Husayniyya
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Ahusayniyya(Arabic:حسينية) is a congregation hall forTwelverShia Muslimcommemoration ceremonies, especially those associated with theMourning of Muharram.[1]Husayniyya is a multipurpose hall for the mourning of Muharram and other commemoration rituals of Shia that gets its name fromHusayn ibn Ali,the grandson of Muhammad.[2]
Terminology
[edit]| Ḥosayniya | |
|---|---|
 Hussainia in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | |
| Arabic | حسينية(ḥusayniyya) مأتم(ma'tam) |
| Hindi | इमामबाड़ा(imāmbāṛā) आशुरख़ाना(āshurkhānā) |
| Bengali | ইমামবাড়া(imambaṛa) |
| Persian | حسینیه(ḥoseyniye)
تکیه(takyeh) تکیه خانہ(takyaxānā) |
| Urdu | امام باڑہ(imāmbāṛā) امام بارگاہ(imāmbārgāh) عاشور خانہ(āshurxānā) حسينيہ(huseyniya) |
A husayniyya is different from amosque.The name comes fromHusayn ibn Ali,the third ofthe Twelve Imamsand the grandson of the Islamic prophetMuhammad.Husayn was martyred at theBattle of Karbalaon 10 October 680 CE during the reign ofUbayd Allah ibn Ziyad.The Shia commemorate hismartyrdomevery year onAshura,the 10th day ofMuharram.[3]There are also other ceremonies which are held during the year in husayniyyas, including religious commemorations unrelated to Ashura.[4]and may not necessarily holdjumu'ah(Friday congregational prayer).
InSouth Asia,a husayniyya can also be referred to as animambara,imambargah,orashurkhana.It is also often called atakyehinIranandtakyakhanainAfghanistan(seetakya). InBahrainand theUnited Arab Emirates,as well as in other Gulf States it is called ama'tam(Arabic:مأتم).
History
[edit]From the time of theSafavid dynastywas rulingIran,when Shia tended to hold the religious and mourning ceremonies, not only the passageways or the roofed places were used for the religious communities, even to make the hoseyniyehs and alsotakyehsbecame commonplace.[5]Any hoseyniyeh had some booths (or rooms) and arcades, both in large and small sizes. Also in many alleys and streets, on the days near Ashoura, the religious people blackened the walls and the roofs and illuminated them, by the colorful lights... From the age ofZand dynasty,many bigger and vaster takyeh(s) was made just to holdta'zieh,where there was a stage by the height of one meter from the floor, to show the different senses of ta'zieh.[6]Expense of the husayniyya is provided by Charitable donations and endowments.[7][8]
Usage
[edit]Hussainiya was used duringMuharram,Safar,andRamadanfor mourning,Rawda Khwani,Sineh Zani (a Customary form of mourning ceremony which shows their grief with chest-beating).[9]Also, Hussainiya is a place for accommodations of passengers[10]and pilgrims and feeding the poor.[1] Since husayniyya serves as a focal point for Shi’i gathering, it also plays a very significant role in consolidation of religious identity specially for Shi’i population in diaspora.[11]
Notable husayniyyas
[edit]
- Hosseinieh Azam Zanjan Mosque,inZanjan, Iran
- Azakhana Syed Dost Ali, Mohallah Katkoi, Amroha, built in 1766/1767
- Hussaini Dalan,inDhaka,Bangladesh
- Prithimpasha Nawab Bari Imambara,inKulaura,Bangladesh
- Bara Imambara,inLucknow,India
- Chhota Imambara,in Lucknow, India
- Hooghly Imambara,inHooghly(W.B.), India
- Nizamat Imambara,inMurshidabad,India
- Badshahi Ashurkhana,inHyderabad, India
- Dar uz Zehra,Alipur,Karnataka,India.
- Hosseiniyeh Ershad,inTehran,Iran
- Hussaini Imambara Asim Raza Abdi,in100/46, Colonel Ganj Kanpur,
- Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab,in Lucknow, India
- Imambargah Mir Vilayat Husain,inKarari Allahabad,India
- Azakhana Wazeer-un-Nisa, located inAmroha,India.The Azakhana was built in 1802 (1226 Hijri) with oneMosque.
- Imambargah Haveli Sa'daat, one of the oldest Imambargahs inGujranwala,Pakistan.It was built by theNaqviSadat family, who migrated fromFatehgarh Churian,Punjab,India.
- Imambargah Bait Aal e Imran, inKotla Arab Ali Khan,Gujrat,Pakistan. The site was donated by Choudhary Ghulam Hassan, a sunni by birth, and his wife in 1979.
- Imam Bargah mosque,Afghanistan, targeted in the2021 Kandahar bombing
See also
[edit]- Ashura
- Mourning of Muharram
- Battle of Karbala
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Hussaini Dalan
- Tasu'a
- Imambaras of Lucknow
- Rawda Khwani
References
[edit]- ^abJuan Eduardo Campo (1 January 2009).Encyclopedia of Islam.Infobase Publishing. pp. 318–.ISBN978-1-4381-2696-8.
- ^Marafi, Najebah (29 September 2012).The Intertwined Conflict: The Difference Between Culture and Religion.Xlibris Corporation.ISBN978-1477128367.
- ^"Husayniyya"atEncyclopædia Iranica
- ^Hussainiahs and Takkiahsmashreghnews.ir
- ^Zoka, Yahya.History of Royal Citadel in Tehran and guide to Golestan Palace, (تاریخچه ساختمانهای ارگ سلطنتی تهران و راهنمای کاخ گلستان), vol 1.p. 283.
- ^The Iranian social history, (تاریخ اجتماعی ایران) written in Persian, V 5, P 340
- ^Ansari Qomi.Iran's endowments in Iraq, ( موقوفات ايرانيان در عراق), vol 2.pp. 74–82.
- ^Ebrahimnegad Shirvani, Pourabbas, Mahbubeh-sadat, Ata (12 April 2017)."The Role of Ashura rituals and post-Ashura days in spiritual health through promoting religious-oriented normal behavior: A practical model".Journal of Pizhūhish Dar Dīn Va Salāmat.3(2): 115–122.
{{cite journal}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^"Tekyeh & Hussainiya".persiaadvisor.
- ^Kaempfer, Engelbert (2018).Exotic Attractions in Persia, 1684-1688: Travels & Observations.Mage Publishers; 1st Hardcover edition (April 3, 2018).ISBN978-1933823911.
- ^Vermon James Schubel (1996). “Karbala as Sacred Space among North American Shi'a” in Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, edited by Barbara Metcalf, 186-203. Berkeley: University of California Press.
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