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Hollywood, Los Angeles

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Coordinates:34°06′06″N118°19′36″W/ 34.10167°N 118.32667°W/34.10167; -118.32667
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For the U.S. motion picture industry, seeCinema of the United States.

Hollywood
Neighborhood
The Hollywood Sign in front of Hollywood Hills in January 2019
TheHollywood Signin front ofHollywood Hillsin January 2019
Map of the Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles
Map of the Hollywood neighborhood ofLos Angeles
Hollywood is located in Los Angeles
Hollywood
Hollywood
Location of Hollywood inLos Angeles
Coordinates:34°06′06″N118°19′36″W/ 34.10167°N 118.32667°W/34.10167; -118.32667
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyLos Angeles
CityLos Angeles
Incorporated1903
Merged with Los Angeles1910
Named forHollywood, an estate inIllinois
Elevation
[1]
354 ft (108 m)
Area code323

Hollywoodis aneighborhoodin thecentral regionofLos Angeles County, California,mostly within the city ofLos Angeles.Its name has come to be ashorthand referencefor theU.S. film industryand the people associated with it. Many notable film studios, such asSony Pictures,Walt Disney Studios,Paramount Pictures,Warner Bros.andUniversal Pictures,are located near or in Hollywood.

Hollywood was incorporated as amunicipalityin 1903.[2][3]Thenorthernandeasternparts of the neighborhood wereconsolidatedwith the City of Los Angeles in 1910. Soon thereafter a prominentfilm industryemerged, having developed first on the East Coast. Eventually it became the most recognizable in the world.[4][5]Los Angeles city neighborhoods that make up part of the Hollywood area areNorth Hollywood,East Hollywood,and the independent municipality ofWest Hollywood.

History[edit]

Initial development[edit]

El Cabrillo,a historicSpanish Colonial Revivallandmark built in 1928 byCecil B. DeMille
Glen-Holly Hotel,Hollywood's first hotel, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street, was built in the 1890s.
H. J. Whitley(on left wearing a bowler hat) and theHollywood Hotel(on left) at the corner of Highland Avenue andHollywood Boulevard
Villa Las Colinas,a historicMission Revivalestate built byCharles E. Tobermanin 1922
The intersection of Hollywood and Highland Center in 1907

H. J. Whitley,a real estate developer, arranged to buy the 480-acre (1.9 km2) E.C. Hurd ranch. Whitley shared his plans for the new town with GeneralHarrison Gray Otis,publisher of theLos Angeles Times,and Ivar Weid, a prominent businessman in the area.[citation needed]

Daeida Wilcox,who donated land to help in the development of Hollywood, learned of the nameHollywoodfrom an acquaintance who owned an estate by that name in Illinois.[6] Wilcox is quoted as saying, "I chose the name Hollywood simply because it sounds nice and because I'm superstitious and holly brings good luck."[7]She recommended the same name to her husband,Harvey H. Wilcox,who had purchased 120 acres on February 1, 1887. It was not until August 1887 that Wilcox decided to use that name and filed with the Los Angeles County Recorder's office on a deed and parcel map of the property.

By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, and two markets. Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479, lay 10 miles (16 km) east through thevineyards,barley fields, andcitrusgroves. A single-trackstreetcar lineran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent and the trip took two hours. The old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a liverystable,improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood.

TheHollywood Hotelwas opened in 1902 by Whitley, president of the Los Pacific Boulevard and Development Company. Having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side ofHighland Avenue,the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue (laterHollywood Boulevard). Although it was still a dusty, unpaved road, it was regularly graded and graveled. The hotel became internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of movie stars for many years.

Whitley's company developed and sold one of the early residential areas, the Ocean View Tract.[8]Whitley did much to promote the area. He paid thousands of dollars to install electricity and arrange for electric lighting, and he built both a bank and a road into theCahuenga Pass.The lighting ran for several blocks down Prospect Avenue. Whitley's land was centered onHighland Avenue.[9][10]His 1918 development,Whitley Heights,was named for him.

Incorporation and merger[edit]

Hollywood was incorporated as amunicipalityon November 14, 1903, by a vote of 88 for and 77 against. On January 30, 1904, the voters in Hollywood decided, 113 to 96, to banish the sale of liquor within the city, except for medicinal purposes. Neither hotels nor restaurants were allowed to serve wine or liquor before or after meals.[11]

In 1910, the city voted for a merger with Los Angeles in order to secure an adequate water supply and to gain access to the L.A. sewer system.

With annexation, the name of Prospect Avenue was changed to Hollywood Boulevard and all the street numbers in the new district changed. For example, 100 Prospect Avenue, at Vermont Avenue, became 6400 Hollywood Boulevard; and 100 Cahuenga Boulevard, at Hollywood Boulevard, changed to 1700 Cahuenga Boulevard.[12]

Motion picture industry[edit]

Main article:Cinema of the United States
Nestor Studios,Hollywood's first movie studio, 1912
Hollywood movie studios in 1922

By 1912, major motion-picture companies had come West to set up production near or in Los Angeles.[13]

In the early 1900s, most motion picture camera and equipmentpatentswere held byThomas Edison'sMotion Picture Patents CompanyinNew Jersey,which often sued filmmakers to stop their productions. To escape this, filmmakers began moving to Los Angeles, where attempts to enforce Edison's patents were easier to evade.[14]Also, the weather was ideal for filmmaking and there was quick access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry in the United States.[15]The mountains, plains and low land prices made Hollywood a good place to establish film studios.[16]

DirectorD. W. Griffithwas the first to make a motion picture in Hollywood. His 17-minute short filmIn Old California(1910) was filmed for theBiograph Company.[17][18][19]Although Hollywood banned movie theaters—of which it had none—before annexation that year, Los Angeles had no such restriction.[20]

The first studio in Hollywood opened in early 1913, on Formosa Avenue down the street from Helen Muir's home.[21]: 447 Her fatherJohn Muirreturned from his tour ofEuropeandEast Africaa few months later and continued work onYosemiteand his book,The Yosemite.[21]: 447 TheNestor Film Companywas the first studio, established in October 1911[dubious–discuss]by the New Jersey-basedCentaur Film Companyin aroadhouseat 6121Sunset Boulevard(the corner ofGower).[citation needed]Four major film companies –Paramount,Warner Bros.,RKO,andColumbia– had studios in Hollywood, as did several minor companies and rental studios. In the 1920s, Hollywood was the fifth-largest industry in the nation.[15][clarification needed]By the 1930s, Hollywood studios became fullyvertically integrated,as production, distribution and exhibition was controlled by these companies, enabling Hollywood to produce 600 films per year.[16]

Hollywood became known asTinseltown[22] and the "dream factory"[16]because of the glittering image of the movie industry.

Further development[edit]

Hollywood Boulevardas seen from theDolby Theatrein 2005
Capitol Records Buildingin 1991

A large sign readingHOLLYWOODLANDwas erected in theHollywood Hillsin 1923 to advertise real estate developers Woodruff's and Shoults' housing development. In 1949, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce entered a contract with the City of Los Angeles to repair and rebuild the sign. The agreement stipulated thatLANDbe removed to spellHOLLYWOODso the sign would now refer to the district, rather than the housing development.[23]

During the early 1950s, theState of Californiaconstructed theHollywood Freewaythrough the northeast corner of Hollywood.

TheCapitol Records BuildingonVine Street,just north of Hollywood Boulevard, was built in 1956. TheHollywood Walk of Famewas created in 1958 as a tribute to artists and other significant contributors to the entertainment industry. The official opening was on February 8, 1960.[24][25][26]

TheHollywood Boulevard Commercial and Entertainment Districtwas listed in theNational Register of Historic Placesin 1985.

In June 1999, the Hollywood extension of theLos Angeles Metro RailRed Linesubwayopened fromDowntown Los Angelesto theSan Fernando Valley,with stops along Hollywood Boulevard atWestern Avenue(Hollywood/Western Metro station),Vine Street(Hollywood/Vine Metro station), andHighland Avenue(Hollywood/Highland Metro station).

TheDolby Theatre,which opened in 2001 as the Kodak Theatre at theHollywood & Highland Centermall, is the site of the annualAcademy Awardsprograms. The mall is located where the historicHollywood Hotelonce stood.

Revitalization[edit]

After the neighborhood underwent years of serious decline in the 1980s, with crime, drugs and increasing poverty among some residents, many landmarks were threatened with demolition.[27]Columbia Square,at the northwest corner ofSunset BoulevardandGower Street,is part of the ongoing rebirth of Hollywood. TheArt Deco-stylestudio complex, completed in 1938, was once the Hollywood headquarters forCBS.It became home to a new generation of broadcasters when cable television networksMTV,Comedy Central,BETandSpike TVconsolidated their offices there in 2014 as part of a $420 million office, residential and retail complex.[28]

Since 2000, Hollywood has been increasinglygentrifieddue to revitalization by private enterprise and public planners.[29][30][31]Over 1,200 hotel rooms have been added in Hollywood area between 2001 and 2016. Four thousand new apartments and over thirtylow to mid-risedevelopment projects were approved in 2019.[32]

Secession movement[edit]

The iconicHollywood SigninHollywood Hills

In 2002, some Hollywood voters began a campaign for the area to secede from Los Angeles and become a separate municipality. In June of that year, theLos Angeles County Board of Supervisorsplaced secession referendums for both Hollywood and theSan Fernando Valleyon the ballot. To pass, they required the approval of a majority of voters in the proposed new municipality as well as a majority of voters in all of Los Angeles. In the November election, both measures failed by wide margins in the citywide vote.[33]

Geography[edit]

According to theMapping L.A.project ofThe Los Angeles Times,Hollywood is flanked byHollywood Hillsto the north,Los Felizto the northeast,East Hollywoodor Virgil Village to the east,LarchmontandHancock Parkto the south,Fairfaxto the southwest,West Hollywoodto the west, andHollywood Hills Westto the northwest.[34]

Street limits of the Hollywood neighborhood are: north,Hollywood BoulevardfromLa Brea Avenueto the east boundary ofWattles Garden ParkandFranklin Avenuebetween Bonita and Western avenues; east,Western Avenue;south,Melrose Avenue,and west,La Brea Avenueor the West Hollywoodcity line.[35][36]

In 1918, H. J. Whitley commissioned architect A. S. Barnes to designWhitley Heightsas a Mediterranean-style village on the hills above Hollywood Boulevard. It became the first celebrity community.[37][38][39]

Other areas within Hollywood are Franklin Village,Little Armenia,Spaulding Square,Thai Town,[35]and Yucca Corridor.[40][41]

Failed trademarking attempt[edit]

In 1994,Hollywood, Alabama,and ten other towns named Hollywood successfully fought an attempt by the HollywoodChamber of Commerceto trademark the name and force same-named communities to pay royalties to it.[42]

Climate[edit]

Hollywood, California
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
3.5
68
48
3.8
68
49
3.2
69
51
0.9
72
53
0.3
73
57
0.1
77
60
0
82
63
0.1
83
64
0.4
82
62
0.4
78
58
1.2
72
52
2
67
48
█Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█Precipitation totals in inches
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
89
20
9
97
20
9
81
21
11
23
22
12
7.6
23
14
2.5
25
16
0
28
17
2.5
28
18
10
28
17
10
26
14
30
22
11
51
19
9
█Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█Precipitation totals in mm

Like the rest ofLos Angeles,Hollywood has ahot-summer Mediterranean climate(Köppen:Csa) or dry-summersubtropical climate.Winters are typically mild and with light rain, but there are still plenty of warm, sunny days in the winter, as well. Summers are hot, sunny and dry, with virtually no rain falling between April and October; while summer days can be warm, they are considerably cooler than in theSan Fernando Valley.[43]Spring and fall are generally warm, sunny, and pleasant.Santa Ana windstypically occur during the fall and winter months, although they can occur during any month; Santa Ana winds bring heavy winds, higher temperatures and lower humidity levels, which increases the risk ofwildfires,especially in dry years.Smogcan sometimes occur during the summer months. May and June can be foggy and cloudy in Hollywood, a phenomenon known by southern California residents as "May Gray" or "June Gloom".[44]

The all-time record high temperature in Hollywood is 112 °F (44 °C) on June 26, 1990, and the all-time record low temperature is 24 °F (−4 °C) on both December 8, 1978, and December 23, 1990.

Climate data for Hollywood, Los Angeles, California
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 91
(33) 		91
(33) 		94
(34) 		106
(41) 		102
(39) 		112
(44) 		107
(42) 		105
(41) 		110
(43) 		108
(42) 		100
(38) 		92
(33) 		112
(44)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 67.5
(19.7) 		67.8
(19.9) 		69.1
(20.6) 		71.7
(22.1) 		73.4
(23.0) 		76.8
(24.9) 		81.7
(27.6) 		83.2
(28.4) 		82.1
(27.8) 		77.7
(25.4) 		72.2
(22.3) 		67.1
(19.5) 		74.2
(23.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 48.1
(8.9) 		49.0
(9.4) 		50.7
(10.4) 		53.0
(11.7) 		56.6
(13.7) 		59.8
(15.4) 		63.3
(17.4) 		63.7
(17.6) 		62.4
(16.9) 		58.2
(14.6) 		52.1
(11.2) 		47.6
(8.7) 		55.4
(13.0)
Record low °F (°C) 28
(−2) 		34
(1) 		35
(2) 		37
(3) 		42
(6) 		49
(9) 		53
(12) 		51
(11) 		46
(8) 		40
(4) 		34
(1) 		24
(−4) 		24
(−4)
Averageprecipitationinches (mm) 3.47
(88) 		3.81
(97) 		3.24
(82) 		0.85
(22) 		0.31
(7.9) 		0.07
(1.8) 		0.02
(0.51) 		0.14
(3.6) 		0.35
(8.9) 		0.39
(9.9) 		1.16
(29) 		1.98
(50) 		15.80
(401)
Source:[45][46][47][48]

Demographics[edit]

TheFour Ladies of Hollywoodsculpture onHollywood Boulevardin 2018

The2000 U.S. censuscounted 77,818 residents in the 3.51-square-mile (9.1 km2) Hollywood neighborhood—an average of 22,193 people per square mile (8,569 people/km2), the seventh-densestneighborhood in all ofLos Angeles County.In 2008 the city estimated that the population had increased to 85,489. The median age for residents was 31, about the city's average.[35]

Hollywood was said to be "highly diverse" when compared to the city at large. The ethnic breakdown in 2000 was 42.2%Latino or Hispanic,41%Non-Hispanic White,7.1%Asian,5.2%black,and 4.5% other.[35]Mexico (21.3%) and Guatemala (13%) were the most common places of birth for the 53.8% of the residents who were born abroad, a figure that was considered high for the city as a whole.[35]

The median household income in 2008 was $33,694, considered low for Los Angeles. The average household size of 2.1 people was also lower than the city norm. Renters occupied 92.4% of the housing units, and home- or apartment owners the rest.[35]

The percentages of never-married men (55.1%), never-married women (39.8%) and widows (9.6%) were among the county's highest. There were 2,640 families headed by single parents, about average for Los Angeles.[35]

In 2000, there were 2,828 military veterans, or 4.5%, a low rate for the city as a whole.[35]

These were the ten neighborhoods or cities in Los Angeles County with the highest population densities, according to the 2000 census, with the population per square mile:[49]

  1. Koreatown, Los Angeles,42,611
  2. Westlake, Los Angeles,38,214
  3. East Hollywood, Los Angeles,31,095
  4. Pico-Union, Los Angeles,25,352
  5. Maywood, California,23,638
  6. Harvard Heights, Los Angeles,23,473
  7. Hollywood, Los Angeles,22,193
  8. Walnut Park, California,22,028
  9. Palms, Los Angeles,21,870
  10. Adams-Normandie, Los Angeles,21,848

Homelessness[edit]

In 2022, there were 1,374 homeless individuals in Hollywood.[50]

Radio and television[edit]

KNXwas the last radio station to broadcast from Hollywood before it leftCBS Columbia Squarefor a studio in theMiracle Milein 2005.[51]

On January 22, 1947, the first commercial television station west of theMississippi River,KTLA,began operating in Hollywood. In December of that year,The Public Prosecutorbecame the first network television series to be filmed in Hollywood. Television stationsKTLAandKCET,both on Sunset Boulevard, are the last broadcasters (television or radio) with Hollywood addresses, but KCET has since sold its studios to theChurch of Scientologyon Sunset, and plans to move to another location.[citation needed]KNBCmoved in 1962 from the formerNBC Radio City Studiosat the northeast corner of Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street toNBC Studiosin Burbank.KTTVmoved in 1996 from its former home atMetromedia Squareon Sunset Boulevard to West Los Angeles, andKCOPleft its home on La Brea Avenue to join KTTV at the modern-day Fox Television Center.KCBS-TVandKCAL-TVmoved from their longtime home atCBS Columbia Squareon Sunset Boulevard to a new facility atCBS Studio CenterinStudio City.

Government[edit]

The Hollywood Post Office building in 2015
Hollywood Fire Station 27 in 2010
Hollywood High Schoolin 2008

As a neighborhood within theLos Angelescity limits, Hollywood does not have its own municipal government. A person was appointed by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce to serve as an honorary "Mayor of Hollywood"for ceremonial purposes.Johnny Grantheld this position from 1980 until his death on January 9, 2008.[52]

Emergency services[edit]

TheLos Angeles Police Departmentis responsible for police services. The Hollywood police station is at 1358 N. Wilcox Avenue.

Los Angeles Fire Departmentoperates four fire stations, 27, 41, 52, and 82 in the area.

TheLos Angeles County Department of Health Servicesoperates the Hollywood-Wilshire Health Center in Hollywood.[53]

Post office[edit]

TheUnited States Postal Serviceoperates the Hollywood Post Office,[54]the Hollywood Pavilion Post Office,[55]and the Sunset Post Office.[56]

Neighborhood councils[edit]

Hollywood is included within the Hollywood United Neighborhood Council (HUNC),[57]Hollywood Hills West Neighborhood Council,[58][59]and the Hollywood Studio District Neighborhood Council.[60][61]Neighborhood Councils cast advisory votes on such issues as zoning, planning, and other community issues. The council members are voted in by stakeholders, generally defined as anyone living, working, owning property, or belonging to an organization within the boundaries of the council.[62]

Education[edit]

Blessed Sacrament Catholic School

Hollywood residents aged 25 and older holding a four-year degree amounted to 28% of the population in 2000, about the same as in the county at large.[35]

Public libraries[edit]

The Will and Ariel Durant Branch, John C. Fremont Branch, and the Frances Howard Goldwyn – Hollywood Regional Branch of theLos Angeles Public Libraryare in Hollywood.

Schools[edit]

Public schools are operated by theLos Angeles Unified School District(LAUSD).

Schools in Hollywood include:

  • Temple Israel of HollywoodDay School, private, 7300 Hollywood Boulevard
  • Gardner Street Elementary School,LAUSD,7450 Hawthorne Avenue
  • Selma Avenue Elementary School, LAUSD, 6611 Selma Avenue
  • Grant Elementary School, 1530 North Wilton Place
  • Young Hollywood, private elementary, 1547 North McCadden Place
  • Hollywood High School,LAUSD, 1521 North Highland Avenue[63]
  • Hollywood Community Adult School, LAUSD, 1521 North Highland Avenue
  • Blessed SacramentSchool, private elementary, 6641 Sunset Boulevard
  • Helen Bernstein High School,LAUSD, 1309 North Wilton Place
  • Richard A. Alonzo Community Day School, LAUSD, 5755 Fountain Avenue
  • Beverly Hills RC School, private elementary, 6550 Fountain Avenue
  • Hollywood Schoolhouse, private elementary, 1233 North McCadden Place
  • Joseph LeConteMiddle School, LAUSD, 1316 North Bronson Avenue
  • Hollywood Primary Center, LAUSD elementary, 1115 Tamarind Avenue
  • Santa Monica Boulevard Community Charter School, 1022 North Van Ness Avenue
  • Vine Street Elementary School, LAUSD, 955 North Vine Street
  • Hubert Howe Bancroft Middle School, LAUSD, 929 North Las Palmas Avenue
  • Larchmont Charter School,elementary, 815 North El Centro Avenue
  • Cheder Menachem, private elementary, 1606 South La Cienega Boulevard

Colleges[edit]

Notable places[edit]

Victor Rossetti House, aSpanish Revival styleestate built in 1928 by architectPaul R. Williams

Annual events[edit]

TheAcademy Awardsare held in late February/early March (since 2004) of each year, honoring the preceding year in film. Prior to 2004, they were held in late March/early April. Since 2002, the Oscars have been held at their new home at theDolby Theatre (formerly Kodak Theatre)at Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue.

The annualHollywood Christmas Parade:The 2006 parade on Nov 26 was the 75th edition of the Christmas Parade. The parade goes downHollywood Boulevardand is broadcast in the Los Angeles area onKTLA,and around the United States on Tribune-owned stations and theWGNsuperstation.[64]

TheHollywood Half Marathontakes place in April (since 2012) of each year, to raise funds and awareness for local youth homeless shelters. The event includes a Half Marathon, 10K, 5K, and Kids Fun Run along Hollywood Blvd.

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toHollywood.
Wikiquote has quotations related toHollywood, Los Angeles.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forHollywood.

References[edit]

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