Haplology

Haplology(fromGreekἁπλόοςhaplóos"simple" andλόγοςlógos,"speech" ) is, in spoken language, theelision(elimination or deletion) of an entiresyllableor a part of it throughdissimilation(a differentiating shift that affects two neighboring similar sounds). The phenomenon was identified by Americanphilologist Maurice Bloomfieldin the 20th century.^[1]Linguists sometimes jokingly refer to the phenomenon as "haplogy",anautology.^[2]As a general rule, haplology occurs in English adverbs of adjectives ending in "le", for examplegentlely→gently;ablely→ably.

Examples[edit]

Basque:sagarrardo→sagardo('apple cider')
German:Zaubererin→Zauberin(female 'wizard' or 'magician'; male: der Zauberer; female ending -in); this is a productive pattern applied to other words ending in (spelt)-erer.
Dutch:narcissisme→narcisme('narcissism')
French:fémininité→féminité('femininity')
English:
- Old EnglishEngla land→Engle lond→England^[1]
- Old Englishcyning→ Englishking
- morphophonology→morphonology^[3]
- conservativism→conservatism
- mononomial→monomial
- urine analysis→urinalysis
- Colloquial (non-standard andeye dialectspellings signalled by *):
  - library(RP:/ˈlaɪbrəri/) → *libry/ˈlaɪbri/
  - particularly→ *particuly
  - probably→ *probly
  - February→ *Feburyor *Febr(u)y(compare e.g.Austrian GermanFeber)
  - representative→ *representive
  - authoritative→ *authoritive
  - deteriorate→ *deteriate
Latin:
- nutritrix→nutrix('nurse')
- idololatria→idolatria(henceidolatry)
Biological Latin:
- Hamamelididae(disallowed spelling:Hamamelidae)
- Nycterididae→Nycteridae^[4]
- Anomalocaridid→ Anomalocarid
Homeric Greek:amphiphoreus(ἀμφιφορεύς) →amphoreus(ἀμφορεύς) ('two-handled pitcher,amphora')^[5]
Arabic:
- tataqātalūna(تَتَقَاتَلُونَ) →taqātalūna(تَقَاتَلُونَ) ('you are fighting each other')^[6]
- * ʾaʾkulu(*أَأْكُلُ) →ʾākulu(آكُلُ) ('I eat')
Spanish:impudicicia→impudicia('lack of modesty', i.e. the nominal form ofimpúdico,'immodest')^[7]
Portuguese:
- idadoso→idoso(aged person, senior)
- femininismo→feminismo(feminism)
- Colloquially in sequences likecampo pequenopronounced like "campequeno" orfaculdade de letraspronounced like "faculdadletras".
Italian:
- tragico-comico→tragicomico('tragicomic')
- domani mattina→domattina('tomorrow morning')

Reduplication[edit]

The reverse process is known asreduplication,the doubling of phonological material.

Notes[edit]

^^a ^b"Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for February 6, 2008".Merriam-Webster Online.Retrieved2008-02-06.
^U. Pani Shad; et al. (1971)."Glossary of linguistic terminology".In Zwicky, Arnold M.; Salus, Peter H.; Binnick, Robert I.; Vanek, Anthony L. (eds.).Studies out in Left Field: Defamatory essays presented toJames D. McCawleyon his 33rd or 34th birthday.Linguistic Research. p. 125.Reprinted as:U. Pani Shad; et al. (1992)."Glossary of linguistic terminology".In Zwicky, Arnold M.; Salus, Peter H.; Binnick, Robert I.; Vanek, Anthony L. (eds.).Studies out in Left Field: Defamatory essays presented toJames D. McCawleyon his 33rd or 34th birthday.John Benjamins. p. 125.doi:10.1075/z.63.ISBN 978-90-272-2111-7.
^Trubetskoy, N.S.(1969)."Appendix II: Thoughts on Morphonology".In Baltaxe (transl.), Christiane A. M. (ed.).Principles of Phonology.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 305.ISBN 0-520-01535-5.By morphonology or morphophonology we understand, as is well known, the study of the utilization in morphology of the phonological means of language.Translated from the German (Grundzüge der Phonologie,Prague, 1939).
^"Mammal Species of the World - Browse: Nycteridae".bucknell.edu.Retrieved2010-06-19.
^Hock, Hans Henrich (1986). "Sound change: Dissimilation, haplology, metathesis".Principles of Historical Linguistics.De Gruyter. p. 109.ISBN 3-11-010600-0.
^Kaye, Alan (1987). "Arabic". In Bernard Comrie (ed.).The World's Major Languages.Oxford University Press. p.567.ISBN 0-19-520521-9.
^"DRAE entry for 'impudicicia'".Diccionario de la lengua española Vigésima tercera edición(in Spanish).Retrieved2017-11-02.

References[edit]

Crowley, Terry. (1997)An Introduction to Historical Linguistics.3rd edition. Oxford University Press.

[M-W-1] "Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for February 6, 2008".Merriam-Webster Online.Retrieved2008-02-06.

[2] U. Pani Shad; et al. (1971)."Glossary of linguistic terminology".In Zwicky, Arnold M.; Salus, Peter H.; Binnick, Robert I.; Vanek, Anthony L. (eds.).Studies out in Left Field: Defamatory essays presented toJames D. McCawleyon his 33rd or 34th birthday.Linguistic Research. p. 125.Reprinted as:U. Pani Shad; et al. (1992)."Glossary of linguistic terminology".In Zwicky, Arnold M.; Salus, Peter H.; Binnick, Robert I.; Vanek, Anthony L. (eds.).Studies out in Left Field: Defamatory essays presented toJames D. McCawleyon his 33rd or 34th birthday.John Benjamins. p. 125.doi:10.1075/z.63.ISBN 978-90-272-2111-7.

[3] Trubetskoy, N.S.(1969)."Appendix II: Thoughts on Morphonology".In Baltaxe (transl.), Christiane A. M. (ed.).Principles of Phonology.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 305.ISBN 0-520-01535-5.By morphonology or morphophonology we understand, as is well known, the study of the utilization in morphology of the phonological means of language.Translated from the German (Grundzüge der Phonologie,Prague, 1939).

[4] "Mammal Species of the World - Browse: Nycteridae".bucknell.edu.Retrieved2010-06-19.

[5] Hock, Hans Henrich (1986). "Sound change: Dissimilation, haplology, metathesis".Principles of Historical Linguistics.De Gruyter. p. 109.ISBN 3-11-010600-0.

[6] Kaye, Alan (1987). "Arabic". In Bernard Comrie (ed.).The World's Major Languages.Oxford University Press. p.567.ISBN 0-19-520521-9.

[7] "DRAE entry for 'impudicicia'".Diccionario de la lengua española Vigésima tercera edición(in Spanish).Retrieved2017-11-02.

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Examples[edit]

Reduplication[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]