Hokie Stone

Burruss Hall — with Hokie Stone façade.

Hokie Stonefaçadedetail, on O'Shaughnessy Hall.

Hokie Stoneis a greydolomite—limestonerock found nearBlacksburg,in westernVirginia.It gets its name from thetraditional nicknameattributed to students and alumni ofVirginia Tech.

Hokie Stone is quarried by Virginia Tech for campus projects and is prominently displayed on the majority of buildings throughout the Blacksburgcampus.

Geology

Hokie Stone is limestone infused withmagnesiumandcalciumunder intense pressure and temperature. Hokie Stone with impurities such as siltstone andsandstoneis multi-colored and found on some newer Blacksburg campus structures.

South slope of the main quarry in Blacksburg.

Quarry

Eighty percent of the stone is quarried from a 40-acre (160,000 m²) Virginia Tech-ownedquarrya few miles from campus near the Highland Park subdivision ofBlacksburg,Virginia.Twenty-five to thirty Virginia Tech employees use black powder each day to dislodge the stone, cut it into block sizes required by campus construction projects and then finish the blocks by hand using hammers and chisels. In 2010 Virginia Tech upgraded the quarry equipment to reduce costs, including the purchase of a computer-driven saw.Hokie Stone from this quarry can only be sold to Virginia Tech.

The remaining 20% of stone, which is black, is mined once per year from an additional quarry located on a local farm near Lusters Gate. About 50 tons can be quarried each week.This university-owned quarry has been in operation since the 1950s.

History

Thenative woodland Indiansare believed to have made tools from Hokie Stone.

Use withCollegiate Gothic styleon Johnson Hall.

Use withmodernist styleon Pamplin Hall.

Norris Hall — with Hokie Stonefaçade.

At Virginia Tech

Buildings

When the university was founded in 1872, buildings built in theOld Quad(now known as theUpper Quad) were red brick structures, reflecting the architecture of its first building, thePreston and Olin Building,a three-story red brick edifice constructed in 1855 for thePreston and Olin Institute.The first Hokie Stone was cut in 1899 for theYMCABuilding (present dayPerforming Arts Building), the first to be constructed of it. V.P.I.'s first native-limestone-clad,neo-Gothicstyle building, known asThe Chapel,was later constructed on the site whereNewman Librarystands today.Agricultural Hallor"Old Aggie"(now known asPrice Hall) was built of the stone in 1907. In 1914, the firstMcBryde Hallintroduced the Hokie Stone-cladCollegiate Gothic style,similar to great European universities. Originally designed as red brick building,McBryde Hallwas clad in locally quarried stone because of a shortage of bricks due to military construction duringWorld War I.The first stone dormitory,Main Campbell Hall,originally known asbarracks No. 8was built in 1930.

Between the late 1940s and the 1980s, a number of concrete and brick structures absent of Hokie Stone such asHillcrest Hall,Shultz Hall(now known as theMoss Arts Center),Cowgill Hall,Litton Reaves Hall,Wallace Hall,Derring Hall(which ironically houses the geology department), theCassell Coliseumand several residence halls on theUpper Quadwere built. With the exception ofHillcrest Hall,which was built in the Gothic revival style in 1940 and clad in red brick, these were allmodern structuresand a radical departure from the architectural style of campus buildings built beforeWorld War II.

In 1975 the Tech Foundation bought the quarry from the local Cupp family.In 2010, the Virginia Tech Board of Visitors made it official policy that Hokie Stone be the predominant material in the facade of every new building on the Blacksburg central campus.Today each campus project uses an average of 1,500 tons of Hokie Stone, with each ton of stone covering about 35 square feet.The use of the local stone may add as much as $1 million to the cost of a new building.

Other uses

In addition to building exteriors, Hokie Stone is used in important monuments such as biographical markers outside each campus building providing a brief history of the person for whom the building is named. Thirty-two Hokie Stones were quarried by university stonemasons and engraved with the names of students and professors killed in theApril 2007 school shooting.The memorial is a permanent version of one students spontaneously created using smaller stones.TheVirginia Tech football teamenters the playing field atLane Stadiumthrough a tunnel with an exit topped by a block of Hokie Stone which is touched by each player.In 2011, Virginia Tech offered Hokie Stone as an option for the centerpiece ofclass rings.

On September 26,2013,the football team wore helmets decorated in a Hokie Stone motif for their game atGeorgia Tech.

Gallery

• 
  The saw that cuts Hokie Stone down to manageable sizes.
• 
  The breaker that breaks Hokie Stone to sizes that can be easily handled.
• 
  Hokie Stone surface detail view, withgargoyle.
• 
  Hokie Stone framing an arch on campus.

See also

• Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University—Virginia Tech.
  • Virginia Tech campus
  • Virginia Tech Hokies
• Collegiate Gothic in North America
• Limestone buildings
• List of types of limestone

External links

• Virginia Tech Board of Visitors: Resolution on Hokie Stone—"Attachment H" to minutes of 2010 meeting.