Jump to content

Hurricane Daniel (2006)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hurricane Daniel
Hurricane Daniel near peak intensity on July 21
Meteorological history
FormedJuly 16, 2006
Remnant lowJuly 26, 2006
DissipatedJuly 28, 2006
Category 4 major hurricane
1-minute sustained(SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds150 mph (240 km/h)
Lowest pressure933mbar(hPa); 27.55inHg
Overall effects
FatalitiesNone reported
DamageMinimal
Areas affectedHawaii
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata/[1]
Part of the2006 Pacific hurricane season

Hurricane Danielwas the second strongesthurricaneof the2006 Pacific hurricane season.The storm affectedHawaiilate in its lifetime, causing moderate rainfall and minor damage. The fourthnamed storm,third hurricane, and second major hurricane of the season, Daniel originated on July 16 from atropical waveoff the coast of Mexico. It tracked westward, intensifying steadily to reach peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) on July 22. At the time, the characteristics of the cyclone resembled those of anannular hurricane.Daniel gradually weakened as it entered an area of coolerwater temperaturesand increasedwind shear,and after crossing into the Central Pacific Ocean, it quickly degenerated into aremnant lowon July 26, before dissipating two days later.

Initial predictions suggested that the cyclone would pass through theHawaiian Islandsas a tropical storm; however, Daniel's remnants dissipated southeast ofHawaii.The storm brought light to moderate precipitation to theIsland of HawaiiandMaui,causing minor flooding, although no major damage or fatalities were reported.

Meteorological history[edit]

The track of a hurricane starts near the western coast of Mexico and heads westward, ultimately ending near Hawaii.
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Storm type
triangleExtratropical cyclone,remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Hurricane Daniel began as atropical wavethat moved off the west coast of Africa on July 2. The wave moved across the Atlantic Ocean andCaribbean Seawith little associatedconvection,and on July 12, it crossedCentral Americainto the eastern Pacific Ocean. Convection increased on July 13, and two days later the system began to exhibit signs of tropical development to the south of Mexico.[1]It tracked westward at about 15 mph (25 km/h), and on July 16, the disturbance became better organized.[2]With convectiverainbandsnear an associated low-level circulation,[3]it is estimated the tropical wave spawned a tropical depression late on July 16. At the time, it was located about 525 miles (845 km) south-southwest ofManzanillo, Colima.[1]

Classified as Tropical Depression Five-E, the system tracked westward under the steering currents of a mid-levelridge.[3]In the hours after formation, the depression lacked a concentration of deep convection near the center. Conditions favoreddevelopment,including warmsea surface temperatures,very low amounts ofwind shear,and an establishedanticycloneover the cyclone.[4]Convection became more centralized, coinciding with the improvement of upper-leveloutflow.Based onDvorak classifications,it is estimated that the cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Daniel at 12:00UTCon July 17.[5]Daniel quickly became better organized, exhibiting increasedthunderstormactivity andbanding features.[6]Acentral dense overcastdeveloped, and a well-defined rainband wrapped around the center of circulation.[7]Based on the formation of aneye feature,[8]theNational Hurricane Centerupgraded Daniel to hurricane status late on July 18 while it was located about 885 miles (1420 km) south-southwest ofCabo San Lucas.[1]

Satellite animation of a small, well-defined hurricane over open waters of the Pacific.
Satellite loop of Hurricane Daniel near peak intensity.

On July 19, the eye of Daniel became apparent on satellite imagery,[9]which organized into apinhole eye.[10]It underwent aneyewall replacement cycleas it turned to the west-northwest, temporarily halting its intensification trend, before quickly strengthening and attainingmajor hurricane statuson July 20.[1]Later that day, Hurricane Daniel organized into a very symmetric cyclone with a distinct eye about 30 miles (45 km) in diameter. Upon attaining Category 4 status on theSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale,the cyclone resembled the appearance of anannular hurricane;[11]an annular hurricane is one with a large and symmetric eye, surrounded by a thick ring of intense convection, and usually is able to maintain its intensity and structure for several days.[12]On July 21 the hurricane underwent another eyewall replacement cycle. After completing the cycle, Daniel attained its peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) early on July 22. It maintained peak winds for about 18 hours, and Daniel began a weakening trend as it crossed into an area of progressively cooler water temperatures.[1]The eye became more distinct on July 23,[13]before the cloud tops again warmed as the winds decreased.[14]

The hurricane crossed into the area of forecast responsibility of theCentral Pacific Hurricane Centeron July 24,[1]and upon doing so, its eye disappeared from satellite imagery. Daniel was forecast to track through theHawaiian Islandsas a tropical storm as water temperatures near the islands were warmer,[15]and wind shear was expected to be minimal.[16]However, it decelerated as the ridge to its north weakened, and due to the combination of cool waters and increasing easterly shear, Daniel weakened to a tropical storm on July 25.[1]Later that day, no active convection remained near the exposed circulation center, and early on July 26, it weakened to tropical depression status. Thunderstorm activity failed to redevelop, and Daniel degenerated into a remnantlow-pressure areaby 00:00UTCon July 27. The remnant low continued west-northwestward, dissipating just southeast of theBig Islandof Hawaii on July 28.[16]

Preparations and impact[edit]

Satellite image of a disorganized area of clouds approaching the Hawaiian islands.
Satellite image of the remnants of Daniel near Hawaii on July 28.

When Hurricane Daniel was forecast to pass through the Hawaiian islands as a tropical storm, state andHawaii Countyofficials recommended residents prepare hurricane kits. They also suggested purchasing non-perishable foods and batteries. Initially, the storm was several days away from potentially affecting the state, and as a result, few residents rushed to prepare.[17]The HonoluluNational Weather Serviceissued a high surf advisory for east facing beaches in Hawaii, and warned beachgoers to remain out of the water.[18]The National Weather Service issued aflash floodwatch and wind advisory in association with the remnants of Daniel.[19]

The remnants produced 2–5 inches (50–125 mm) of rainfall throughout windward areas of theBig Islandof Hawaii andMauion July 28 and 29.[16]West Wailuaiki on Maui recorded 3.87 inches (98.3 mm) in one day, which was the highest daily rainfall total from the hurricane.[20]The storm also dropped precipitation on the East Mauiwatershed.[21]The rainfall particularly inKailua-Konaon the Big Island causedpondingon roadways, as well as flooding of small streams. However, no injuries or serious damage were reported.[22]A station inKa Laebriefly reported sustained winds of about 35 mph (56 km/h) with gusts to 45 mph (72 km/h).[16]

During the 61st Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, the Hawaii State Civil Defense requested theretirementof the nameDaniel,citing that it became one of the several storms memorable for threat or damage.[23]However, theWorld Meteorological Organizationdid not approve the request.[24]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^abcdefghJack Beven (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Tropical Cyclone Report"(PDF).National Hurricane Center.RetrievedJuly 18,2007.
  2. ^Stewart & Rhome (2006)."July 16 Tropical Weather Outlook".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedJune 15,2018.
  3. ^abBeven (2006)."Tropical Depression Five-E Discussion One".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedJuly 29,2007.
  4. ^Pasch (2006)."Tropical Depression Five-E Discussion Two".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedJuly 29,2007.
  5. ^Stewart (2006)."Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Three".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedJuly 29,2007.
  6. ^Mainelli & Avila (2006)."Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Five".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedJuly 29,2007.
  7. ^Pasch (2006)."Tropical Storm Daniel Discussion Six".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedJuly 29,2007.
  8. ^Rhome & Stewart (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Eight".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedJuly 29,2007.
  9. ^Stewart and Brown (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Eleven".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedDecember 28,2007.
  10. ^Stewart and Brown (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Twelve".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedDecember 28,2007.
  11. ^Brown (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Sixteen".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedDecember 28,2007.
  12. ^Knaff, John A.; J.P. Kossin; M. DeMaria (April 2003)."Annular Hurricanes"(PDF).Weather and Forecasting.18(2).American Meteorological Society:204–223.Bibcode:2003WtFor..18..204K.doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<0204:AH>2.0.CO;2.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on January 8, 2007.RetrievedFebruary 28,2009.
  13. ^Brown & Stewart (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Twenty-Seven".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedDecember 28,2007.
  14. ^Brown & Stewart (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Twenty-Eight".National Hurricane Center.RetrievedDecember 28,2007.
  15. ^Houston (2006)."Hurricane Daniel Discussion Thirty-One".Central Pacific Hurricane Center.Archived fromthe originalon May 18, 2011.RetrievedDecember 28,2007.
  16. ^abcd"Overview of the 2006 Central North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season".Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 2006. Archived fromthe originalon January 3, 2008.RetrievedDecember 28,2007.
  17. ^Rod Thomson (July 25, 2006)."Weakening Hurricane Daniel still a concern for Big Isle".Honolulu Star-Bulletin.RetrievedDecember 29,2007.
  18. ^"Hurricane Season 2006: Daniel (Eastern Pacific)".National Aeronautics and Space Administration.2006.RetrievedDecember 29,2007.
  19. ^Honolulu National Weather Service (2006)."July 2006 Tropical Weather Statements".Archived fromthe original(TXT)on February 9, 2012.RetrievedDecember 29,2007.
  20. ^Kevin R. Kodama (2006)."July 2006 Hawaii Precipitation Summary".Honolulu National Weather Service. Archived fromthe originalon September 29, 2006.RetrievedDecember 29,2007.
  21. ^Edwin Tanji (July 29, 2006). "Trades dissipate remnants of Daniel".Maui News.
  22. ^"Event Report for Hawaii".National Climatic Data Center.2006. Archived fromthe originalon May 20, 2011.RetrievedDecember 29,2007.
  23. ^"The Nation's Hurricane Program: An Interagency Success Story"(PDF).Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference. 2007. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on March 3, 2009.RetrievedDecember 29,2007.
  24. ^Dennis H. McCarthy (2007)."National Weather Service Instruction Tropical Cyclone Names and Pronunciation Guide"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on September 10, 2008.RetrievedDecember 29,2007.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Daniel_(2006)&oldid=1175398032"