Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Harrisburg

*Harrisbarrig*(Pennsylvania German)
Harrisburg Harrisbarrig(Pennsylvania German)
State capital
	Harrisburg skyline Pennsylvania State Capitol Walnut Street Bridge Pride of the Susquehanna Broad Street Market
	Flag Seal Official Logo
	Interactive map of Harrisburg
	Harrisburg Harrisburg
	Coordinates:40°16′11″N76°52′32″W/ 40.26972°N 76.87556°W
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
County	Dauphin
European settlement	c.1719;305 years ago
Incorporated	1791;233 years ago
Charter	March 19, 1860;164 years ago
Founded by	John Harris, Jr.
Named for	John Harris, Sr.
Government
• Type	Mayor-Council
•Mayor	Wanda Williams(D)
•City Controller	Charlie DeBrunner (D)
•City Council	Council Members
•State Senate	John DiSanto(R)
•State Representative	Patty Kim(D)
Area
• City	11.86 sq mi (30.73 km2)
• Land	8.12 sq mi (21.03 km2)
• Water	3.75 sq mi (9.70 km2)
• Urban	259.7 sq mi (672.6 km2)
Elevation	335 ft (102 m)
Population (2020)
• City	50,099
• Estimate (2022)	50,183
• Density	6,174.26/sq mi (2,383.98/km2)
•Urban	490,859 (US: 86th)
• Urban density	1,961.5/sq mi (757.3/km2)
•Metro	591,712 (US: 98th)
•CSA	1,295,259 (US: 46th)
Demonym(s)	Harrisburger, Harrisburgian
Time zone	UTC−5(EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4(EDT)
ZIP Codes	17101-17113, 17120-17130, 17140, 17177
Area code	717 and 223
FIPS code	42-32800
GNISfeature ID	1213649
Interstates	I-76,I-81,I-83andI-283
Waterways	Susquehanna River
Primary Airport	Harrisburg International Airport- MDT (Major/International)
Secondary Airport	Capital City Airport- CXY (Minor)
Public transit	Capital Area Transit
Website	harrisburgpa.gov
Pennsylvania Historical Marker
Designated	September 23, 1946

Harrisburg(/ˈhærɪsˌbɜːrɡ/,Pennsylvania German:Harrisbarrig) is thecapital cityof theU.S. commonwealthofPennsylvaniaand theseatofDauphin County.With a population of 50,099 as of2020,Harrisburg is theninth-most populous cityin Pennsylvania. It is the larger principal city of theHarrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area,also known as theSusquehanna Valley,which had a population of 591,712 in 2020 and is thefourth-most populous metro areain Pennsylvania.^[8]Harrisburg is situated on the east bank of theSusquehanna Riverand is located 83 miles (134 km) southwest ofAllentownand 107 miles (172 km) northwest ofPhiladelphia.

Harrisburg played a role in American history during theWestward Migration,theAmerican Civil War,and theIndustrial Revolution.During part of the 19th century, the building of thePennsylvania Canaland later thePennsylvania Railroadallowed Harrisburg to develop into one of the most industrialized cities in theNortheastern United States.In the mid- to late 20th century, the city's economic fortunes fluctuated with its major industries consisting of government,heavy manufacturing,agriculture,and food services. These economic fluctuations contributed to Harrisburg experiencing a decline of nearly half its population between 1950 and 2000. However, the region is seen as financially stable in part due to the high concentration ofstateandfederal governmentagencies.^[9]

ThePennsylvania Farm Show,the largest indoor agriculture exposition in the U.S., was first held in Harrisburg in 1917 and has been held there every early to mid-January since.^[10]The city also hosts the annualGreat American Outdoor Show,the largest of its kind in the world, amongmany other events.Harrisburg experienced theThree Mile Island accidenton March 28, 1979, in nearbyMiddletown.

History

Founding

Harrisburg's site along theSusquehanna Riveris thought to have been inhabited byNative Americansas early as 3000 BC. Known to the Native Americans as "Peixtin", or "Paxtang",the area was an important resting place and crossroads for Native American traders with trails leading from theDelawareto theOhiorivers and from thePotomacto the UpperSusquehannaintersecting there.

17th century

The first European contact with Native Americans in Pennsylvania was made by EnglishmanCaptain John Smith,who journeyed fromVirginiaup the Susquehanna River in 1608 and visited with theSusquehannatribe.

18th century

In 1719,John Harris, Sr.,an English trader, settled here and 14 years later secured grants of 800 acres (3.2 km²) in this vicinity. In 1785,John Harris, Jr.made plans to lay out a town on his father's land, which he named Harrisburg. In the spring of 1785, the town was formally surveyed byWilliam Maclay,who was a son-in-law of John Harris, Sr. In 1791, Harrisburg became incorporated, and in October 1812 it was named the Pennsylvania state capital, which it has remained ever since. The assembling here of the highly sectional Harrisburg Convention in 1827 (signaling what may have been the birth of lobbying on a national scale) led to the passage of the highprotective-tariff billof 1828.^[11]

In 1839,William Henry HarrisonandJohn Tylerwere nominated forpresidentandvice president of the United Statesat the firstnational conventionof theWhig Partyof the United States, which was held in Harrisburg.

19th century

Before Harrisburg gained its first industries, it was a scenic, pastoral town: compact and surrounded by farmland. In 1822, the impressive brick capitol was completed for $200,000 (~$5.78 million in 2023).^[12]

Harrisburg's strategic location gave it an advantage over many other towns; it was settled as a trading post in 1719 at a location important to westward expansion, past theBlue Mountain range.TheSusquehanna Riverflowed generally west to east at this location, providing a route for boat traffic from the east. The head of navigation was a short distance northwest of the town, where the river flowed through the pass. Persons arriving from the east by boat had to exit at Harrisburg and prepare for an overland journey westward through the mountain pass. Harrisburg assumed importance as a provisioning stop at this point where westward bound pioneers transitioned from river travel to overland travel. It was partly because of its strategic location that the state legislature selected the small town of Harrisburg to become the state capital in 1812.

The grandeur of the Colonial Revival capitol dominated the quaint town. The streets were dirt, but orderly and platted in grid pattern. ThePennsylvania Canalwas built in 1834 and coursed the length of the town. The residential houses were situated on only a few city blocks stretching southward from the capitol. They were mostly one story. No factories were present but there were blacksmith shops and other businesses.^[13]

During the first part of the 19th century, Harrisburg was a notable stopping place along theUnderground Railroad,aspersons escaping slaveryutilized the Susquehanna River to access food and supplies before heading north towards Canada.^[14]

During theAmerican Civil War,Harrisburg was a significant training center for theUnion Army,with tens of thousands of troops passing throughCamp Curtin.It was also a major rail center for the Union and a vital link between the Atlantic coast and the Midwest, with several railroads running through the city and spanning the Susquehanna River. As a result of this importance, it was a target ofGeneral Robert E. Lee'sArmy of Northern Virginiaduring its two invasions. The first time during the 1862Maryland Campaign,when Lee planned to capture the city after takingHarpers Ferry, West Virginia,but was prevented from doing so by theBattle of Antietamand his subsequent retreat back into Virginia. The second attempt was made during theGettysburg Campaignin 1863 and was more substantial. Under orders from Gen. Robert E. Lee directly,Confederate Lt. Gen.Richard S. Ewell's Second Corps were tasked with capturing Harrisburg and disrupting the vital Union supply and rail lines. However, Ewell's forces were intercepted by the forces of theDepartment of the Susquehannaunder the command ofUnion Maj. Gen.Darius N. Couchin a series of skirmishes surrounding the city, such as theSkirmish of Sporting HillinCamp Hill,just 2 miles (3 km) west of Harrisburg. The Second Corp were ultimately unsuccessful in both overcoming the local Union defenses and crossing the rain bloated Susquehanna into Harrisburg itself, and were forced to retreat southward to regroup with Lee's main Confederate force. This attempt marked the northernmost advance of the Confederate Army during the Civil War.

On July 3, 1863, the artillery barrage that marked the beginning ofPickett's Chargeof theBattle of Gettysburgwas heard from Harrisburg, almost 40 miles away.^[15]

Harrisburg's importance in the latter half of the 19th century was in the steel industry. It was an important railroad center as well.Steel and ironbecame dominant industries. Steel and other industries continued to play a major role in the local economy throughout the latter part of the 19th century. The city was the center of enormous railroad traffic and its steel industry supported large furnaces, rolling mills, and machine shops. The Pennsylvania Steel Company plant, which opened in nearbySteeltonin 1866, was the first in the country; later operated byBethlehem Steel.^[16]

Its first large scale iron foundries were put into operation shortly after 1850.^[13] As industries nationwide entered a phase of great expansion and technological improvement, so did industries – and in particular the steel industry – in Harrisburg. This can be attributed to a combination of factors that were typical of what existed in other successful industrial cities: rapid rail expansion; nearby markets for goods; and nearby sources for raw product.

With Harrisburg poised for growth in steel production, Steelton became the ideal location for this type of industry. It was a wide swath of flat land located south of the city, with rail and canal access running its entire 4 mile length. There was plenty of room for houses and its own downtown section. Steelton was a company town, opened in 1866 by the Pennsylvania Steel Company. Highly innovative in its steel making process, it became the first mill in the United States to make steel railroad rails by contract. In its heyday Steelton was home to more than 16,000 residents from 33 different ethnic groups. All were employed in the steel industry, or had employment in services that supported it. In the late 19th century, no less than five major steel mills and foundries were located in Steelton. Each contained a maze of buildings; conveyances for moving the products; large yards for laying down equipment; and facilities for loading their product on trains. Stacks from these factories constantly belched smoke. With housing and a small downtown area within walking distance, these were the sights and smells that most Steelton residents saw every day.

The rail yard was another area of Harrisburg that saw rapid and thorough change during the years of industrialization. This was a wide expanse of about two dozen railroad tracks that grew from the single track of the early 1850s. By the late 19th century, this area was the width of about two city blocks and formed what amounted to a barrier along the eastern edge of the city: passable only by bridge. Three large and ornately embellished passenger depots were built by as many rail lines.Pennsylvania Railroadwas the largest rail line in Harrisburg. It built huge repair facilities and two large roundhouses in the 1860s and 1870s to handle its enormous freight and passenger traffic and to maintain its colossal infrastructure. Its rails ran the length of Harrisburg, along its eastern border. It had a succession of three passenger depots, each built on the site of the predecessor, and each of high style architecture, including a train shed to protect passengers from inclement weather. At its peak in 1904, it made 100 passenger stops per day. It extended west toPittsburgh,across the entire state, and east toPhiladelphia,serving Steelton along the route. Theanthracitecoal mines in theAllegheny Mountainswere reached by the Northern Central Railroad. The Lebanon Valley Railroad extended east to Philadelphia with spurs toNew York City.Another rail line was thePhiladelphia and Reading Railroad,which provided service to Philadelphia and other points east.^[17]

Allison Hill,Harrisburg's first suburb, is located east of the city on a prominent bluff, accessed by bridges across a wide swath of train tracks. It was developed in the late 19th century and offered affluent Harrisburg residents the opportunity to live in the suburbs only a few hundred yards from their jobs in the city. As the city expanded, it incorporated Allison Hill in its boundaries. In 1886, a single horse trolley line was established from the city to Allison Hill. Easy access was later achieved via theState Street Bridgeleading east from theCapitolcomplex and the Market Street Bridge leading from the city's prominent business district. Among the most desirable sections of Allison Hill at the time was Mount Pleasant, which was characterized by largeColonial Revival-style houses with yards for the very wealthy and smaller but still well-built row houses lining the main street for the moderately wealthy. State Street, leading from the Capitol directly toward Allison Hill, was planned to provide a grand view of the Capitol dome for those approaching the city from Allison Hill. This trend towards outlying residential areas began slowly in the late 19th century and was largely confined to the trolley line, but the growing prevalence of automobile ownership quickened the trend and spread out the population in the 20th century.

20th century

In the early 20th century, the city of Harrisburg was in need of change. Without proper sanitation, diseases such astyphoidbegan killing many citizens of Harrisburg. Seeing these necessary changes, several Harrisburg residents became involved in theCity Beautiful movement.The project focused on providing better transportation, spaces for recreation, sanitation, landscaping, and parks for those living in cities, as research showed that a person with access to amenities would be a happier person.^[18]In December 1900, a reformer namedMira Lloyd Dock,who had recently encountered well-ordered urban centers on an international trip to Europe, gave a lecture on "The City Beautiful" to Harrisburg's Board of Trade.^[18]Other prominent citizens of the city such asJ. Horace McFarlandandVance McCormickadvocated urban improvements which were influenced by European urban planning design and theWorld's Columbian Exposition.Warren Manningwas hired to help bring about these changes. Specifically, their efforts greatly enlarged the Harrisburg park system, creating Riverfront Park, Reservoir Park, the Italian Lake and Wildwood Park. In addition, schemes were undertaken for new water filtration, burial of electric wires, the paving of roads, and the creation of a modern sanitary sewer system. The efforts to improve the city also paralleled the construction of an expanded monumentalCapitol complexin 1906 which led, in turn, to the displacement of the Old Eighth Ward, one of the most ethnically and racially diverse communities in Harrisburg.^[19]

The decades between 1920 and 1970 were characterized byindustrial declineand population shift from the city to the suburbs. Like most other cities which faced a loss of their industrial base, Harrisburg shifted to a service-oriented base, with industries such as health care and convention centers playing a big role. Harrisburg's greatest problem was a shrinking city population after 1950. This loss in population followed a national trend and was a delayed result of the decline of Harrisburg's steel industry. This decline began almost imperceptibly in the late 1880s, but did not become evident until the early 20th century.

After being held in place for about 5 years by WWII armament production, the population peaked shortly after the war, but then took a long-overdue dive as people fled from the city. Hastening thewhite flightto the suburbs were the cheap and available houses being built away from the crime and deteriorating situation of the city. The reduction in city population coincided with the rise in population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area. The trend continued until the 1990s.^[20]

ThePennsylvania Farm Show,the largest indoor agriculture exposition in the United States, was first held in 1917 and has been held every January since then. The present location of the Show is thePennsylvania Farm Show Complex & Expo Center,located at the corner of Maclay andCameronstreets.

On March 28, 1979, theThree Mile Islandnuclear plant, along theSusquehanna Riverlocated in Londonderry Township which is south of Harrisburg, suffered a partial meltdown. Although the meltdown was contained and radiation leakages were minimal, there were still worries that an evacuation would be necessary. GovernorDick Thornburgh,on the advice ofNuclear Regulatory CommissionChairmanJoseph Hendrie,advised the evacuation "of pregnant women and pre-school age children... within a five-mile radius of the Three Mile Island facility." Within days, 140,000 people had left the area.^[21]

Stephen R. Reedwas elected mayor in 1981 and served until 2009, making him the city's longest-serving mayor. In an effort to end the city's long period of economic troubles, he initiated several projects to attract new business and tourism to the city. Several museums and hotels such asWhitaker Center for Science and the Arts,theNational Civil War Museumand theHilton Harrisburg and Towerswere built during his term, along with many office buildings and residential structures. Several minor league professional sports franchises, including theHarrisburg Senatorsof theEastern League,theHarrisburg Heatindoor soccer club, andPenn FCof theUnited Soccer Leaguebegan operations in the city during his tenure as mayor. While praised for the vast number of economic improvements, Reed has also been criticized for population loss and mounting debt. For example, during a budget crisis the city was forced to sell $8 million worth of Western and American-Indian artifacts collected by Mayor Reed for a never-realized museum celebrating theAmerican West.^[22]

21st century

During the nearly 30-year tenure of former MayorStephen Reedfrom 1981 to 2009, city officials ignored legal restraints on the use of bond proceeds, as Reed spent the money pursuing interests including collecting Civil War and Wild West memorabilia – some of which was found in Reed's home after his arrest on corruption charges.^[23]Infrastructure was left unrepaired, and the heart of the city's financial woes was a trash-to-electricity plant, theHarrisburg incinerator,which was supposed to generate income but instead, because of increased borrowing, incurred a debt of $320 million.^[24]

Missing audits and convoluted transactions, including swap agreements, make it difficult to state how much debt the city owes. Some estimates put total debt over $1.5 billion, which would mean that every resident would owe $30,285.^[25]These numbers do not reflect the school system deficit, the school district's $437 million long-term debt,^[26]nor unfunded pension and healthcare obligations.

Harrisburg was the first municipality ever in the history of theU.S. Securities and Exchange Commissionto be charged with securities fraud, for misleading statements about its financial health.^[27]The city agreed to a plea bargain to settle the case.^[28]

In October 2011, Harrisburg filed forChapter 9bankruptcy when four members of the seven-member City Council voted to file a bankruptcy petition in order to prevent thePennsylvaniaState Government from taking over the city's finances.^[29]^[30]^[31]Bankruptcy Judge Mary France dismissed the petition on the grounds that the City Council majority had filed it over the objection of MayorLinda Thompson,reasoning that the filing not only required the mayor's approval but had circumvented state laws concerning financially distressed cities.^[32]

Instead, a state-appointed receiver took charge of the city's finances.^[33]GovernorTom Corbettappointed bond attorney David Unkovic as the city's receiver, but Unkovic resigned after only four months.^[34]Unkovic blamed disdain for legal restraints on contracts and debt for creating Harrisburg's intractable financial problem and said the corrupt influence of creditors and political cronies prevented fi xing it.^[34]^[35]

As creditors began to file lawsuits to seize and sell off city assets, a new receiver,William B. Lynch,was appointed.^[36]The City Council opposed the new receiver's plans for tax increases and advocated a stay of the creditor lawsuits with a bankruptcy filing, while Mayor Thompson continued to oppose bankruptcy.^[37]State legislators crafted a moratorium to prevent Harrisburg from declaring bankruptcy, and after the moratorium expired, the law stripped the city government of the authority to file for bankruptcy and conferred it on the state receiver.^[38]^[39]^[40]

After two years of negotiations, in August 2013 Receiver Lynch revealed his comprehensive voluntary plan for resolving Harrisburg's fiscal problems.^[41]The complex plan called for creditors to write down or postpone some debt.^[42]To pay the remainder, Harrisburg sold the troubled incinerator, leased its parking garages for 40 years, and was to briefly go further into debt by issuing new bonds.^[41]^[42]Receiver Lynch had also called for setting up nonprofit investment corporations to oversee infrastructure improvement, repairing the city's crumbling roads and water and sewer lines, and pensions and economic development.^[43]These were intended to allow nonprofit fundraising and to reduce the likelihood of mismanagement by the city government.^[42]^[43]

Harrisburg's City Council and the state Commonwealth Court approved the plan, and became implemented.^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47]The city balanced its budget in the late 2010s, was expected to have a surplus of $1 million in 2019, and maintained a surplus in 2020 despite theCOVID-19 pandemic.^[48]^[49]

Geography

Topography

Harrisburg is located at40°16′11″N76°52′32″W/ 40.26972°N 76.87556°W/40.26972; -76.87556(40.269789, -76.875613) inSouth Central Pennsylvania,^[50]within a two-hour drive of the metro areas ofBaltimore,Washington,Philadelphiaand three-hour drive ofNew YorkandPittsburgh.According to theUnited States Census Bureau,the city has a total area of 11.4 square miles (30 km²), of which 8.1 square miles (21 km²) is land and 3.3 square miles (8.5 km²) (29.11%) is water. Bodies of water includePaxton Creek,which empties into theSusquehanna Riverat Harrisburg, as well asWildwood LakeandItalian Lakeparks. In land area Harrisburg (proper) is also thethird smallest of the United States capital cities.

Directly to the north of Harrisburg is theBlue Mountainridge of theAppalachian Mountains.TheCumberland Valleylies directly to the west of Harrisburg and the Susquehanna River, stretching into northernMaryland.The fertileLebanon Valleylies to the east. Harrisburg is the northern fringe of the historicPennsylvania Dutch Country.

The city is the county seat ofDauphin County.The adjacent counties areNorthumberland Countyto the north;Schuylkill Countyto the northeast;Lebanon Countyto the east;Lancaster Countyto the south; andYork Countyto the southwest;Cumberland Countyto the west; andPerry Countyto the northwest.

Adjacent municipalities

Harrisburg's western boundary is formed by the west shore of theSusquehanna River,which runs within the city boundaries and serves as the boundary betweenDauphinandCumberlandcounties. Harrisburg is divided into numerous neighborhoods and districts. Like many of Pennsylvania's cities andboroughsthat are at build-out stage, there are several townships outside of Harrisburg city limits that, although autonomous, use the nameHarrisburgfor postal and name-place designation. They include the townships of:Lower Paxton,Middle Paxton,Susquehanna,SwataraandWest Hanoverin Dauphin County. The borough ofPenbrook,located just east ofReservoir Park,was previously known as East Harrisburg. Penbrook, along with the borough ofPaxtang,also located just outside the city limits, maintain HarrisburgZIP codesas well. TheUnited States Postal Servicedesignates 26ZIP Codesfor Harrisburg, including 13 for official use by federal and state government agencies.^[51]

Dauphin County
- Lower Paxton Township(east)
- Penbrook(northeast)
- Paxtang(east)
- Susquehanna Township(northeast)
- Swatara Township(southeast)

Cumberland County
- East Pennsboro Township(west)
- Lemoyne(west)
- New Cumberland(southwest)
- Wormleysburg(west)

Climate

Harrisburg has a variable, four-season climate lying at the beginning of the transition between thehumid subtropicalandhumid continentalzones (KöppenCfaandDfa,respectively). The city limits fall within theCfaHumid subtropical climate classification, while the suburban areas and rural surroundings fall just into theDfaHumid continental climate classification. The hottest month of the year is July, with a daily mean temperature of 77.5 °F (25.3 °C).^[52]Summer is usually hot and humid and occasional heat waves can occur. The city averages around 32 days per year with 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs, although temperatures reaching 100 °F (38 °C) are rare. Seven months average above 50 °F (10 °C) and three months average above 22 °C (72 °F). The hottest temperature ever recorded in Harrisburg is 107 °F (42 °C) on July 3, 1966.^[52]Summer thunderstorms also occur relatively frequently. Autumn is a pleasant season, when the humidity and temperatures fall to more comfortable values. Thehardiness zoneis 7a/7b.

Winter in Harrisburg is mild to cool: January, the coolest month, remains above freezing, as it experiences a daily mean temperature of 32.6 °F (0.3 °C).^[52]A major snowstorm can also occasionally occur, and some winters snowfall totals can exceed 40 inches (102 cm), while in other winters, the region may receive very little snowfall. Snow that does fall often melts away quickly. The largest snowfall on a single calendar day was 26.4 in (67 cm) onJanuary 23, 2016,^[52]recorded atHarrisburg International Airportin Middletown, while the snowiest month on record was February 2010, with 42.1 in (107 cm), recorded at the same location.^[53]Overall Harrisburg receives an average of 29.9 in (75.9 cm) of snow per winter.^[52]The coldest temperature ever recorded in Harrisburg was −22 °F (−30 °C) onJanuary 21, 1994.^[52]Spring is also a pleasant time of year for outdoor activities. Precipitation is well-distributed and generous in most months, though July is clearly the wettest and February the driest.

Climate data for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Harrisburg Int'l), 1991–2020 normals,^[a]extremes 1888–present^[b]
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	73 (23)	79 (26)	87 (31)	93 (34)	97 (36)	100 (38)	107 (42)	104 (40)	102 (39)	97 (36)	84 (29)	75 (24)	107 (42)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	59.3 (15.2)	61.4 (16.3)	72.7 (22.6)	83.5 (28.6)	89.5 (31.9)	93.3 (34.1)	96.2 (35.7)	93.8 (34.3)	89.7 (32.1)	81.1 (27.3)	70.8 (21.6)	62.3 (16.8)	97.0 (36.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	38.6 (3.7)	42.0 (5.6)	51.3 (10.7)	63.8 (17.7)	73.7 (23.2)	82.4 (28.0)	86.8 (30.4)	84.7 (29.3)	77.6 (25.3)	65.7 (18.7)	53.9 (12.2)	43.3 (6.3)	63.6 (17.6)
Daily mean °F (°C)	30.8 (−0.7)	33.4 (0.8)	41.8 (5.4)	53.2 (11.8)	63.4 (17.4)	72.5 (22.5)	77.3 (25.2)	75.2 (24.0)	67.9 (19.9)	55.8 (13.2)	44.8 (7.1)	35.8 (2.1)	54.3 (12.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	23.0 (−5.0)	24.7 (−4.1)	32.3 (0.2)	42.5 (5.8)	53.1 (11.7)	62.7 (17.1)	67.8 (19.9)	65.8 (18.8)	58.2 (14.6)	46.0 (7.8)	35.8 (2.1)	28.2 (−2.1)	45.0 (7.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	7.4 (−13.7)	10.1 (−12.2)	17.9 (−7.8)	29.2 (−1.6)	39.6 (4.2)	50.8 (10.4)	58.3 (14.6)	55.8 (13.2)	45.2 (7.3)	33.0 (0.6)	22.9 (−5.1)	14.6 (−9.7)	5.0 (−15.0)
Record low °F (°C)	−22 (−30)	−13 (−25)	−1 (−18)	11 (−12)	30 (−1)	40 (4)	49 (9)	45 (7)	30 (−1)	23 (−5)	10 (−12)	−8 (−22)	−22 (−30)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm)	3.03 (77)	2.59 (66)	3.70 (94)	3.55 (90)	3.83 (97)	3.98 (101)	4.74 (120)	3.77 (96)	4.83 (123)	3.81 (97)	2.97 (75)	3.43 (87)	44.23 (1,123)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	9.1 (23)	9.4 (24)	5.6 (14)	0.4 (1.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.51)	0.8 (2.0)	4.4 (11)	29.9 (76)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm)	5.3 (13)	5.1 (13)	4.0 (10)	0.2 (0.51)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.25)	0.3 (0.76)	2.4 (6.1)	9.8 (25)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)	10.9	10.4	11.0	11.4	13.0	11.5	10.9	10.0	9.2	9.2	8.5	10.3	126.3
Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in)	5.1	4.8	2.7	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.7	2.7	16.3
Averageultraviolet index	2	3	4	6	8	9	9	8	6	4	2	2	5
Source 1: NOAA^[55]^[56]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV data)^[57]

Climate data for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Harrisburg Capital City Airport) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1939–present
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	73 (23)	83 (28)	86 (30)	93 (34)	97 (36)	100 (38)	107 (42)	101 (38)	102 (39)	97 (36)	84 (29)	75 (24)	107 (42)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	61.8 (16.6)	61.6 (16.4)	73.3 (22.9)	85.1 (29.5)	89.5 (31.9)	93.6 (34.2)	95.9 (35.5)	94.2 (34.6)	89.9 (32.2)	82.3 (27.9)	71.6 (22.0)	62.8 (17.1)	97.1 (36.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	40.3 (4.6)	43.2 (6.2)	52.6 (11.4)	64.9 (18.3)	74.7 (23.7)	83.2 (28.4)	87.6 (30.9)	85.4 (29.7)	78.6 (25.9)	66.7 (19.3)	55.1 (12.8)	44.4 (6.9)	64.7 (18.2)
Daily mean °F (°C)	32.6 (0.3)	34.7 (1.5)	43.2 (6.2)	54.1 (12.3)	64.0 (17.8)	73.0 (22.8)	77.5 (25.3)	75.4 (24.1)	68.5 (20.3)	56.7 (13.7)	46.0 (7.8)	37.0 (2.8)	55.2 (12.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	24.9 (−3.9)	26.2 (−3.2)	33.9 (1.1)	43.3 (6.3)	53.2 (11.8)	62.8 (17.1)	67.4 (19.7)	65.5 (18.6)	58.4 (14.7)	46.7 (8.2)	37.0 (2.8)	29.5 (−1.4)	45.7 (7.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	8.0 (−13.3)	10.8 (−11.8)	17.7 (−7.9)	28.5 (−1.9)	38.7 (3.7)	49.4 (9.7)	57.0 (13.9)	54.5 (12.5)	43.7 (6.5)	32.0 (0.0)	22.6 (−5.2)	14.7 (−9.6)	5.6 (−14.7)
Record low °F (°C)	−9 (−23)	−5 (−21)	2 (−17)	19 (−7)	31 (−1)	40 (4)	49 (9)	45 (7)	30 (−1)	23 (−5)	13 (−11)	−8 (−22)	−9 (−23)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm)	2.64 (67)	2.36 (60)	3.35 (85)	3.70 (94)	3.48 (88)	3.72 (94)	4.30 (109)	3.68 (93)	4.12 (105)	3.68 (93)	2.80 (71)	3.15 (80)	40.98 (1,041)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in)	9.4	9.3	10.7	12.1	13.7	11.9	11.8	11.1	9.5	11.0	8.8	10.1	129.4
Averagerelative humidity(%)	64.4	63.2	60.7	59.2	65.2	67.7	68.6	72.2	73.8	70.5	68.2	66.4	66.7
Averagedew point°F (°C)	17.4 (−8.1)	19.0 (−7.2)	26.4 (−3.1)	36.0 (2.2)	48.7 (9.3)	58.5 (14.7)	63.1 (17.3)	63.0 (17.2)	56.5 (13.6)	43.7 (6.5)	33.4 (0.8)	22.8 (−5.1)	40.7 (4.8)
Mean monthlysunshine hours	154.9	167.2	213.8	235.7	266.7	288.5	310.1	285.4	226.7	199.2	139.6	126.0	2,613.8
Percentpossible sunshine	52	56	58	59	60	64	68	67	61	58	47	43	59
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)^[52]^[58]^[59]

See or editraw graph data.

Cityscape

Neighborhoods

DowntownHarrisburg, which includes thePennsylvania State Capitol Complex,is the central core business and financial center for theHarrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical areaand serves as the seat of government forDauphin Countyand the Commonwealth ofPennsylvania.There are over a dozen large neighborhoods and historic districts within the city.

Architecture

Harrisburg's architecture spans over 200 years of evolving construction and design and thus contains a breadth of various architectural styles. Six Municipal Historic Districts, multiple National Historic Districts, and Architectural Conservation Overlay Districts have in turn have been established to preserve and guide any new development of areas with respect to their character.^[60]

Harrisburg is home to thePennsylvania State Capitol.Completed in 1906, the central dome rises to a height of 272 feet (83 m) and was modeled on that ofSt. Peter's BasilicainVatican City,Rome. The building was designed byJoseph Miller Hustonand is adorned with sculpture, includingLove and Labor, the Unbroken LawandThe Burden of Life, the Broken Lawby sculptorGeorge Grey Barnard;murals byViolet OakleyandEdwin Austin Abbey;tile floor byHenry Mercer,which tells the story of the Pennsylvania. The state capitol is only the third-tallest building of Harrisburg. The five tallest buildings are 333 Market Street with a height of 341 feet (104 m), Pennsylvania Place with a height of 291 feet (89 m), the Pennsylvania State Capitol with a height of 272 feet (83 m), Presbyterian Apartments with a height of 259 feet (79 m) and the Fulton Bank Building with a height of 255 feet (78 m).^[61]

Apanoramicof downtown Harrisburg fromWormleysburgacross theSusquehanna River.M. Harvey Taylor Memorial Bridgeis on the far left across from thePennsylvania State Capitol,City Islandand theWalnut Street BridgeandMarket Streetbridges, March 2013.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1790	875		—
1800	1,472		68.2%
1810	2,287		55.4%
1820	2,990		30.7%
1830	4,312		44.2%
1840	5,980		38.7%
1850	7,834		31.0%
1860	13,405		71.1%
1870	23,104		72.4%
1880	30,762		33.1%
1890	39,385		28.0%
1900	50,167		27.4%
1910	64,186		27.9%
1920	75,917		18.3%
1930	80,339		5.8%
1940	83,893		4.4%
1950	89,544		6.7%
1960	79,697		−11.0%
1970	68,061		−14.6%
1980	53,264		−21.7%
1990	52,376		−1.7%
2000	48,950		−6.5%
2010	49,528		1.2%
2020	50,099		1.2%
2022 (est.)	50,183	^[5]	0.2%
U.S. Decennial Census^[62] 2020^[63]

**Harrisburg city, Pennsylvania – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 1980^[64]	Pop 1990^[65]	Pop 2000^[66]	Pop 2010^[67]	Pop 2020^[63]	% 1980	% 1990	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
Whitealone (NH)	27,493	21,313	13,988	12,290	11,405	51.62%	40.69%	28.58%	24.81%	22.76%
Black or African Americanalone (NH)	23,007	25,904	26,292	24,727	21,263	43.19%	49.46%	53.71%	49.93%	42.44%
Native AmericanorAlaska Nativealone (NH)	171	120	157	146	107	0.32%	0.23%	0.32%	0.29%	0.21%
Asianalone (NH)	345	863	1,370	1,692	1,768	0.65%	1.65%	2.80%	3.42%	3.53%
Pacific Islanderalone (NH)	N/A	N/A	20	4	19	N/A	N/A	0.04%	0.01%	0.04%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	135	154	115	97	403	0.25%	0.29%	0.23%	0.20%	0.80%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial(NH)	N/A	N/A	1,284	1,633	2,230	N/A	N/A	2.62%	3.30%	4.45%
Hispanic or Latino(any race)	2,113	4,022	5,724	8,939	12,904	3.97%	7.68%	11.69%	18.05%	25.76%
Total	53,264	52,376	48,950	49,528	50,099	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

The six largest ethnic groups in the city are:African American(52.4%),German(15.0%),Irish(6.5%),Italian(3.3%),English(2.4%), andDutch(1.0%). While the metropolitan area is approximately 15%German-American,11.4% areIrish-Americanand 9.6%English-American.Harrisburg has one of the largestPennsylvania Dutchcommunities in the nation, and also has the nation's ninth-largestSwedish-Americancommunities in the nation.^{[citation needed]}

There were 20,561 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 13 living with them, 23.4% were married couples living together, 24.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.9% were non-families. 39.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.2% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 13 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 13 and over, there were 84.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,920, and the median income for a family was $29,556. Males had a median income of $90,670 versus $24,405 for females. Theper capita incomefor the city was $15,787. About 23.4% of families and 24.6% of the population were below thepoverty line,including 34.9% of those under age 13 and 16.6% of those age 65 or over.

The very first census taken in the United States occurred in 1790. At that time Harrisburg was a small, but substantialcolonialtown with a population of 875 residents.^[68]With the increase of the city's prominence as an industrial and transportation center, Harrisburg reached its peak population build up in 1950, topping out at nearly 90,000 residents. Since the 1950s, Harrisburg, along with other northeastern urban centers large and small, has experienced a declining population that is ultimately fueling the growth of itssuburbs,although the decline – which was very rapid in the 1960s and 1970s – has slowed considerably since the 1980s.^[69]UnlikeWestern and Southern states,Pennsylvania maintains a complex system of municipalities and has very little legislation on either the annexation/expansion of cities or the consolidating of municipal entities.

Economy

Harrisburg is the metropolitan center for some 400 communities.^[70]Its economy and more than 45,000 businesses are diversified with a large representation of service-related industries, especially health-care and a growing technological and biotechnology industry to accompany the dominant government field inherent to being the state's capital. National and international firms with major operations includeAhold Delhaize,ArcelorMittal Steel,HP Inc.,IBM,Hershey Foods,Harsco Corporation,Ollie's Bargain Outlet,Rite Aid Corporation,Tyco Electronics,andVolvo Construction Equipment.^[71]The largest employers, thefederalandstategovernments, provide stability to the economy. The region's extensive transportation infrastructure has allowed it to become a prominent center for trade, warehousing, and distribution.^[70]

Employers

Top 10

According to the Region Economic Development Corporation, the top employers in theregionare:

#	Employer	# of Employees	Industry
1	Commonwealth of Pennsylvania	21,885	Government
2	United States Federal government,including themilitary	18,000	Government
3	Giant Food Stores	8,902	Grocery store
4	Penn State Hershey Medical Center	8,849	Hospital,Medical research
5	Hershey Entertainment and Resorts,includingHersheypark	7,500	Entertainment andamusementparks
6	The Hershey Company	6,500	Foodmanufacturer
7	Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.	6,090	Retail storechain
8	Highmark	5,200	Health insurance
9	TE Connectivity	4,700	Electronic componentmanufacturer
10	UPMC Pinnacle,includingHarrisburg HospitalandPolyclinic Medical Center	3,997	Health-care andhospitalsystem

People and culture

Culture

In the mid-20th century, Harrisburg was home to many nightclubs and other performance venues, including the Madrid Ballroom, the Coliseum, the Chestnut Street Hall. and the Hi-Hat. These venues featured performances fromDuke Ellington,Dizzy Gillespie,Fletcher Henderson,Andy Kirk,and other jazz greats. Segregationist policy forbade these musicians from staying overnight in downtown Harrisburg, however, making the Jackson Hotel in Harrisburg's 7th Ward a hub of black musicians prior the 1960s.^[72]

Several organizations support and develop visual arts in Harrisburg. The Art Association of Harrisburg was founded in 1926 and continues to provide education and exhibits throughout the year. Additionally, theSusquehanna Art Museum,founded in 1989, offers classes, exhibits and community events. A local urban sketching group, Harrisburg Sketchers, convenes artists monthly.^[73]

Downtown Harrisburg has two major performance centers. TheWhitaker Center for Science and the Arts,which was completed in 1999, is the first center of its type in the United States where education, science and theperforming artstake place under one roof. The Forum, a 1,763-seat concert and lecture hall built in 1930–31, is a state-owned and operated facility located within theState Capitol Complex.Since 1931, The Forum has been home to theHarrisburg Symphony Orchestra.Other performance centers include The Capitol Room atHouse of Music, Arts & Culture,Open Stage of Harrisburg, Harrisburg Improv Theatre, Gamut Theatre Group, Popcorn Hat Players Children's Theatre and Theatre Harrisburg.^[74]

Beginning in 2001, downtown Harrisburg saw a resurgence of commercial nightlife development. This has been credited with reversing the city's financial decline, and has made downtown Harrisburg a destination for events from jazz festivals to Top-40 nightclubs.

In 2004, Harrisburg hostedCowParade,an international publicart exhibitthat has been featured in major cities all over the world. Fiberglass sculptures of cows are decorated by local artists, and distributed over the city center, in public places such as train stations and parks. They often feature artwork and designs specific to local culture, as well as city life and other relevant themes.

With gradual but steady increases in the number and variety of multi-purpose venues, bars, and restaurants since the mid-2010s, as well as large concerts sponsored byHarrisburg University,the live music and entertainment scene expanded to a "mini-explosion" by 2022 of big artists with a wide draw from both near and far.^[75]

Events

Harrisburg notably is home to large events occurring throughout the year which attracts visitors from across the country and internationally.

The annual gathering of theAhmadiyya Muslim Community USAhas been held in Harrisburg for over a decade usually in July.
The annualPennsylvania Farm Showheld at thePennsylvania Farm Show Complexis the largestagricultural exhibitionof its kind in the nation. Farmers from all over Pennsylvania come to show their animals and participate in competitions. Livestock are on display for people to interact with and view.
TheGreat American Outdoor Show,the world's largestoutdoor recreationshow, is held each February at the Pennsylvania Farm Show Complex drawing hundreds of thousands of visitors and includes demonstrations, seminars, calling competitions, education and safety programs, and a country music concert.
Motorama, the nation's largest all-indoor motorsports event, is held annually and features over 2,000 racers.
The Ice & Fire Festival, occurring each March downtown, exhibitsice sculptures,fire dancers,food trucks, and an ice skating rink with live music.
ThePennsylvania Auto Showis held annually at the Pennsylvania Farm Show Complex.
ArtsFest, held each spring, features juried artisans and craftsmen from across the state and country selling art and unique crafts.
Pride Festival of Central PAis the area's three-day annualLGBT prideevent regularly attracting over 5,000LGBTQand straight allied supporters.
The Antique Fire Apparatus Show &Musteralong Riverfront Park features displays of regional fire engines from past and present, a flea market, and firefighting competitions.
Harrisburg's Independence Day Celebration,under various names (formerly "MusicFest" ), occurs each Independence Day weekend along Riverfront Park and City Island with food, live music, activities and fireworks.
KiponaFestival, inaugurated in 1916 and held eachLabor DayWeekend, celebrates theSusquehanna Riveras a three-day festival on Riverfront Park and City Island featuring food, fireworks, live music, artist markets, canoe races, wire walkers, pet areas, and family carnival activities.
TheGreenbelt'sTour de Belt is a weekend-long series of bike-related events and includes an art show and craft breweries.
Cultural Fest, put on each summer by Dauphin County and held at City Island, celebrates the multicultural diversity of the area.
Riverfront ParkConcert Series, a summer pop-up concert, features national music acts each summer.
The Harrisburg Marathon runs along the riverfront and City Island and is a two-day event usually held each fall.
WoofStock, the celebration of all-things canine along with music, food and prizes, is held each September at Riverfront Park and is the largestpet adoptionevent on the East Coast.
BrewFest, held each October atFort Hunter Park,features localcraft beers,food and vendors.
Harrisburg'sNew Year's EveCelebration downtown has live music, children's activities, and thestrawberry dropand fireworks at midnight.^[76]

Media

Harrisburg area is part of theHarrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-Yorkmedia market which consists of the lower counties in south central Pennsylvania and borders the media markets of Philadelphia and Baltimore. It is the 43rd largest media market in the United States.^[77]

The Harrisburg area has several newspapers.The Patriot-News,which is published inCumberland County,serves the Harrisburg area and has a tri-weekly circulation of over 100,000.The Sentinel,which is published in Carlisle, roughly 20 miles west of Harrisburg, serves many of Harrisburg's western suburbs inCumberland County.ThePress and Journal,published in Middletown, is one of many weekly general information newspapers in the Harrisburg area. There are also numerous television and radio stations in the Harrisburg/Lancaster/Yorkarea.

Newspapers

Television

The Harrisburg TV market is served by:

WGAL– (NBC)
WXBU– (Univision)
WHBG-TV– cable-only, public access
WHP-TV– (CBS)
WHTM-TV– (ABC)
WCZS-LD– (CTVN)
WITF-TV– (PBS)
WPMT– (Fox)
WLYH– independent, religious
PCN-TV,is acable television networkdedicated to 24-hour coverage ofgovernmentandpublic affairsin thecommonwealth.
Roxbury News– independent news

Radio

According to Arbitron, Harrisburg's radio market is ranked 78th in the nation.^[78]

This is a list ofFM stationsin the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area.

Callsign	MHz	Band	"Name" Format, Owner	City of license
WDCV	88.3	FM	Indie/College Rock,Dickinson College	Carlisle
WXPH	88.7	FM	WXPNrelay,University of Pennsylvania	Harrisburg
WSYC	88.7	FM	Alternative,Shippensburg University	Shippensburg
WITF-FM	89.5	FM	NPR	Harrisburg
WVMM	90.7	FM	Indie/College Rock,Messiah University	Grantham
WJAZ	91.7	FM	WRTIrelay, Classical/Jazz,Temple University	Harrisburg
WKHL	92.1	FM	"K-Love" Contemporary Christian	Palmyra
WPPY	92.7	FM	"Happy 92.7" Adult Contemporary	Starview
WTPA-FM	93.5	FM	"93.5 WTPA" Classic Rock	Mechanicsburg
WRBT	94.9	FM	"BOB 94.9" Country	Harrisburg
WLAN	96.9	FM	"FM 97" CHR	Lancaster
WRVV	97.3	FM	"The River" Classic Hits and the Best of Today's Rock	Harrisburg
WYCR	98.5	FM	"98.5 The Peak" Classic Hits	York
WQLV	98.9	FM	98.9 WQLV	Millersburg
WHKF	99.3	FM	"Kiss-FM" CHR	Harrisburg
WFVY	100.1	FM	"Froggy Valley 100.1" Country	Lebanon
WROZ	101.3	FM	Christian	Lancaster
WARM	103.3	FM	"Warm 103.3" Hot AC	York
WNNK	104.1	FM	"Wink 104" Hot AC	Harrisburg
WQXA	105.7	FM	"105.7 The X" Active Rock	York
WWKL	106.7	FM	"Hot 106.7" CHR	Hershey
WGTY	107.7	FM	"Great Country"	York

This is a list ofAM stationsin the greater Harrisburg metropolitan area.

Callsign	kHz	Band	Format	City of license
WHP (AM)	580	AM	Conservative News/Talk	Harrisburg
WHYF	720	AM	EWTNGlobal Catholic Radio Network	Shiremanstown
WSBA (AM)	910	AM	News/Talk	York
WADV	940	AM	Gospel	Lebanon
WHYL	960	AM	Adult Standards	Carlisle
WIOO	1000	AM	Classic Country	Carlisle
WKBO	1230	AM	Christian Contemporary	Harrisburg
WQXA	1250	AM	Country	York
WLBR	1270	AM	Talk	Lebanon
WHGB	1400	AM	ESPN Radio (Formerly Adult R&B: The Touch)	Harrisburg
WTKT	1460	AM	Sports: "The Ticket"	Harrisburg
WRDD	1480	AM	Country	Shippensburg
WRKY	1490	AM	Classic rock	Lancaster
WPDC	1600	AM	Sport	Elizabethtown
Penndot	1670	AM	NOAA Weather and Travel	Several

Harrisburg in film

Severalfeature filmsandtelevision serieshave been filmed or set in and around Harrisburg and the greaterSusquehanna Valley.

Museums, art collections, and sites of interest

Broad Street Market,one of the oldest continuously operatingfarmers marketsin the United States^[79]
Dauphin County Veteran's Memorial Obeliskinspired by the classicRoman/Egyptian obeliskform; located inuptownHarrisburg
Dauphin Narrows Statue of Libertyon the Susquehanna River north of Harrisburg
Fort Hunter Mansion and Park,located north of downtown Harrisburg on a bluff overlooking the Susquehanna River
Harrisburg Doll Museum, which contains over 5,000 dolls and toys stretching back to 1840^[80]
John Harris – Simon Cameron Mansion,a National Historic Landmark located in downtown Harrisburg along the river
Market Square,originally planned in 1785 and serves as the pinnacle of downtown
Midtown Scholar Bookstore, largest independent bookstore on the East Coast
National Civil War Museum,located at Reservoir Park andaffiliatedwith theSmithsonian Institutionin Washington, D.C.^[81]
Pennsylvania National Fire Museum
Pennsylvania Farm Show Complex & Expo Center,one of the largest convention/exhibition centers on the east coast which hosts multiple annual events, most notably thePennsylvania Farm Show
Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex,the center of government for thecommonwealthand home to thestate capitol building,state archives,andstate library
Pride of the Susquehannapaddle-wheel riverboat, offering daily sightseeing tours and special theme cruises
Reservoir Park,the largest public park in the city containing an amphitheater^[82]and playground, and connected to the Greenbelt
State Museum of Pennsylvania,featuring a planetarium and the Marshalls Creek Mastodon, one of the most complete mastodon fossils in North America.^[83]
Strawberry Square,across the street from the Capitol Complex, home of many state offices and a small shopping center
Susquehanna art museum,recently renovated and relocated in Midtown
Art Association of Harrisburg,^[84]founded in 1926, located in the Governor Findlay Mansion
Whitaker Center for Science and the Arts,features anIMAXtheater
Zembo Shrine Building,a significant example ofMoorish Revival architecture.

Parks and recreation

The following is a list of the major parks of Harrisburg:

Capital Area Greenbelt,a twenty mile longgreenwaylinking city neighborhoods, parks and open spaces. It connects Wildwood Lake Park, Riverfront Park, the Harrisburg Mall, Penbrook Park, Reservoir Park, Harrisburg Area Community College, and Veterans Park. It is open to cyclists and pedestrians.^[85]
City Island and Beach
Italian Lake,9.4 acre park located in theUptownneighborhood.
Paxtang Park,a historic 40-acretrolley parkin the 1900s, restored in 2020 as a park withmountain biketrails
Reservoir Park
Riverfront Park
Wildwood Lake Park

Sports

Harrisburg serves as the hub of professional sports inSouth Central Pennsylvania.A host of teams compete in the region including three professional baseball teams, theHarrisburg Senators,theLancaster Barnstormers,and theYork Revolution.The Senators are the oldest team of the three, with the current incarnation playing since 1987. The original Harrisburg Senators began playing in theEastern Leaguein 1924. Playing its home games atIsland Field,the team won the league championship in the 1927, 1928, and 1931 seasons. The Senators played a few more seasons before flood waters destroyed Island Field in 1936, effectively ending Eastern League participation for fifty-one years. In 1940, Harrisburg gained an Interstate League team affiliated with thePittsburgh Pirates;however, the team remained in the city only until 1943, when it moved to nearbyYorkand renamed theYork Pirates.The current Harrisburg Senators, affiliated with theWashington Nationals,have won the Eastern League championship in the 1987, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 seasons.

Club	League	Venue	Founded	Titles
Harrisburg Senators	Eastern League,Baseball	FNB Field	1987	6
Hershey Bears	AHL,Ice hockey	Giant Center	1932	11
Penn FC	USL,Soccer	FNB Field	2004	1
Harrisburg Heat	MASL,Indoor soccer	Pennsylvania Farm Show Complex	2012	0
Keystone Assault	WFA,Women's football	TBA	2009	1
Harrisburg Lunatics	PIHA,Inline hockey	Susquehanna Sports Center	2001	0
Harrisburg RFC	EPRU,MARFU,Rugby	Cibort Park,Bressler	1969	1

Government

City of Harrisburg

The Martin Luther King Jr. City Government Center, the first government building and only city hall in the United States named after theCivil Rights Movementleader, serves as a central location for the city's administrative functions.^[86]^[87] Harrisburg has been served since 1970 by the "strong mayor"form of municipal government, with separate executive and legislative branches. The Mayor serves a four-year term with no term limits. As the full-time chief executive, the Mayor oversees the operation of 34 agencies, run by department and office heads, some of whom form the Mayor's cabinet, including the Department of Public Safety (which includes theBureau of Police,Bureau of Fire,and Bureau of Codes), Public Works, Business Administration, Parks and Recreation, Incineration and Steam Generation, Building & Housing Development, and Solicitor. The city had 424 full-time employees in 2019 (Water and Sewer employees were transferred to Capital Region Water effective 2013).^[88]The current mayor of Harrisburg isWanda Williamswhose term expires January 2026.

There are sevencity councilmembers, all elected at large, who serve part-time for four-year terms. There are two other elected city posts,city treasurerandcity controller,who separately head their own fiscally related offices.

The city government had been in financial distress for many years in the 2000s. It has operated under the state's Act 47 Harrisburg Strong Plan provisions since 2011. The Act provides for municipalities that are in a state akin to bankruptcy.^[89]The city balanced its budget in the late 2010s, was expected to have a surplus of $1 million in 2019, and maintained a surplus in 2020 despiteCOVID-19.^[48]^[49]

Property tax reform

Harrisburg is also known nationally for its use of a two-tieredland value taxation.Harrisburg hastaxed landat a rate six times that on improvements since 1975, and this policy has been credited by its former mayorStephen R. Reed,as well as by the city's formercity managerduring the 1980s, with reducing the number ofvacant structureslocated indowntown Harrisburgfrom about 4,200 in 1982 to fewer than 500 in 1995.^[90]During this same period of time between 1982 and 1995, nearly 4,700 more city residents became employed, the crime rate dropped 22.5% and the fire rate dropped 51%.^[90]

Harrisburg, as well as nearly 20 otherPennsylvaniacities, employs atwo-rateorsplit-rateproperty tax,which requires the ta xing of the value of land at a higher rate and the value of the buildings and improvements at a lower one. This can be seen as a compromise between pure LVT and an ordinary property tax falling on real estate (land value plus improvement value).^[91]Alternatively, two-rate taxation may be seen as a form that allows gradual transformation of the traditional real estate property tax into a pure land value tax.

Nearly two dozen local Pennsylvania jurisdictions, such as Harrisburg,^[92]use two-rate property taxation in which the tax on land value is higher and the tax on improvement value is lower. In 2000, Florenz Plassmann andNicolaus Tidemanwrote^[93]that when comparing Pennsylvania cities using a higher tax rate on land value and a lower rate on improvements with similar sized Pennsylvania cities using the same rate on land and improvements, the higher land value taxation leads to increased construction within the jurisdiction.^[94]^[95]

Dauphin County

Dauphin County Government Complex, indowntownHarrisburg, serves the administrative functions of the county. Thetrial courtof general jurisdiction for Harrisburg rests with theCourt of Dauphin Countyand is largely funded and operated by county resources and employees.

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

ThePennsylvania State Capitol Complexdominates the city's stature as a regional and national hub for government and politics. All administrative functions of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are located within the complex and at various nearby locations.

The Commonwealth Judicial Center houses Pennsylvania's threeappellate courts,which are located in Harrisburg. TheSupreme Court of Pennsylvania,which is the court of last resort in the state, hears arguments in Harrisburg as well as Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. TheSuperior Court of Pennsylvaniaand theCommonwealth Court of Pennsylvaniaare located here. Judges for these courts are elected at large.

Federal government

TheRonald Reagan Federal Building and Courthouse,located in downtown Harrisburg, serves as the regional administrative offices of thefederal government.A branch of theU.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvaniais also located within the courthouse. Due to Harrisburg's prominence as the state capital, federal offices for nearly every agency are located within the city.

TheUnited States militaryhas a strong historic presence in the region. A large retired military population resides inSouth Central Pennsylvaniaand the region is home to a largenational cemeteryatIndiantown Gap.The federal government, including the military, is the top employer in themetropolitan area.

Military bases in the Harrisburg area include:

Installation Name	City	Type, Branch, or Agency
Carlisle Barracks	Carlisle	Managed by theArmy,it is home to theUnited States Army War College
Eastern Distribution Center	New Cumberland	Managed by theDefense Logistics Agency(DLA), it is part of the Defense Distribution Depot Susquehanna (DDSP)
Fort Indiantown Gap	Fort Indiantown Gap	Managed by the Army, thePennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairsand thePennsylvania National Guard(PANG), it serves as a military training and staging area. It is home to theEastern Army National Guard Aviation Training Site(EAATS) and Northeast Counterdrug Training Center (NCTC)
Harrisburg Air Guard Base	Middletown	Home to the193rd Special Operations Wing,it is located on the formerOlmsted Air Force Base,which closed in the early 1970s and becameHarrisburg International Airport
Naval Supply Systems Command(NAVSUP)	Mechanicsburg	Part of the Defense Distribution Depot Susquehanna (DDSP)

Transport

Airports

Domestic and international airlines provide service viaHarrisburg International Airport(MDT), which is located southeast of the city inMiddletown.HIA is the third-busiest commercialairportin Pennsylvania, in terms of both passengers served and cargo shipments. Generally, due to the lack of an airline hub, the more popular airports in the region areBaltimore,Dulles,andPhiladelphia.However, nearly 1.2 million people fly out of Harrisburg each year.^[96]Passenger carriers that serve HIA includeAmerican Airlines,United Airlines,Delta Air Lines,Frontier Airlines,andAllegiant Air.Capital City Airport(CXY), a moderate-sized business class andgeneral aviationairport, is located across the Susquehanna River in the nearby suburb ofNew Cumberland,south of Harrisburg. Both airports are owned and operated by theSusquehanna Area Regional Airport Authority(SARAA), which also manages theFranklin County Regional AirportinChambersburgandGettysburg Regional AirportinGettysburg.

From the 1940s to 1960s, the Harrisburg Seaplane Base on the West Shore of theSusquehanna Riverfacilitated the landing and docking ofseaplanesin the river between theM. Harvey Taylor Memorial Bridgeand theWalnut Street Bridge,until it was converted into a marina and boat dealership.^[97]

Public transit

Harrisburg is served byCapital Area Transit(CAT), which providespublic busandparatransitservice throughout the greater metropolitan area. Construction of acommuter railline designated theCapital Red Rose Corridor,previously named CorridorOne, was planned to link the city with nearbyLancasteruntil plans went dormant in 2011.^[98]^[99]

Long-term plans for the region called for the commuter rail line to continue westward toCumberland County,ending atCarlisle.In early 2005, the project hit a roadblock when the Cumberland Countycommissionersopposed the plan to extend commuter rail to the West Shore. Due to lack of support from the county commissioners, the Cumberland County portion, and the two new stations in Harrisburg have been removed from the project. In the future, with support from Cumberland County, the commuter rail project may extend to both shores of theSusquehanna River,where the majority of the commuting base for theHarrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical arearesides.^[100]

In 2006, a second phase of the rail project designated CorridorTwo was announced to the general public. It was planned to linkdowntownHarrisburg with its eastern suburbs inDauphinandLebanoncounties, including the areas ofHummelstown,HersheyandLebanon,and the city ofYorkinYork County.^[100]Other planned passenger rail corridors also includedRoute 15from the Harrisburg area towardsGettysburg,as well as the Susquehanna River communities north of Harrisburg, and the NorthernSusquehanna Valleyregion.^[100]

Intercity bus service

The lower level of theHarrisburg Transportation Centerserves as the city's intercitybus terminal.Daily bus services are provided byGreyhound,Capitol Trailways,andFullington Trailways.They connect Harrisburg to other Pennsylvania cities such asAllentown,Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,Reading,Scranton,State College,Williamsport,andYorkand nearby, out-of-state cities such asBaltimore,Binghamton,New York,Syracuse,and Washington, D.C., plus many other destinations via transfers.^[101]

Curbsideintercity bus serviceis also provided byMegabusfrom the parking lot of theHarrisburg Mallin nearbySwatara Township,with direct service to Philadelphia,State College,and Pittsburgh.

Regional scheduled line bus service

The public transit provider inYork County,Rabbit Transit,operates its RabbitEXPRESS bus service fromYorkvia Route 83N and fromGettysburgvia Route 15N which serves both downtown Harrisburg and the main campus forHarrisburg Area Community College.The commuter-oriented service is designed to serve residents from these areas who work in Harrisburg, thoughreverse commutesare possible under the current schedule. Route 83N makes limited stops in the city of York and at twopark and ridesalongInterstate 83between York and Harrisburg before making multiple stops in Harrisburg, while Route 15N makes two stops in Gettysburg and at two park and rides alongU.S. Route 15between Gettysburg and Harrisburg before making multiple stops in Harrisburg.

Lebanon Transitoperates the Commute King A and Commute King B express bus routes which connectLebanonto Harrisburg viaU.S. Route 422andInterstate 81respectively.

A charter/tour bus operator, R & J Transport, also provides weekday, scheduled route commuter service for people working in downtown Harrisburg. R & J, which is based inSchuylkill County,operates two lines, one betweenFrackvilleand downtown Harrisburg and the other betweenMinersville,Pine Grove,and downtown Harrisburg.

Rail

ThePennsylvania Railroad's main line from New York to Chicago passed through Harrisburg. The line waselectrifiedin the 1930s, with the wires reaching Harrisburg in 1938. They went no further. Plans to electrify through toPittsburghand thence to Chicago never saw fruition; sufficient funding was never available. Thus, Harrisburg became where the PRR's crack expresses such as theBroadway Limitedchanged from electric traction to (originally) asteam locomotive,and later adiesel locomotive.Harrisburg remained a freight rail hub for PRR's successorConrail,which was later sold off and divided betweenNorfolk SouthernandCSX.

Freight rail

Norfolk Southernacquired all ofConrail's lines in the Harrisburg area and has continued the city's function as a freight rail hub. Norfolk Southern considers Harrisburg one of many primary hubs in its system, and operates twointermodal(rail/truck transfer) yards in the immediate Harrisburg area.^[102]TheHarrisburg Intermodal Yard(formerly called Lucknow Yard) is located approximately three miles north of downtown Harrisburg and the Harrisburg Transport Center, while theRutherford Intermodal Yardis located approximately six miles east of downtown Harrisburg inSwatara Township, Dauphin County.Norfolk Southern also operates a significantclassification yardin the Harrisburg area, theEnola Yard,which is located across the Susquehanna River from Harrisburg inEast Pennsboro Township, Cumberland County.

Intercity passenger rail

Amtrakprovides service to and from Harrisburg. The passenger rail operator runs itsKeystone ServiceandPennsylvanianroutes between New York, Philadelphia, and theHarrisburg Transportation Centerdaily. ThePennsylvanianroute, which operates once daily, continues west toPittsburgh.As of April 2007, Amtrak operates 14 weekday roundtrips and 8 weekend roundtrips daily between Harrisburg,Lancaster,and30th Street StationinPhiladelphia;most of these trains also travel to and fromNew York Penn Station.TheKeystone Corridorbetween Harrisburg and Philadelphia was improved in the mid-first decade of the 21st century, with the primary improvements completed in late 2006. The improvements included upgrading the electrical catenary, installing continuously welded rail, and replacing existing wooden railroad ties with concrete ties. These improvements increased train speeds to 110 mph along the corridor and reduced the travel time between Harrisburg and Philadelphia to as little as 95 minutes. It also eliminated the need to change locomotives at 30th Street Station from diesel to electric and vice versa for trains continuing to or coming from New York City.

As of 2008, the Harrisburg Transportation Center was the 2nd busiest Amtrak station in Pennsylvania and 21st busiest in the United States.^[103]^[104]

Roads and bridges

Harrisburg is served by several major highways, includingInterstate 76(Pennsylvania Turnpike), which passes south of the city and accesses two interchanges, running west toPittsburghand east toPhiladelphia.Interstate 81passes to the north of Harrisburg and heads southwest towardCarlisleand northeast towardHazleton.Interstate 83begins at I-81 near Harrisburg and heads south and west through the center of Harrisburg before continuing south towardYorkandBaltimore.Interstate 283connects I-76 and I-83 southeast of Harrisburg.U.S. Route 11andU.S. Route 15pass through the western suburbs of Harrisburg, heading north concurrent fromCamp Hillup the west bank of theSusquehanna RivertowardSelinsgrove.South of Camp Hill, US 11 heads southwest toward Carlisle and US 15 heads south towardGettysburg.U.S. Route 22andU.S. Route 322head northwest concurrent from Harrisburg towardLewistown.US 22 passes through the northern portion of Harrisburg before it heads northeast towardAllentown.US 322 bypasses Harrisburg along I-81 and I-83 before heading east towardHershey.Pennsylvania Route 230heads south from US 22 in the northern part of Harrisburg and passes through the city along Cameron Street.Pennsylvania Route 283heads southeast from I-283 on a freeway towardLancaster.Pennsylvania Route 581connects I-81 and I-83 on a freeway through the western suburbs of Harrisburg. I-81, I-83, and PA 581 form theCapital Beltwaythat circles Harrisburg.^[105]^[106]

Harrisburg is the location of over a dozen large bridges, many up to a mile long, that cross the Susquehanna River. Several other important structures span thePaxton Creekwatershed andCameron Street,linkingDowntownwith neighborhoods inEast Harrisburg.These include theState Street Bridge,also known as the Soldiers and Sailor's Memorial Bridge, and theMulberry Street Bridge.Walnut Street Bridge,now used only by pedestrians and cyclists, links the downtown andRiverfront Parkareas withCity Islandbut goes no further as spans are missing on its western side due to massive flooding resulting from the North American blizzard of 1996.

Education

Public schools

Harrisburg is served by theHarrisburg School District.Theschool districtprovides education for the city's youth beginning with all-daykindergartenthrough twelfth grade. In 2003,SciTech High,a regional math and science magnet school affiliated withHarrisburg University,opened its doors to local students.

Public Charter Schools

The city also has several publiccharter schools:Infinity Charter School, Sylvan Heights Science Charter School, Premier Arts and Science Charter School, andCapital Area School for the Arts.

TheCentral Dauphin School District,the largest public school district in theHarrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical areaand the 13th-largest in Pennsylvania, has several Harrisburg postal addresses for many of the District's schools.Steelton-Highspire School Districtborders much of the Harrisburg School District.

Private schools

Harrisburg is home to an extensive Catholic educational system. There are nearly 40 parish-driven elementary schools and seven Catholic high schools within the region administered by theRoman Catholic Diocese of Harrisburg,includingBishop McDevitt High SchoolandTrinity High School.Numerous other private schools, such as The Londonderry School andThe Circle School,which is aSudbury Modelschool, also operate in Harrisburg.Harrisburg Academy,founded in 1784, is one of the oldest independentcollege preparatoryschools in the nation. The Rabbi David L. Silver Yeshiva Academy, founded in 1944, is a progressive, modern Jewish day school. Also, Harrisburg is home toHarrisburg Christian School,founded in 1955.^[107]

Private Schools in Harrisburg^[108]
School	Grades	Type	Location
Alternative Rehabilitation Communities	7-12	Alternative	2742 North Front Street
Bishop McDevitt High School	9-12	Religious	1 Crusader Way
Cathedral Consolidated School	PK-8	Religious	212 State Street
Cornell Abraxas Group	7-12		2950 North 7th Street
Covenant Christian Academy	NS-12	Religious	1982 Locust Lane
East Shore Montessori School	NS	Montessori	6130 Old Jonestown Road
Follow Me Christian Child Care Center	PK-1	Religious	6003 Jonestown Road
Hansel & Gretel Early Learning Center	PK-K	Preschool	4820 Londonderry Road
Harrisburg Adventist School	NS-9	Religious	424 North Progress Avenue
Harrisburg Catholic Elementary School	PK-8	Religious	555 South 25th Street
Harrisburg Christian School	K-12	Religious	2000 Blue Mountain Parkway
Hildebrandt Learning Center	K	Preschool	1500 Elmerton Avenue
Hillside Seventh-day Adventist School	K-8	Religious	1301 Cumberland Street
Holy Name of Jesus School	NS-8	Religious	6190 Allentown Boulevard
Jonestown Road KinderCare	NS-PK	Preschool	6006 Jonestown Road
Little Learners Child Development Center	PK-K	Preschool	2300 Vartan Way
Londonderry Road KinderCare	NS-PK	Preschool	4075 Londonderry Road
Londonderry School	PK-8		1800 Bamberger Road
New Story School	K-12	Special Ed	2700 Commerce Drive
Rabbi David L. Silver Yeshiva Academy	PK-8	Religious	3301 North Front Street
St. Catherine Laboure School	PK-8	Religious	4020 Derry Street
St. Margaret Mary School	NS-8	Religious	2826 Herr Street
St. Stephen's Episcopal School	PK-8	Religious	215 North Front Street
Samuel School	PK-8	Religious	411 South 40th Street
Strawberry Garden Day Care Center	PK-K	Preschool	1616 Herr Street
Susquehanna Township KinderCare	NS-PK	Preschool	3701 Vartan Way
The Circle School	PK-12	Alternative	727 Wilhelm Road
The Goddard School	NS-K	Preschool	4397 Sturbridge Drive
The Nativity School of Harrisburg	6-8	Alternative	2135 North 6th Street
Wordsworth Academy	2-12	Special Ed	1745 North Cameron Street

Higher education

TheAssociation of Independent Colleges and Universities of Pennsylvania(AICUP), which represents 85 nonprofit colleges and 280,000 students,^[109]is headquartered in downtown Harrisburg.^[110]
Dixon University Center(defunct),^[111]located inUptown,was the office of Chancellor and the central headquarters of thePennsylvania State System of Higher Education(PASSHE). With a total student enrollment 82,688 during the 2023-24 academic year,^[112]PASSHE is one of thelargest university systemsin the United States
Harrisburg Area Community College:the original campus of the college, the Harrisburg Campus, and Penn Center andMidtowncampus which are branches of the Harrisburg Campus are located in Harrisburg. Newer campuses are located inGettysburg,Lancaster,LebanonandYork
Harrisburg University of Science and Technology,locatedDowntown
Messiah College's Harrisburg Institute,located Downtown
Penn State Harrisburg Eastgate Center,located Downtown
Temple University Harrisburg Campus,located Downtown
Widener University Commonwealth Law School

Libraries

Dauphin County Law Library
Dauphin County Library System,with eight branches in Harrisburg and suburbanDauphin County
McCormick Library ofHarrisburg Area Community College
Harrisburg UniversityLibrary
Penn State Harrisburg Library
State Library of Pennsylvania,which includes the Pennsylvania Law Library
Medical library services ofUPMC Pinnacle
Law Library,Widener University School of Law

Notable people

Since the early 18th century, Harrisburg has been home to many people of note. Because it is the seat of government for the state and lies relatively close to other urban centers, Harrisburg has played a significant role in the nation's political, cultural and industrial history. "Harrisburgers" have also taken a leading role in the development of Pennsylvania's history for over two centuries. Two former U.S. Secretaries of War,Simon CameronandAlexander Ramseyand several other prominent political figures, such as former speaker of the houseNewt Gingrich,hail from Harrisburg. The actorDon Keeferwas born near Harrisburg, along with the actorRichard Sanders,most famous for playingLes NessmaninWKRP in Cincinnati.Many notable individuals are interred atHarrisburg CemeteryandEast Harrisburg Cemetery.

Actors

Eric Mabius,actorUgly Betty
Matt Cook,television, actorMan with a Plan
John A. Ellsler(1821–1903), actor and theatre manager, born in Harrisburg
Nancy Kulp,actress
Mark Malkoff,comedian and filmmaker
Eric Martsolf,actor and singer
Pauline Moore,actress
Ciara Renée,actress

Artists, designers

Grafton Tyler Brown,firstAfrican Americanartist to create works depicting thePacific NorthwestandCalifornia
Stephanie A. Johnson(born 1952), mixed media artist, educator
Rachel Nabors,cartoonist
Barbara Tyson Mosley(born 1950) American mixed media artist.^[113]

Musicians

Glenn Branca,avant-garde composer and guitarist
Justin Duerr,musician and artist
James Allen Gähres,music conductor
Dan Hartman,musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer
Gene "Birdlegg" Pittman,blues harmonicist, singer and songwriter.^[114]
Rudi Protrudi,rock musician
Bobby Troup,actor, jazz pianist, and songwriter
Robert White,musician

Politics, military, activism

Betty Andujar,first Republican woman to serve inTexas State Senate(1973–1983), was born in Harrisburg in 1912
David Conner,U.S. Navy commodore
Candace Gingrich,civil rights activist
Newt Gingrich,U.S. Representative 1979–99,Speaker of the House;born in Harrisburg.
Charles P. Mason,Vice admiral in the Navy during World War II andNavy Crossrecipient
Daniel C. Miller,Harrisburg CityController
Bruce I. Smith,state representative,Pennsylvania House of Representatives
George W. Smith,Major General in the Marine Corps
William Trickett Smith,lawyer and the former chairman of the Dauphin CountyRepublicanParty
Edward J. Stackpole,newspaper publisher, author, U.S. Army major general^[115]
Perry A. Stambaugh,member of thePennsylvania House of Representatives, District 86
Robert J. Stevenson,actor and politician, born 1915 in Harrisburg,Los Angeles City Councilmember
Donald A. Stroh,U.S. Army major general, born in Harrisburg^[116]
M. Harvey Taylor,Pennsylvania State Senator
LeRoy Zimmerman,40thAttorney General of Pennsylvania

Sports

Les Bell,baseball player for1926 World SerieschampionSt. Louis Cardinals
Jennifer Brady,tennis player
Gilbert Brown(born 1987), basketball player forIroni Nahariyaof theIsraeli Basketball Premier League
Bruce Brubaker,baseball player for theLos Angeles DodgersandMilwaukee Brewers
Marques Colston,wide receiver for theNew Orleans Saints
Larry Conjar,NFL player
Phil Davis,UFC fighter
Barney Ewell,Olympic gold medalist inNational Track and Field Hall of Fame
Hyleas Fountain,Olympic games heptathlete
Garry Gilliam,NFL player
Dennis Green,head coach NFL teams theMinnesota Vikingsand theArizona Cardinals
Scott Hilton,NFL player
Jimmy Jones,CFL player
Danny Lansanah,professional football player,Green Bay Packers
Jeremy Linn,swimmer, gold and 2x-silver medalist at1996 Summer Olympicsand former world and American record holder
Connor Maloney,professional soccer player
LeSean McCoy,former professional football player,Buffalo BillsandPhiladelphia Eagles
Jeffrey B. Miller,Head of Security for theNational Football League
Kevin Mitchell,former NFL linebacker and Super Bowl winner
Micah Parsons,linebacker for theDallas Cowboys
Jim Price,baseball player and broadcaster
Ed Ruth,three-timeNCAA collegiate wrestlingchampion (2012–2014),mixed martial artistfighter
Robert Tate,NFL cornerback for Minnesota Vikings, Baltimore Ravens, Arizona Cardinals
Ricky Watters,NFL running back, Pro Bowl selection and Super Bowl winner
Jan White,NFL player
Kris Wilson,professional football player,Baltimore Ravens,Kansas City Chiefs,andSan Diego Chargers

Writers

James Boyd,a resident of Front Street, wrote a novel about the city in 1935,Roll River.^[117]
Thomas Morris Chester,prominent Black journalist, lawyer, and soldier in the Civil War, was born here.
Carmen Finestra,television producer and writer.
Jimmy Gownley,New York Times best-selling author and illustrator ofAmelia Rules!.
John O'Hara,author, a native of Pottsville, lived in Harrisburg briefly to write his novel about the city,A Rage to Live.^[117]
Adam Resnick,comedic author, wrote about growing up in Harrisburg in his bookWill Not Attend,and wrote the screenplay forLucky Numbers(2000), a film taking place in Harrisburg.
Will Stanton,long-published humor writer.
John Wyeth,publisher ofWyeth's Repository of Sacred Music(1810;Second Part1813).

Others

James Milnor Coit,teacher
Carl Cover,aviation pioneer and test pilot
Lindsay Czarniak,ESPNanchor
Margaret B. Denning(1856–1935), missionary and temperance worker
Alan Isaacman,lawyer who arguedHustler Magazine v. Falwellbefore theSupreme Court of the United States
Agnes Kemp(1823–1908), American physician and temperance movement leader
Clyde A. Lynch,president of Lebanon Valley College
Kenneth W. Mack,historian and professor atHarvard Law School
Edward C. Malesic,Catholic Bishop of Cleveland
Robert James Miller,Medal of Honor recipient
Frank Soday,chemist influential in development of alternative uses for synthetic fiber
Dan Wilson,biologist and science communicator

Notes

^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
^Official records for Harrisburg kept at downtown from July 1888 to December 1938,Capital City Airportfrom January 1939 to September 1991, and at Harrisburg Int'l inMiddletownsince October 1991.^[54]

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^Blank, Barbara (2019)."Thrill of the Show".TheBurg.
^"City of Harrisburg Comprehensive Plan 2020"(PDF).City of Harrisburg.p. 157.Retrieved3 September2021.
^Adams, Sean (14 June 2023)."How Harrisburg became the place to see the coolest bands you've never heard of".The Patriot-News.Retrieved15 June2023.
^"City of Harrisburg Comprehensive Plan 2020"(PDF).City of Harrisburg.pp. 157–158.Retrieved3 September2021.
^"Nielsen Media 2013-2014 Local Market Estimates".Broadcast Employment Services. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-08-28.RetrievedFebruary 6,2014.
^"Audio | Nielsen".Arbitron.Retrieved2017-01-28.
^"History of the Broad Street Market".Broad Street Market Corporation. 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-02-20.Retrieved2007-01-17.
^"Hbg Doll Museum / Dolls / Trains / Hot Wheels / Doll Museum".hbgdollmuseum.Archived fromthe originalon 2018-12-15.Retrieved2018-12-11.
^Museum Becomes Smithsonian Affiliate Archived2010-11-25 at theWayback MachineNational Civil War Museum press release. Accessed January 29, 2010
^"Levitt Pavilion for the Performing Arts".VisitPA | #visitPA.Retrieved2018-12-11.
^"The State Museum of Pennsylvania | The State Museum of Pennsylvania demonstrates that Pennsylvania's story is America's story".statemuseumpa.org.Retrieved2018-12-11.
^"Art Association of Harrisburg".artassocofhbg.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-06-07.Retrieved2018-08-08.
^"Capital Area Greenbelt Association | Keeping it Green!".caga.org.Retrieved2018-12-11.
^"Center City Sights: Central Business District".HarrisburgPA.gov.Archived fromthe originalon 2005-08-30.Retrieved2005-12-24.
^Baer, John M. (1990-11-14)."Voters in Pennsylvania Capital Revoke a Tribute".Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286.Retrieved2021-06-23.
^"City of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019"(PDF).City of Harrisburg.Retrieved23 June2021.
^McCabe, Caitlin (25 May 2015)."Colwyn: Can this town be saved?".Philadelphia Daily News.Retrieved26 May2015.
^^a ^bPennsylvania's Success with Local Property Tax Reform: The Split Rate Tax Archived2009-02-08 at theWayback MachineEarth Rights Institute. Hartzok, Alanna. 1995. Accessed February 12, 2010.
^Mark Alan Hughes (2006)."Why So Little Georgism in America: Using the Pennsylvania Case Files to Understand the Slow, Uneven Progress of Land Value Taxation"(PDF).Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2014-08-23.
^"PA two-rate cities and rates as of Nov. 2009".The Henry George Foundation of America. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-04-19.Retrieved2010-01-15.
^"A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis of the Effect of Two-Rate Property Taxes on Construction", Journal of Urban Economics, 2000, vol. 47, issue 2, p. 216-247
^Oates, W. & Schwab, R. "The Impact of Urban Land Taxation: The Pittsburgh Experience." National Tax Journal L (March) 1-21. (1997)
^Cord, S. "Ta xing Land More Than Buildings: The Record In Pennsylvania." In C. Lowell Harriss, ed. 1983. The Property Tax and Local Finance. New York: The Academy of Political Science 172-179.
^City of Harrisburg (2006)."Transport in the Harrisburg area".harrisburgpa.gov/. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-12-13.Retrieved2007-01-03.
^Durantine, Peter."Susquehanna Splashdown: Harrisburg Seaplane Base turned river into a runway"(PDF).The Burg.p. 12.Retrieved2021-09-27.
^New Name Unveiled for Harrisburg to Lancaster Proposed Rail Service Archived2009-02-20 at theWayback MachineModern Transit Partnership, accessed February 5, 2010.
^"Southcentral PA's Multi-Modal Transportation Efforts".Modern Transit Partnership.Archived fromthe originalon 7 February 2016.Retrieved7 February2016.
^^a ^b ^c"CorridorOne in the Harrisburg Region".Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-01-01.Retrieved2007-01-24.
^"About the Harrisburg Transport Center".Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. 2007.Retrieved2007-02-01.^{[dead link]}
^"NS opens intermodal hub at Harrisburg – Norfolk Southern – Brief Article (July 2000)".Railway Age.July 1, 2000. Archived fromthe originalon April 27, 2008.
^"Amtrak Passenger Station Factsheet"(PDF).Amtrak. 2008.Retrieved2009-04-24.
^"Amtrak National Facts".Amtrak. 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-01-20.Retrieved2009-04-24.
^Dauphin County, Pennsylvania Highway Map(PDF)(Map).PennDOT.2021. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 16, 2015.RetrievedMay 12,2022.
^Cumberland County, Pennsylvania Highway Map(PDF)(Map).PennDOT.2021. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 9, 2018.RetrievedMay 12,2022.
^"The History of HCS".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-03-05.Retrieved2007-04-21.
^"Best Private Schools in Harrisburg, PA (2021)".privateschoolreview.Retrieved2021-07-20.
^Foley, Thomas (June 10, 2024)."Independent nonprofit colleges prepare graduates for tomorrow's economy".Central Penn Business Journal.
^"About Us, Location".AICUP.
^"Federation finalizes purchase of Dixon University Center".Penn Live.April 1, 2022.
^"Workbook: Enrollment".viz.passhe.edu.Retrieved2024-05-19.
^"Barbara Tyson-Mosley".National Gallery of Art.Retrieved2021-02-04.
^Bob L. Eagle; Eric S. LeBlanc (1 May 2013).Blues: A Regional Experience.ABC-CLIO. p. 537.ISBN 978-0-313-34424-4.
^Who's Who in Commerce and Industry.Vol. 9. Chicago, IL: Marquis Who's Who. 1955. p. 980 – viaGoogle Books.
^Stumpf, Robert E. (2018)."Biography, Donald A. Stroh".9th Infantry Division In WW2.Copenhagen, Denmark: Yuri Beckers.RetrievedJune 2,2024.
^^a ^b"Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's Capital City".Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.2007. Archived fromthe originalon 2006-12-11.Retrieved2007-02-01.

External links

[54] Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.

[56] Official records for Harrisburg kept at downtown from July 1888 to December 1938,Capital City Airportfrom January 1939 to September 1991, and at Harrisburg Int'l inMiddletownsince October 1991.^[54]

[1] "About the County - History".Dauphin County.Retrieved2023-07-27.

[2] "Harrisburg City Council Homepage".City of Harrisburg.Retrieved2023-01-26.

[TigerWebMapServer-3] "ArcGIS REST Services Directory".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedOctober 12,2022.

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[GR2-6] "U.S. Census website".United States Census Bureau.Retrieved2008-01-31.

[PAHMDB-7] "PHMC Historical Markers Search".Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Archived fromthe original(Searchable database)on 2016-03-21.Retrieved2014-01-25.

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[10] 75th Farm Show: A History of Pennsylvania's Annual Agricultural Exposition Archived2012-03-15 at theWayback MachineDan Cupper, Accessed January 29, 2010.

[11] W. Kesler Jackson, "Robbers and Incediaries: Protectionism Organizes at the Harrisburg Convention of 1827," Libertarian Papers 2, 21 (2010).

[12] Gilbert, Stephanie Patterson."Harrisburg's Old Eight Ward: Constructing a Website for Student Research"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2010-05-08.Retrieved2011-04-30.

[Eggert,_Gerald_G._1993._p58-13] Eggert, Gerald G., Harrisburg Industrializes: The Coming of Factories to an American Community. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993. p58

[14] The Underground Railroad Archived2006-09-20 at theWayback Machine

[15] GETTYSBURG - The Artillery Duel- YouTube[2]

[16] "Brief History".Steelton Boro Website.2008. Archived fromthe originalon 2013-03-06.Retrieved2016-02-06.

[17] Eggert, Gerald G., Harrisburg Industrializes: The Coming of Factories to an American Community. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993. p40

[auto-18] Wilson, William H. (1980)."HARRISBURG'S SUCCESSFUL CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT, 1900–1915".Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies.47(3): 213–233.ISSN 0031-4528.JSTOR 27772668.

[19] Williams, Rachel (2020)."History and Memory of the Old Eighth Ward".Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies.87(1): 164–178.doi:10.5325/pennhistory.87.1.0164.ISSN 0031-4528.JSTOR 10.5325/pennhistory.87.1.0164.S2CID 212820800.

[20] Eggert, Gerald G., Harrisburg Industrializes: The Coming of Factories to an American Community. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993. p339

[21] A Decade Later, TMI's Legacy Is MistrustThe Washington Post,March 28, 1989, p. A01.

[22] "Harrisburg rounds up Western artifacts for auction – The Patriot News – Brief Article (May 2007)".Archived fromthe originalon 2011-09-17.

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[Harrisdebt-25] Malawskey, Nick (May 29, 2012)."Harrisburg's eye-popping debt".The Patriot-News.

[school-26] Emily Previti (August 28, 2013)."Harrisburg officials considering tax incentives for 10 city properties".The Patriot-News.RetrievedAugust 24,2013.

[27] Malanga, Steve (June 1, 2013)."The Many Ways That Cities Cook Their Bond Books".Wall Street Journal.Retrieved1 June2013.

[28] Gilliland, Donald (May 6, 2013)."SEC charges Harrisburg with fraud; settled case puts all municipalities on notice".The Patriot-News.RetrievedMay 6,2013.

[29] "Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Chapter 9 Voluntary Petition"(PDF).PacerMonitor.Retrieved22 June2016.

[autogenerated2-30] Voluntary Chapter 9 petition, docket entry 1, Oct. 11, 2011, case no. 1:11-bk-06938-MDF, U.S. Bankr. Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania

[31] Veronikis, Eric (2011-10-12)."Harrisburg City Council attorney Mark D. Schwartz files bankruptcy petition".Patriot News.Retrieved8 November2013.

[32] Stech, Kasey; Nolan, Kelley (November 25, 2011)."Harrisburg Bankruptcy Filing Voided".Wall Street Journal.Retrieved13 June2012.

[33] Luhbi, Tamy (November 23, 2011)."Troubled Harrisburg Now State's Problem".CNN Money.Retrieved13 June2012.

[unkovicburton-34] Burton, Paul (March 30, 2012)."Frustrated Harrisburg Receiver David Unkovic Resigns".The Bond Buyer.Retrieved13 June2012.

[35] "Rough politics, race and a corrupt Wall Street all factors in Harrisburg's financial distress, says former Receiver David Unkovic".The Patriot-News.March 19, 2013.Retrieved2013-04-16.

[36] Malawskey, Nick (June 12, 2012)."Harrisburg receiver William Lynch gives City Council ultimatum: Act on fiscal plan or I'll go to court".Harrisburg Patriot Naws.Retrieved13 June2012.

[37] "Harrisburg City Council Respond to Unkovic Op-ed".CBS 21 News, Harrisburg Pa. June 11, 2012.Retrieved13 June2012.^{[permanent dead link]}

[38] Veronikis, Eric (June 30, 2012)."State House approves bill extending bankruptcy prohibition for Harrisburg; it heads to Senate for vote".The Patriot-News.Retrieved4 July2012.

[39] Veronikis, Eric (June 9, 2012)."Harrisburg bankruptcy debate rises as expiration date for state law nears".The Patriot-News.Retrieved13 June2012.

[40] Southwick, Ron (December 12, 2012)."Newsmakers 2012: Harrisburg and its financial woes continue to grow".The Patriot-News.Retrieved2013-04-16.

[WSJ-Plan-41] Chris Maher (August 26, 2013)."Harrisburg Gives Court Plan to Pay Off Its $360 Million Debt".The Wall Street Journal.Retrieved2013-08-27.

[plan_details-42] Jason Scott (August 26, 2013)."Harrisburg debt filing: Here is what we know about the plan".The Patriot-News.Archived fromthe originalon 2013-09-21.Retrieved2013-08-27.

[Debt_Deal-43] Jeff Frantz (August 26, 2013)."Debt deal would create two investment corporations for Harrisburg".The Patriot-News.Retrieved2013-08-27.

[44] Joe Hermitt (September 19, 2013)."Commonwealth Court judge says she'll confirm Harrisburg debt plan".PennLive.The Patriot News.RetrievedSeptember 19,2013.

[45] Emily Previtt (September 17, 2013)."Harrisburg City Council approval brings debt plan closer to implementation: 5 takeaways".PennLive.The Patriot News.RetrievedSeptember 19,2013.

[analysis-46] Donald Gilliland (August 27, 2013)."What could still go wrong with Harrisburg's debt plan: an analysis".The Patriot-News.Retrieved2013-08-24.

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[58] "Station: Middletown Harrisburg INTL AP, PA".U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020).National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedAugust 7,2021.

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[60] "Station: Harrisburg CPTL CY AP, PA".U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020).National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.RetrievedAugust 7,2021.

[61] "WMO Climate Normals for HARRISBURG/CAPITAL CI AP PA 1961–1990".National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe originalon 2024-03-05.RetrievedMarch 10,2014.

[62] "2021 Harrisburg Historic District Design Guidelines".harrisburghistoricpreservation-cohbg.hub.arcgis.Retrieved2022-07-12.

[63] "Buildings of Harrisburg".Emporis.Archived from the original on 2007-03-21.Retrieved2008-09-29.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[DecennialCensus-64] "Census of Population and Housing from 1790".US Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 24,2022.

[2020CensusP2-65] "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Harrisburg city, Pennsylvania".United States Census Bureau.

[66] "1980 census of population. Characteristics of the population. General Social and Economic Characteristics. Pennsylvania"(PDF).

[67] "Pennsylvania: 1990, Part 1"(PDF).

[2000CensusP004-68] "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Harrisburg city, Pennsylvania".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 26,2024.

[69] "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Harrisburg city, Pennsylvania".United States Census Bureau.

[70] "Population of the 100 Largest Cities 1790 to 1990".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-03-14.

[Eggert-71] "Harrisburg Industrializes, The coming of factories to an American community", Eggert, Gerald G.; The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993

[economy_city_data-72] Harrisburg: Economyfrom Capital Region Economic Development Corporation, 2005. Retrieved 2011-01-28.

[73] Capital Region Economic Development Corporation

[74] Barton, Michael (2005).To a Harmony with Our Souls: A History of Jazz in Central Pennsylvania.Harrisburg, PA: Central Pennsylvania Friends of Jazz.

[75] Blank, Barbara (2019)."Thrill of the Show".TheBurg.

[76] "City of Harrisburg Comprehensive Plan 2020"(PDF).City of Harrisburg.p. 157.Retrieved3 September2021.

[77] Adams, Sean (14 June 2023)."How Harrisburg became the place to see the coolest bands you've never heard of".The Patriot-News.Retrieved15 June2023.

[78] "City of Harrisburg Comprehensive Plan 2020"(PDF).City of Harrisburg.pp. 157–158.Retrieved3 September2021.

[tvjobs-79] "Nielsen Media 2013-2014 Local Market Estimates".Broadcast Employment Services. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-08-28.RetrievedFebruary 6,2014.

[80] "Audio | Nielsen".Arbitron.Retrieved2017-01-28.

[broad-81] "History of the Broad Street Market".Broad Street Market Corporation. 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-02-20.Retrieved2007-01-17.

[82] "Hbg Doll Museum / Dolls / Trains / Hot Wheels / Doll Museum".hbgdollmuseum.Archived fromthe originalon 2018-12-15.Retrieved2018-12-11.

[83] Museum Becomes Smithsonian Affiliate Archived2010-11-25 at theWayback MachineNational Civil War Museum press release. Accessed January 29, 2010

[84] "Levitt Pavilion for the Performing Arts".VisitPA | #visitPA.Retrieved2018-12-11.

[85] "The State Museum of Pennsylvania | The State Museum of Pennsylvania demonstrates that Pennsylvania's story is America's story".statemuseumpa.org.Retrieved2018-12-11.

[86] "Art Association of Harrisburg".artassocofhbg.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-06-07.Retrieved2018-08-08.

[87] "Capital Area Greenbelt Association | Keeping it Green!".caga.org.Retrieved2018-12-11.

[88] "Center City Sights: Central Business District".HarrisburgPA.gov.Archived fromthe originalon 2005-08-30.Retrieved2005-12-24.

[89] Baer, John M. (1990-11-14)."Voters in Pennsylvania Capital Revoke a Tribute".Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286.Retrieved2021-06-23.

[90] "City of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019"(PDF).City of Harrisburg.Retrieved23 June2021.

[91] McCabe, Caitlin (25 May 2015)."Colwyn: Can this town be saved?".Philadelphia Daily News.Retrieved26 May2015.

[earth-92] Pennsylvania's Success with Local Property Tax Reform: The Split Rate Tax Archived2009-02-08 at theWayback MachineEarth Rights Institute. Hartzok, Alanna. 1995. Accessed February 12, 2010.

[93] Mark Alan Hughes (2006)."Why So Little Georgism in America: Using the Pennsylvania Case Files to Understand the Slow, Uneven Progress of Land Value Taxation"(PDF).Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2014-08-23.

[94] "PA two-rate cities and rates as of Nov. 2009".The Henry George Foundation of America. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-04-19.Retrieved2010-01-15.

[markovchain-95] "A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis of the Effect of Two-Rate Property Taxes on Construction", Journal of Urban Economics, 2000, vol. 47, issue 2, p. 216-247

[96] Oates, W. & Schwab, R. "The Impact of Urban Land Taxation: The Pittsburgh Experience." National Tax Journal L (March) 1-21. (1997)

[97] Cord, S. "Ta xing Land More Than Buildings: The Record In Pennsylvania." In C. Lowell Harriss, ed. 1983. The Property Tax and Local Finance. New York: The Academy of Political Science 172-179.

[trans-98] City of Harrisburg (2006)."Transport in the Harrisburg area".harrisburgpa.gov/. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-12-13.Retrieved2007-01-03.

[99] Durantine, Peter."Susquehanna Splashdown: Harrisburg Seaplane Base turned river into a runway"(PDF).The Burg.p. 12.Retrieved2021-09-27.

[100] New Name Unveiled for Harrisburg to Lancaster Proposed Rail Service Archived2009-02-20 at theWayback MachineModern Transit Partnership, accessed February 5, 2010.

[101] "Southcentral PA's Multi-Modal Transportation Efforts".Modern Transit Partnership.Archived fromthe originalon 7 February 2016.Retrieved7 February2016.

[tcrpc-102] "CorridorOne in the Harrisburg Region".Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 2007-01-01.Retrieved2007-01-24.

[hbg_trans-103] "About the Harrisburg Transport Center".Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. 2007.Retrieved2007-02-01.^{[dead link]}

[104] "NS opens intermodal hub at Harrisburg – Norfolk Southern – Brief Article (July 2000)".Railway Age.July 1, 2000. Archived fromthe originalon April 27, 2008.

[105] "Amtrak Passenger Station Factsheet"(PDF).Amtrak. 2008.Retrieved2009-04-24.

[106] "Amtrak National Facts".Amtrak. 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-01-20.Retrieved2009-04-24.

[PennDOTDauphin-107] Dauphin County, Pennsylvania Highway Map(PDF)(Map).PennDOT.2021. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 16, 2015.RetrievedMay 12,2022.

[PennDOTCumberland-108] Cumberland County, Pennsylvania Highway Map(PDF)(Map).PennDOT.2021. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 9, 2018.RetrievedMay 12,2022.

[109] "The History of HCS".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-03-05.Retrieved2007-04-21.

[110] "Best Private Schools in Harrisburg, PA (2021)".privateschoolreview.Retrieved2021-07-20.

[111] Foley, Thomas (June 10, 2024)."Independent nonprofit colleges prepare graduates for tomorrow's economy".Central Penn Business Journal.

[112] "About Us, Location".AICUP.

[113] "Federation finalizes purchase of Dixon University Center".Penn Live.April 1, 2022.

[k035-114] "Workbook: Enrollment".viz.passhe.edu.Retrieved2024-05-19.

[:12-115] "Barbara Tyson-Mosley".National Gallery of Art.Retrieved2021-02-04.

[116] Bob L. Eagle; Eric S. LeBlanc (1 May 2013).Blues: A Regional Experience.ABC-CLIO. p. 537.ISBN 978-0-313-34424-4.

[117] Who's Who in Commerce and Industry.Vol. 9. Chicago, IL: Marquis Who's Who. 1955. p. 980 – viaGoogle Books.

[Beckers-118] Stumpf, Robert E. (2018)."Biography, Donald A. Stroh".9th Infantry Division In WW2.Copenhagen, Denmark: Yuri Beckers.RetrievedJune 2,2024.

[phmc3-119] "Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's Capital City".Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.2007. Archived fromthe originalon 2006-12-11.Retrieved2007-02-01.

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v t e Broadcast televisionin theSusquehanna Valleyregion
This region includes the following cities:Harrisburg Lancaster Lebanon York Reception may vary by location and some stations may only be viewable withcable television
Full power	WGAL(8.1NBC,8.2MeTV,8.4Story,8.5Ion+,8.6QVC,8.7HSN) WXBU(15.1UNI) WHP-TV(21.1CBS,21.2MNTV,21.3CW) WHTM-TV(27.1ABC,27.2Ion,27.3Grit,27.4Laff) WITF-TV(33.1PBS,33.2PBS Kids) WPMT(43.1Fox,43.2ANT) WLYH(49.1Rel.Ind.)
Low power	WCZS-LD(35.1Bounce,35.2Court,35.3Mystery,35.4Grit,35.5Ion+,35.6Scripps)
Cable	Harrisburg Broadcast Network
Pennsylvania broadcast television Erie Harrisburg/Lancaster/Lebanon/York (Susquehanna Valley) Johnstown/Altoona/State College (Happy Valley) Philadelphia Pittsburgh Scranton/Wilkes-Barre

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History

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