Huang Yongsheng
Huang Yongsheng | |
|---|---|
 Huang Yongsheng in 1955 | |
| Native name | Hoàng vĩnh thắng |
| Born | November 17, 1910 Xianning,Hubei,Qing China |
| Died | April 26, 1983 (aged 72) Qingdao,Shandong,People's Republic of China |
| Allegiance |  People's Republic of China |
| Service/ |  People's Liberation Army |
| Years of service | 1927–1971 |
| Rank | General (1955) |
| Unit | First Corps, Chinese Red Army |
| Commands | 31st Division of the 11th Red Army, 16th Division of the 22nd Red Army, |
| Battles/wars | Autumn Harvest Uprising,Long March,Second Sino-Japanese War,Campaign to Defend Siping,Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northeast China,Lin gian g Campaign,Siping Campaign,Summer Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China,Autumn Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China,Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China,Gongzhutun Campaign,Siege of Changchun,Liaoshen Campaign,Pingjin Campaign,Korean War |
| Awards |
|
Huang Yongsheng(simplified Chinese:Hoàng vĩnh thắng;traditional Chinese:Hoàng vĩnh thắng;pinyin:Huáng Yǒngshèng;1910–1983) was a general of theChina'sPeople's Liberation Army.In 1955 Huang was awarded the position ofShang Jiang(colonel-general), and Huang continued to rise throughout the 1950s and 1960s, eventually becoming Lin Biao's Chief-of-staff during theCultural Revolution.Because of Huang's close associations withLin Biao,Huang was purged following Lin's death in 1971.
Biography
[edit]Early years
[edit]Huang Yongsheng was born inXianningprefecture (now,prefecture-level city) ofHubeiprovince.
Huang Yongsheng participated in theAutumn Harvest Uprisingof 1927, and in December of the same year joined theChinese Communist Party.In 1932, he was appointed the commander of the 31st Division of the 11th Red Army, and later to the 16th Division of the 22nd Red Army. During thewar against Japan,he was appointed a regimental commander in the 115th Division of theEighth Route Army.
In 1948, Huang was appointed the commander of the 6th Column of theFourth Field Army.Later in 1948 the 6th Column merged with other units into the 43rd Army, and Huang Yongsheng was appointed its commander. In 1949, he was commanding the 14th and 13th Army Groups.
People's Republic of China
[edit]After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Huang commanded the 13th Army Group, and later the 15th Army Group.
During theKorean War,Huang commanded the 13th Army Group, and later the 15th Army Group.[1]
Cultural Revolution
[edit]During theCultural Revolution,Huang Yongsheng commanded theGuangzhou Military Region,and was responsible for theGuangxi Massacreand theGuangdong Massacre.[2][3]It was reported much later that during thepro-communist riotsin Hong Kong in 1967, he suggested invading and occupying the British colony; his plan, however, was vetoed byZhou Enlai.[4]As a Chief of Staff of the PLA, in 1969, he was put in charge of building the tunnel system to house the PLA command headquarters in case of nuclear war, known asUnderground Project 131.The chosen site for the facility was in his home prefecture ofXianning.
During theCultural Revolution,Huang became an ally of China's defense minister and vice-chairman,Lin Biao,eventually serving as Lin's chief-of-staff. In the summer of 1971, immediately preceding Lin's death, Huang issued a strongly-worded statement condemning Zhou Enlai's plan to seek a closer relationship with the United States. Huang attempted to rationalize his position by stating that the United States was a declining capitalist power, and would be especially dangerous in this condition.[5]
Huang lost his position following Lin Biao's death. He was arrested on September 24, 1971 - two weeks after Lin Biao'salleged plot to assassinate Mao.After the arrest, even his family did not know what was happening to him, until he was put on trial in 1980 and given a prison sentence.[6]
Huang's involvement in the plot to assassinate Mao Zedong was implied (though not directly stated) by the confession of Li Weixin (the only one of Lin's plotters to have survived 1971). At his trial in 1980, the government of China agreed that Huang did not know anything aboutLin Liguo's plans to assassinate Mao, or of Lin's flight from China.[7]
Death
[edit]In 1983, Huang died inQingdao,China. Huang's grave is located on theProject 131 site,which is now a museum.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Chinese Military Leaders During the Korean War: General Huang Yongsheng
- ^Yan, Lebin.Ta tham dự xử lý Quảng Tây văn cách di lưu vấn đề(in Chinese). Viêm Hoàng xuân thu. Archived fromthe originalon 2020-06-25.Retrieved2019-11-29.
- ^Su, Yang (2011-02-21).Collective Killings in Rural China during the Cultural Revolution.Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-1-139-49246-1.
- ^"Revealed: the Hong Kong invasion plan",by Michael Sheridan. From TheSunday Times,June 24, 2007
- ^Ross, Robert S."From Lin Biao to Deng Xiaoping: Elite Instability and China's U. S. Policy".The China Quarterly.No.118. June 1989. pp. 265–299. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved November 12, 2011. p.269.
- ^The Culture of Power: The Lin Biao Incident in the Cultural Revolution By Qiu Jin, Jin Qiu. Published by Stanford University Press, 1999.ISBN0-8047-3529-8.Partially availableon Google Books
- ^Uhalley Jr., Stephen, and Qiu Jin."The Lin Biao Incident: More Than Twenty Years Later".Pacific Affairs.Vol.66, No. 3, Autumn, 1993. pp.386-398. Retrieved December 16, 2011. p. 392
External links
[edit]- 1910 births
- 1983 deaths
- Politicians from Xianning
- People's Liberation Army generals from Hubei
- Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hubei
- People's Republic of China politicians from Hubei
- Political office-holders in Guangdong
- People's Liberation Army Chiefs of General Staff
- Commanders of the Guangzhou Military Region
- Members of the 9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
- People's Liberation Army generals convicted of crimes