Heterogamy

Heterogamyis a term applied to a variety of distinct phenomena in different scientific domains. Usually having to do with some kind of difference, "hetero", in reproduction, "gamy". See below for more specific senses.

Science[edit]

Reproductive biology[edit]

In reproductive biology, heterogamy is the alternation of differently organized generations, applied to the alternation betweenparthenogeneticand asexualgeneration.^[1]^[2]This type of heterogamy occurs for example in someaphids.

Alternately,heterogamyorheterogamousis often used as a synonym ofheterogametic,meaning the presence of two unlike chromosomes in a sex.^[3]^[4]For example,XY malesandZWfemales are called the heterogamous sex.

Cell biology[edit]

Incell biology,heterogamy is a synonym ofanisogamy,the condition of having differently sized male and femalegametesproduced by different sexes or mating types in a species.

Botany[edit]

Inbotany,a plant is heterogamous when it carries at least two different types of flowers in regard to their reproductive structures, for example male and female flowers or bisexual and female flowers.Stamensandcarpelsare not regularly present in each flower or floret.

Social science[edit]

Insociology,heterogamy refers to amarriagebetween two individuals that differ in a certain criterion, and is contrasted withhomogamyfor a marriage or union between partners that match according to that criterion. For example, ethnic heterogamy refers to marriages involving individuals of different ethnic groups. Age heterogamy refers to marriages involving partners of significantly different ages. Heterogamy and homogamy are also used to describe marriage or union between people of unlike and like sex (or gender) respectively.

References[edit]

^Scott, Thomas (1996).Concise encyclopedia biology.Walter de Gruyter.ISBN 978-3-11-010661-9.
^Poinar, George O Jr; Trevor A Jackson; Nigel L Bell; Mohd B-asri Wahid (July 2002). "Elaeolenchus parthenonema n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Sphaerularioidea: Anandranematidae n. fam.) parasitic in the palm-pollinating weevil Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust, with a phylogenetic synopsis of the Sphaerularioidea Lubbock, 1861".Systematic Parasitology.52(3): 219–225.doi:10.1023/A:1015741820235.ISSN 0165-5752.PMID 12075153.S2CID 6405965.
^Lokki, Juhani; Esko Suomalainen; Anssi Saura; Pekka Lankinen (1975-03-01)."Genetic Polymorphism and Evolution in Parthenogenetic Animals. Ii. Diploid and Polyploid Solenobia Triquetrella (lepidoptera: Psychidae)".Genetics.79(3): 513–525.doi:10.1093/genetics/79.3.513.PMC1213290.PMID 1126629.Retrieved2011-12-20.
^Hiroki, Masato; Yohsuke Tagami; Kazuki Miura; Yoshiomi Kato (2004-08-22)."Multiple infection with Wolbachia inducing different reproductive manipulations in the butterfly Eurema hecabe".Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.271(1549): 1751–1755.doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2769.ISSN 0962-8452.PMC1691781.PMID 15306297..

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[1] Scott, Thomas (1996).Concise encyclopedia biology.Walter de Gruyter.ISBN 978-3-11-010661-9.

[2] Poinar, George O Jr; Trevor A Jackson; Nigel L Bell; Mohd B-asri Wahid (July 2002). "Elaeolenchus parthenonema n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Sphaerularioidea: Anandranematidae n. fam.) parasitic in the palm-pollinating weevil Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust, with a phylogenetic synopsis of the Sphaerularioidea Lubbock, 1861".Systematic Parasitology.52(3): 219–225.doi:10.1023/A:1015741820235.ISSN 0165-5752.PMID 12075153.S2CID 6405965.

[Lokki-3] Lokki, Juhani; Esko Suomalainen; Anssi Saura; Pekka Lankinen (1975-03-01)."Genetic Polymorphism and Evolution in Parthenogenetic Animals. Ii. Diploid and Polyploid Solenobia Triquetrella (lepidoptera: Psychidae)".Genetics.79(3): 513–525.doi:10.1093/genetics/79.3.513.PMC1213290.PMID 1126629.Retrieved2011-12-20.

[4] Hiroki, Masato; Yohsuke Tagami; Kazuki Miura; Yoshiomi Kato (2004-08-22)."Multiple infection with Wolbachia inducing different reproductive manipulations in the butterfly Eurema hecabe".Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.271(1549): 1751–1755.doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2769.ISSN 0962-8452.PMC1691781.PMID 15306297..

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