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Haripuñjaya

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Haripuñjaya/Hariphunchai
หริภุญชัย(Thai)
Haripuñjaya(Pali)
629–1281
Mainland Southeast Asia in 1100 CE
Mainland Southeast Asia in 1100 CE
CapitalHaripuñjaya (Lamphun)
Common languagesMon,Pali,Lawa,Northern Thai
Religion
Buddhism(Theravada,Mahayana)
GovernmentMandala kingdom
Monarch
• 662-669, or 662-679, or 659-688
Camadevi (Jamadevi)
• c. 1281
Yip (Yi Ba)
Historical eraPost-classical
• Legendary founding of Haripuñjaya by Suthep
629
• More probable founding of Haripuñjaya
750
• Besieged and captured byNgoenyang
1281
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Dvaravati
Lopburi
Ngoenyang

Haripuñjaya[1][2][3](CentralandNorthern Thai:หริภุญชัยRTGS:Hariphunchai,also spelledHaribhuñjaya) was aMonkingdom in what is nowNorthern Thailand,existing from the 7th or 8th to 13th centuryCE.Its capital was atLamphun,which at the time was also called Haripuñjaya.[4]: 77 In 1292 the city was besieged and captured byMangraiof theTaikingdom ofLan Na.[4]: 208 

Founding

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According to theCamadevivamsaand "Jinakalamali"chronicles, the city was founded by a hermit namedSuthepin 629 AD, and the Mon ruler ofLavo Kingdom(present-dayLopburi) sent his daughterJamadevito become its first queen. However, this date is now considered as too early, and the actual beginning is placed at around 750 AD.[citation needed]At that time, most of what is now central Thailand was under the rule of various Mon city states, known collectively as theDvaravatikingdom. Queen Jamadevi gave birth to twins, the older succeeding her as the ruler of Lamphun, and the younger becoming ruler of neighboringLampang.

Flourishing and downfall

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A Haripuñjaya statue of theBuddha Shakyamunifrom the 12th-13th century CE

The kingdom under King Adityaraja, came into conflict with the Khmers in the twelfth century. Lamphun inscriptions from 1213, 1218, and 1219, mention King Sabbadhisiddhi endowing Buddhist monuments.[4]: 195 

The chronicles say that theKhmerunsuccessfully besieged Haripuñjaya several times during the 11th century. It is not clear if the chronicles describe actual or legendary events, but the other Dvaravati Mon kingdoms did in fact fall to the Khmers at this time. The early 13th century was a golden time for Haripuñjaya, as the chronicles talk only about religious activities or constructing buildings, not about wars. Nevertheless, Haripuñjaya was besieged in 1292 by theTai YuankingMangrai,who incorporated it into hisLan Na( "One Million Rice Fields" ) kingdom. The plan set up by Mangrai to overpower Haripuñjaya began by dispatching Ai Fa (Thai:อ้ายฟ้า) on an espionage mission to create chaos in Haripuñjaya. Ai Fa managed to spread discontent among the population, which weakened Haripuñjaya and made it possible for Mangrai to take the kingdom over.[5]: 38 [6][7][8]Phraya Yi Ba, the last king of Haripuñjaya, was forced to flee south toLampang.[4]: 208–209 

List of rulers

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Names of monarchs of the Haripuñjaya kingdom according to Tamnan Hariphunchai (History of Kingdom of Haripuñjaya):[citation needed]

  1. Camadevi(662-669)
  2. Hanayos(669-749)
  3. Kumanjaraj(749-789)
  4. Rudantra(789-816)
  5. Sonamanjusaka(816-846)
  6. Samsara(846-856)
  7. Padumaraj(856-886)
  8. Kusadeva(886-894)
  9. Nokaraj
  10. Dasaraj
  11. Gutta
  12. Sera
  13. Yuvaraj
  14. Brahmtarayo
  15. Muksa
  16. Traphaka
  17. Uchitajakraphad, King of Lavo
  18. Kampol
  19. Jakaphadiraj, King of Atikuyaburi
  20. Vasudev
  21. Yeyyala
  22. Maharaj, King of Lampang
  23. Sela
  24. Kanjana
  25. Chilanka
  26. Phunthula
  27. Ditta
  28. Chettharaj
  29. Jeyakaraj
  30. Phatijjaraj
  31. Thamikaraj
  32. Ratharaj
  33. Saphasith
  34. Chettharaj
  35. Jeyakaraj
  36. Datvanyaraj
  37. Ganga
  38. Siribun
  39. Uthen
  40. Phanton
  41. Atana
  42. Havam
  43. Trangal(1195-1196)
  44. Yotta(1196-1270)
  45. Yip(1270-1292)

References

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  1. ^Robert L. Brown (1996).The Dvāravatī Wheels of the Law and the Indianization of South East Asia.Brill.
  2. ^Donald K. Swearer; Sommai Premchit, eds. (1998).The Legend of Queen Cāma: Bodhiraṃsi's Cāmadevīvaṃsa, a Translation and Commentary.State University of New York Press.
  3. ^David K. Wyatt (2004).Thailand: A Short History(2nd ed.). Silkworm Press. pp. 15, 21, 24–26, 34–37.
  4. ^abcdCoedès, George(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).The Indianized States of Southeast Asia.trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press.ISBN978-0-8248-0368-1.
  5. ^Ministry of Education (1 January 2002)."Chiang Mai: Nop Buri Si Nakhon Ping".Retrieved26 February2021.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^"The Chiang Mai Chronicle / Summary".Archived fromthe originalon 30 September 2021.Retrieved26 February2021.
  7. ^Janos Jany (8 April 2020).Legal Traditions in Asia: History, Concepts and Laws.Springer. p. 288.ISBN9783030437282.Retrieved26 February2021.
  8. ^"Lanna".Retrieved26 February2021.
  • 'Historic Lamphun: Capital of the Mon Kingdom of Haripunchai', in: Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David,Ancient Chiang MaiVolume 4. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012.ASINB006J541LE
  • Swearer, Donald K. and Sommai Premchit. The Legend of Queen Cama: Bodhiramsi's Camadevivamsa, a Translation and Commentary. New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.
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