Hoxhaism
| Part ofa serieson |
| Marxism–Leninism |
|---|
 |
| Part ofa serieson |
| Stalinism |
|---|
 |
Hoxhaism(/ˈhɒdʒə.ɪzəm/HOJ-ə-iz-əm) is a variant ofanti-revisionistMarxism–Leninismthat developed in the late 1970s due to a split in the anti-revisionist movement, appearing after theideological disputebetween theChinese Communist Partyand theParty of Labour of Albaniain 1978.[1]The ideology is named afterEnver Hoxha,First Secretaryof theParty of Labourfrom 1941 to 1985 and leader ofAlbaniafrom 1944 to 1985.
The term Hoxhaism is rarely employed by the organizations which are associated with this trend, with Hoxhaists viewing Hoxha's theoretical contributions to Marxism as strictly an augmentation of anti-revisionism rather than a distinct ideology. Hoxhaists typically identify themselves with Marxism–Leninism or Stalinism.[2]
Overview
[edit] |
Hoxhaism demarcates itself by a strict defense of the legacy ofJoseph Stalin,the organization of theSoviet UnionunderStalinism,[3]and fierce criticism of virtually all other communist groupings asrevisionist—it defined currents such asEurocommunismasanti-communist movements.[4]
Critical of theUnited States,theSoviet Union,China,andYugoslavia,Enver Hoxha labeled the latter three "social imperialist"and condemned theWarsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakiain 1968, before withdrawing Albania from theWarsaw Pactin response.[5]Hoxhaism asserts the right of nations to pursuesocialismby different paths, dictated by the conditions in those countries,[6]although Hoxha personally held the view thatTitoismwas "anti-Marxist" in overall practice.[7][8]
Following thefallof thePeople's Socialist Republic of Albaniain 1991, many Hoxhaist parties grouped themselves around aninternational conferencefounded in 1994 and the publicationUnity and Struggle.[9]
See also
[edit]- Enver Hoxha
- International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)
- Juche
- Party of Labour of Albania
- People's Socialist Republic of Albania
- Sino-Albanian split
References
[edit]- ^Communism for Know-It-Alls.Filiquarian Publishing, LLC. 2008. p. 23.
- ^"Revolutionary Spirit: The Marxist-Leninist Guide to Leftist Factions".Revolutionary Spirit.2010-02-27.Retrieved2023-01-08.
- ^Pridham, Geoffrey (2000).The Dynamics of Democratization: A Comparative Approach.Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 70.ISBN9780826450388.
- ^Hoxha, Enver(August 1979)."The Marxist-Leninist Movement and the World Crisis of Capitalism".Institute of Marxist-Leninist Studies at the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania.
- ^Hoxha, Enver(1978). "I: The strategy of imperialism and modern revisionism".Imperialism and the Revolution.Tirana, Albania.
{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^"A Brief Guide to Hoxhaism".The Red Star Vanguard. 11 June 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 25 May 2014.Retrieved23 May2014.
- ^Hoxha, Enver."Enver Hoxha: Eurocommunism is Anticommunism".Archivedfrom the original on 23 May 2014.Retrieved23 May2014.
- ^Hoxha, Enver(1960)."Reject the Revisionist Theses of the XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Anti-Marxist Stand of Krushchev's Group! Uphold Marxism-Leninism!".Naim Frasheri Publishing House.
- ^"Communist Declaration to the Workers of the World".revolutionarydemocracy.org.Retrieved2023-01-24.