Hadendoa
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 Sudan | 63,000 (2012)[1] |
 Eritrea | 20,000 (1970)[2] |
 Egypt | Unknown |
| Languages | |
| Beja(Bidhaawyeet) | |
| Religion | |
| Islam[3] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| OtherBeja | |
Hadendoa(orHadendowa) is the name of anomadicsubdivision of theBeja people,known for their support of theMahdiyyah rebellionduring the 1880s to 1890s.[4]The area historically inhabited by the Hadendoa lies today in parts ofSudan,EgyptandEritrea.
Etymology
[edit]According to Roper (1930), the nameHaɖanɖiwais made up ofhaɖa'lion' and(n)ɖiwa'clan'. Other variants areHaɖai ɖiwa,HanɖiwaandHaɖaatʼar(children of lioness).[5]
Language
[edit]The language of the Hadendoa is a dialect ofBedawi.[6][3]
History
[edit]
The southern Beja were part of the Christian kingdom ofAxumduring the sixth to fourteenth centuries. In the fifteenth century, Axum fell to theIslamization of the Sudan region,and although the Beja were never entirely subjugated, they were absorbed into Islam via marriages and trade contracts. In the seventeenth century, some of the Beja expanded southward, conquering better pastures. These became the Hadendoa, who by the eighteenth century were the dominant people of eastern Sudan, and always at war with theBisharin tribe.[6]
Extensive anthropological research was done on Egyptian tribes in the late 1800s and a number of skulls of people of the Hadendoa tribe were taken to the Royal College of Surgeons to be measured and studied.[7][8]
The Hadendoa were traditionally apastoralpeople, ruled by a hereditary chief,[9]called a Ma'ahes. One of the best-known chiefs was a Mahdist general namedOsman Digna.He led them in the battles, from 1883 to 1898, against theAnglo-Egyptian Sudan(theUnited KingdomandEgyptwere exercising joint sovereignty in Sudan.[10]They fought the Britishinfantry squarein many battles, such as in theBattle of Tamaiin 1884 and in theBattle of Tofrekin 1885[11]and earned an enviable reputation for their bravery.[12]After the reconquest of theEgyptian Sudan(1896–1898), the Hadendoa accepted the new order without demur.[13][9]
In World War II, the Hadendoa allied themselves with the British againstthe Italians.
In popular culture
[edit]- Their elaborately styled hair gained them the nameFuzzy-Wuzzyamong British troops during theMahdist War,after whichRudyard Kiplingwrote the poem by the same name.[14]
- Corporal Jones, a character inDad's Armyfrequently referred to the "Fuzzy-Wuzzies" when discussing his exploits in the army of Lord Kitchener.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Sudan".RetrievedFebruary 27,2024.
- ^"Languages of Eritrea".Retrieved27 September2023.
- ^abOrville Boyd Jenkins,Profile of the Beja people(1996, 2009)
- ^Martin, Hugh (1899)Kassala: An Historical SketchinThe United Service Magazine.London: William Clowes & Son. 1899. pp. 58–.
- ^Roper, E. M. (1928).Tu Bedawie: an elementary handbook for the use of Sudan government officials.Hertford: Stephen Austin and Sons, Ltd.Archivedfrom the original on 12 July 2017.Retrieved25 November2016.
- ^abBurckhardt, John Lewis (1819).Travels in Nubia: by the late John Lewis Burckhardt.Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa.Retrieved24 November2016.
- ^The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.Royal Anthropological Institute. 1877. p. 607.
- ^Foole, Reginald Stuart (1887)."The Egyptian Classification".The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.16:370–379.Retrieved10 December2016.
- ^abOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Hadendoa".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 798.
- ^"Anglo-Egyptian Sudan".World Digital Library.Library of Congress.Retrieved25 November2016.
- ^Monick, S. (1985). "The Political Martyr: General Gordon and the Fall of Kartum".Military History Journal.6(6).
- ^Allen, W. H. (1887).The Battle of Tofrek(4th ed.). Galloway. Archived fromthe originalon 31 March 2016.Retrieved25 November2016.
- ^Wingate, F. R. (June 16, 1923). "The True Story of Osman Dinga".The Graphic.
- ^Hitchens, Christopher(June 2002)."A Man of Permanent Contradictions".The Atlantic.Retrieved5 October2016.
External links
[edit]
Media related toHadendoaat Wikimedia Commons
