeE | Distance fromCape Nosappu[6] km |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shikotan | Sắc đan đảo しこたんとう Shikotan tō |
Остров Шикотан | si-kotan (Big village) | 255 | 412.6 | 43°47' | 146°44' | 73.3 |
| Spangberg channel(Habomai islands are shown below.) Shikotan channel | ||||||||
| Oskolki | Hải mã đảo かいばじま, とどじま Kaibajima, Todojima |
Остров Осколки | todo-mosir (Steller sea lionisland) | 1.5 | 38 | 43°34' | 146°24' | |
| Polonskogo | Nhiều lặc đảo たらくとう Taraku tō |
Остров Полонского | torar-uk (Take in the strap) | 11.69 | 25 | 43°37' | 146°19' | 45.5 |
| Chayka rock | カブ đảo かぶとう Kabu tō |
Скала Чайка | ||||||
| Petsernaya | カナクソ nham かなくそいわ Kanakuso iwa |
Скала Пещерная | ||||||
| Shishki | カブト đảo かぶととう Kabuto tō |
Острова Шишки | ||||||
| Polonskogo channel Taraku channel | ||||||||
| Zelyony | Chí phát đảo しぼつとう Shibotsu tō |
Остров Зелёный | sipe-op (A place where a shoal ofChum salmon) | 58.3 | 45 | 43°29' | 146°09' | 25.5 |
| Vojeikov channel Shibotsu channel | ||||||||
| Demina | Xuân ngải đảo はるかるとう Harukaru tō |
Острова Дёмина | haru-kar-kotan (Village of harvestingCardiocrinum cordatumbulbs) | 2 | 34 | 43°25' | 146°10' | |
| Yuri | Dũng lưu đảo ゆりとう Yuri tō |
Остров Юрий | urir (Cormorantisland) | 10 | 43°25' | 146°04' | 16.6 | |
| Yuri channel | ||||||||
| Anuchina | Thu dũng lưu đảo あきゆりとう Akiyuri tō |
Остров Анучина | aki-urir (Yuri's young brother) | 5 | 33 | 43°21' | 146°00' | 13.7 |
| Tanfilyeva | Thủy tinh đảo すいしょうとう Suishō tō |
Остров Танфильева | si-so (Big bare rock) | 21 | 15 | 43°26' | 145°55' | 7.2 |
| Goyōmai channel Sovetskiy channel | ||||||||
| Storozhevoy | Manh mậu mông đảo もえもしりとう Moemoshiri tō |
Остров Сторожевой | moi-mosir (A calm island) | 0.07 | 11.8 | 43°23' | 145°53' | 6.0 |
| Rifovy | オドケ đảo おどけとう Odoke tō |
Остров Рифовый | 0.001 | 3.6 | 43°23' | 145°52' | ||
| Signalny | Bối xác đảo かいがらじま Kaigarajima |
Остров Сигнальный | kay-ka-ra-i (Low thing above the wave) | 43°23' | 145°51' | 3.7 | ||
| Cape Nosappu, Hokkaido | ||||||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"An Overview of the Northern Territories".hoppou.go.jp.Retrieved19 March2023.
- ^"The Kurile Islands Dispute".mandalaprojects.November 1997.Retrieved22 March2023.
- ^ab"Kuril islands dispute between Russia and Japan".BBC.Retrieved18 May2015.
- ^"October 7, 1952 Incident (Habomai Islands): Application by the United States to the International Court of Justice, May 26, 1955".Yale Law School.Retrieved18 May2015.
- ^"Texts of Soviet–Japanese Statements; Peace Declaration Trade Protocol."The New York Times,page 2, October 20, 1956.
Subtitle: "Moscow, October 19. (UP) – Following are the texts of a Soviet–Japanese peace declaration and of a trade protocol between the two countries, signed here today, in unofficial translation from the Russian". Quote: "...The U.S.S.R. and Japan have agreed to continue, after the establishment of normal diplomatic relations between them, negotiations for the conclusion of a peace treaty. Hereby, the U.S.S.R., in response to the desires of Japan and taking into consideration the interest of the Japanese state, agrees to hand over to Japan the Habomai and the Shikotan Islands, provided that the actual changing over to Japan of these islands will be carried out after the conclusion of a peace treaty..." - ^Phương bắc lãnh thổ の tư phương bắc đối sách bản bộ - Nội Các phủ(in Japanese)(tr. "The Northern Territories Northern Territories Headquarters - Cabinet Office Home Page")www8.cao.go.jp,Cabinet Office, accessed 19 March 2023