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Haplogroup V (mtDNA)

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Haplogroup V
Possible time of originOver 14,000 years BP[1]
Possible place of originEurope(southern)
AncestorHV0a
DescendantsV1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9, V10, V11, V12, V14, V15, V16, V17, V18, V22, V23, V24, V25, V26, V27, V28
Defining mutations4580[2]

Haplogroup Vis ahuman mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.The clade is believed to have originated over 14,000 years ago inSouthern Europe.[3][4]

Origin

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Haplogroup V derives from the HV0a subclade ofhaplogroup HV.In 1998 it was argued that V spread over Europe from an Ice Age refuge inIberia.[3]However more recent estimates of the date of V would place it in theNeolithic.[1]

Distribution

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Haplogroup V is a relatively rare mtDNA haplogroup, occurring in around 4% of native Europeans.[5]Its highest concentration is among theSaamipeople of northernFennoscandia(~59%). It has been found at a frequency of approximately 10% among the Maris of the Volga-Ural region, leading to the suggestion that this region might be the source of the V among the Saami.[6][7]Haplogroup V has been observed at higher than average levels amongCantabrian people(15%) of northernIberia,[8]and among the adjacentBasque(10.4%).[9]

Haplogroup V is also found in parts ofNorthwest Africa.It is mainly concentrated among theTuareginhabiting theGorom-Goromarea inBurkina Faso(21%),[10]Sahrawiin theWestern Sahara(17.9%),[11]andBerbersofMatmata, Tunisia(16.3%).[12]The rare V7a subclade occurs amongAlgeriansinOran(1.08%) andReguibateSahrawi (1.85%).[13]

Ancient DNA

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MtDNA haplogroup V has been reported in Neolithic remains of theLinear Pottery cultureat Halberstadt, Germany c. 5000 BC[14]and Derenburg Meerenstieg, Germany c. 4910 BC.[15]Haplogroup V7 was found in representativeMaykop culturesamples in the excavations conducted byAlexei Rezepkin.[16]Haplogroup V has been detected in representatives Trypil'ska and Unetice culture.[17][18]

Haplogroup V has also been found amongIberomaurusianspecimens dating from theEpipaleolithicat theTaforaltprehistoric site 14,000 years BP.[19]

Haplogroup V has also been found among Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture specimens dating from the Bronze Age from Western Hungaryhttps:// biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478968v1.full.pdf

Tree

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This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup V subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred KayserUpdated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2]and subsequent published research.

  • V
    • V1
      • V1a found mostly from central to northeast Europe
        • V1a1 found in Scandinavia (including Lapland), Finland and Baltic countries
        • V1a2 found in Bronze Age Poland
      • V1b found in Germany, Poland
    • V2 found in the British Isles
      • V2a found in Ireland
      • V2b found in England, Germany, Denmark, Poland, Spain
        • V2b1
      • V2c found in Norway,[21]Denmark, England, Ireland, Switzerland
    • V3 found in northwest Europe / found in Late Neolithic Hungary (Bell Beaker)
      • V3b
      • V3c found in northern, central and eastern Europe
    • V4 found in France
    • V5 found in Lapland
    • V6 found in northwest Europe
    • V7
      • V7a found mostly in Slavic countries, but also in Scandinavia, Germany and France[22]
      • V7b found in eastern Europe and France[23]
    • V8 found in North Europe
    • V9
      • V9a found in the British Isles
        • V9a1
        • V9a2 found in Ireland, England, Scotland (Shetland), Denmark
    • V10 found in the British Isles, northwest France and Sweden / found in Bell Beaker Scotland
      • V10a found in Sweden,[24]Ireland,[25]Spain[26]
      • V10b found in EBA England
    • V11 found in Italy (Calabria)[27]
    • V12 found in Germany
    • V13 found in Poland and Russia
    • V14 found in Poland and Iberia
    • V15 found in England, Norway and Armenia
    • V16 found in Britain, Germany and Denmark
    • V17 found in England / found in Late Neolithic France
    • V18 found in the Netherlands, Germany and Italy
      • V18a found in Slavic countries, Sweden, Denmark, Spain, and the Netherlands[29]
    • V19 found in the United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland), Ireland
    • V20 found in Norway
    • V21
    • V22 found in Spain (includingBasques) and France (Basques)
    • V23
    • V24
    • V25 found in South Europe,Berbersof Algeria and Morocco[30]
    • V26 found in Denmark and Germany
    • V27 found in Denmark
    • V28 found in Denmark
    • V29
    • V30
    • V31
    • V32
    • V33
    • V34
    • V35
    • V36
    • V37
    • V38
    • V39
    • V40
    • V41
    • V42
    • V43
    • V44
    • V45
    • V46
    • V47
    • V48
    • V49
    • V50
    • V51
    • V52
    • V53
    • V54
    • V55
    • V56
    • V57
    • V58
    • V59
    • V60
    • V61
    • V62
    • V63
    • V64
    • V65
    • V66
    • V67
    • V68
    • V69
    • V70
    • V71
    • V72
    • V73
    • V74
    • V75
    • V76
    • V77
    • V78
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See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toHaplogroup V (mtDNA).

Phylogenetic tree ofhuman mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

Mitochondrial Eve(L)
L0 L1–6
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6
M N
CZ D E G Q O A S R I W X Y
C Z B F R0 pre-JT P U
HV JT K
H V J T

References

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  1. ^abBehar DM, et al. (2012)."A" Copernican "Reassessment of the Human Mitochondrial DNA Tree from its Root".The American Journal of Human Genetics.90(4): 675–684.doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002.PMC3322232.PMID22482806.
  2. ^abvan Oven M, Kayser M (Feb 2009)."Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation".Human Mutation.30(2): E386–94.doi:10.1002/humu.20921.PMID18853457.S2CID27566749.
  3. ^abTorroni A, et al. (1998)."mtDNA Analysis Reveals a Major Late Paleolithic Population Expansion from Southwestern to Northeastern Europe".American Journal of Human Genetics.62(5): 1137–1152.doi:10.1086/301822.PMC1377079.PMID9545392.
  4. ^Brandstätter, Anita; Zimmermann, Bettina; Wagner, Janine; Göbel, Tanja; Röck, Alexander W.; Salas, Antonio; Carracedo, Angel; Parson, Walther (2008-07-04)."Timing and deciphering mitochondrial DNA macro-haplogroup R0 variability in Central Europe and Middle East".BMC Evolutionary Biology.8(1): 191.Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..191B.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-191.ISSN1471-2148.PMC2491632.PMID18601722.
  5. ^Bryan Sykes(2001).The Seven Daughters of Eve.London; New York: Bantam Press.ISBN978-0393020182.
  6. ^Ingman M, Gyllensten U (2007)."A recent genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia".European Journal of Human Genetics.15(1): 115–120.doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201712.PMID16985502.
  7. ^Tambets K, Rootsi S, Kivisild T, Help H, Serk P, et al. (2004)."The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic" Outliers "Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes".American Journal of Human Genetics.74(4): 661–682.doi:10.1086/383203.PMC1181943.PMID15024688.
  8. ^Maca-Meyer N, Sánchez-Velasco P, Flores C, Larruga JM, González AM, Oterino A, Leyva-Cobián F (Jul 2003)."Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA characterization of Pasiegos, a human isolate from Cantabria (Spain)"(PDF).Annals of Human Genetics.67(Pt 4): 329–39.CiteSeerX10.1.1.584.4253.doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00045.x.PMID12914567.S2CID40355653.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2007-04-04.Retrieved2012-08-08.
  9. ^Soares P, Ermini L, Thomson N, Mormina M, Rito T, Röhl A, Salas A, Oppenheimer S, Macaulay V, Richards MB (2009)."Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock".The American Journal of Human Genetics.84(6): 82–93.doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001.PMC2694979.PMID19500773.
  10. ^Luísa Pereira; Viktor Černý; María Cerezo; Nuno M Silva; Martin Hájek; Alžběta Vašíková; Martina Kujanová; Radim Brdička; Antonio Salas (17 March 2010)."Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel".European Journal of Human Genetics.18(8): 915–923.doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.21.PMC2987384.PMID20234393.
  11. ^S. Plaza; F. Calafell; A. Helal; N. Bouzerna; G. Lefranc; J. Bertranpetit; D. Comas (July 2003). "Joining the Pillars of Hercules: mtDNA Sequences Show Multidirectional Gene Flow in the Western Mediterranean".Annals of Human Genetics.67(4): 312–328.doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00039.x.PMID12914566.S2CID11201992.
  12. ^Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Plaza S, Calafell F, Ben Amor M, Comas D, Bennamar El gaaied A (May 2004). "Mitochondrial DNA heterogeneity in Tunisian Berbers".Annals of Human Genetics.68(Pt 3): 222–33.doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00096.x.PMID15180702.S2CID6407058.
  13. ^Asmahan Bekada; Lara R. Arauna; Tahria Deba; Francesc Calafell; Soraya Benhamamouch; David Comas (September 24, 2015)."Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations".PLOS ONE.10(9): e0138453.Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1038453B.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138453.PMC4581715.PMID26402429.;S5 Table
  14. ^W. Haak et al., Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites,Science,vol. 310, no. 5750 (2005), pp. 1016-1018.
  15. ^W. Haak, et al., Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities,PLOS Biology,vol. 8, no.11 (November 2010), e1000536.
  16. ^A. V. Nedoluzhko,E. S. Boulygina,A. S. Sokolov,S. V. Tsygankova,N. M. Gruzdeva,A. D. Rezepkin,E. B. Prokhortchouk.Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genome of a Novosvobodnaya Culture Representative using Next-Generation Sequencing and Its Relation to the Funnel Beaker Culture
  17. ^A. G. Nikitin et al. (2010)Comprehensive site chronology and ancient Mitochondrial DNA analysis from Verteba cave – a trypillian culture site of eneolithic Ukraine
  18. ^Unetice Culture (c. 2300-1600 BCE)
  19. ^Bernard Secher; Rosa Fregel; José M Larruga; Vicente M Cabrera; Phillip Endicott; José J Pestano; Ana M González (2014)."The history of the North African mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 gene flow into the African, Eurasian and American continents".BMC Evolutionary Biology.14(1): 109.Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14..109S.doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-109.PMC4062890.PMID24885141.
  20. ^GenBankAccession number:MN516627.1
  21. ^GenBankAccession number:MF077563.1
  22. ^Brook, Kevin Alan (2022).The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews.Academic Studies Press. pp. 118–119.doi:10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn.ISBN978-1644699843.S2CID254519342.
  23. ^Brook, Kevin Alan (2022).The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews.Academic Studies Press. p. 119.doi:10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn.ISBN978-1644699843.S2CID254519342.
  24. ^GenBankAccession number:KF964063.1
  25. ^GenBankAccession number:KX868658.1
  26. ^GenBankAccession number:MK036913.1
  27. ^GenBankAccession number:JX153279.1
  28. ^"PhyloTree.org | tree | R0".
  29. ^Brook, Kevin Alan (2022).The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews.Academic Studies Press. pp. 120–121.doi:10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn.ISBN978-1644699843.S2CID254519342.
  30. ^GenBankAccession number:OL875073.1
  31. ^Gates Jr., Henry Louis (2015).Finding Your Roots: The Official Companion to the PBS Series.The University of North Carolina Press. p. 110.
  32. ^Gates Jr., Henry Louis (2015).Finding Your Roots: The Official Companion to the PBS Series.The University of North Carolina Press. p. 110.
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