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Inducks

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I.N.D.U.C.K.S.
Type of site
Comics database
Available inDanish,Dutch,English,Finnish,French,German,Greek,Italian,Norwegian,Polish,Portuguese,Russian,Spanish andSwedish
OwnerCollective
Created byHarry Fluks
URLInducks.org
Commercialno
RegistrationOptional
Launched1994

TheInternational Network of Disney Universe Comic Knowers and Sources[1](I.N.D.U.C.K.S.) orInducksis a freely available database aiming to index allDisney Universe comicsever printed in the world, created and maintained by both amateurs and professionals.[2]It is an internationalproject[3]which provides indexes of around 170,000 Disney comic publications worldwide.[4]It is distributed with its ownlicence.[5]

Origin

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Efforts to catalog Disney comic stories on a large scale date from the late 1970s and early 1980s. Among the most important works are an index of Disney comics published in Denmark,[6]a list of stories produced in Italy,[7]a list of American daily strips and Sunday pages,[8]an index of AmericanDellDisney comics[9]and aCarl Barksindex.[10]All these lists include artists and writer credits that were previously unknown.

In August 1992, Per Starbäck (from Sweden) created theDisney Comics Mailing List.[11]Members soon contributed lists of Disney comics and gave references for printed indexes. In May 1994, expanding on information exchanged on the mailing list, Harry Fluks (from theNetherlands) created a database to organize comic indexes, and called it theDisney Comics Database.[12]

In 1999, a German member suggested the nameInducksas a cross between "index" and "duck"(forDonald Duck). It was playfully writtenI.N.D.U.C.K.S.toresemble acronymsseen inJunior Woodchuckscomics.[13]Several meanings have been proposed, including "Internet Database forUncle Walt's Comics and Stories "," International Network for Disney Universal Comic Knowledge and Sources ",[14]up to 2008 whenInternational Network of Disney-Universe Comic Knowers and Sourceswas selected.[1]

Over the years, a Web search interface was introduced, later replaced by a second search engine, COA,[1][15]in 2001.

Data details

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The Inducks database listspublications,stories,charactersand creators which are cross-referenced. Each story is given a unique "storycode"[16]so that reprints (often from all over the world) may be found for any story. A large number of Disney comics publications are indexed for the following countries: Australia,Brazil,Denmark, Italy,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,theNetherlands,Norway,Poland,Spain, Sweden and United States. Among countries with a significant Disney comics tradition, indexes for Mexico, United Kingdom and (ex-)Yugoslaviaare still very incomplete.[17]

Inducks integrates previous studies and research works, with permission of the authors,[18]as well as its own research. Thanks to contacts with creators,[19]it provides credits to anonymous (or wrongly-credited) stories. In particular, mostDisney comicswere not given credits until the 1980s or 1990s. It also contains information about unpublished Disney comics stories.[20]

The main interface to Inducks is asearch engine,browser and website abbreviated COA, which is daily updated based on Inducks data, and is available in thirteen languages. While COA uses Inducks data, it is not part of Inducks itself, but it enables users to navigate and search data which in its raw form consists of very user-unfriendly text files.[21]It has a few other features not part of Inducks, like a collection management system and an error tracker tool.[22]

Use as a source and in publications

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Although parts of the database have been published in book form[23]and in specialized journals,[24]Inducks is most often used as a source by comic book historians in articles devoted toDisney comics.[25]

Inducks is also used by Disney editors around the world.[2][26]It is mentioned as a source by scholars[27]and is referenced in books about comics in general.[28]It has once been criticized for being a catalog of data rather than true (semantic) inde xing work.[29]

Inducks sometimes gave talks and held meetings in comic-book fairs in Italy, such as inLuccain 1997 withDon RosaandMarco Rota[30]and inReggio Emiliain 2007[31]and 2008.[32]In 2004, it won an Internet award fromafNews,an association of Professional cartoonists in Italy.[33]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcFrom Inducks lectureheld at the 2008DDF(R)summer meetingin Aalborg, Denmark, July 2008.
  2. ^abIrene De Togni,The Inducks index, editorialized by Disney comics amateurs and professionals: New dynamics, new participatory models,Hybrid. Revue des arts et médiations humaines 8, 2022.https://doi.org/10.4000/hybrid.2145.
  3. ^As of January 2008, 26 contributors have provided more than 1,000 indexes, see the full list:The Inducks Disney Comics database: Indexers.
  4. ^As of July 30, 2024, see thestatistics at Inducks.
  5. ^H. Fluks, F. Stajano,Inducks Licence Version 4BArchived2011-07-09 at theWayback Machine(a kind of permissive, "copyleft""free "licence).
  6. ^Olsen, Martin (1979–1983), "Det Store Index",Carl Barks & Co.,no. 13–15, 17–18,ISSN0901-3555.(in Danish)
  7. ^Fossati, Franco (1982), "Disney made in Italy",IF 1 (2aSerie)(in Italian).
  8. ^Becattini, Alberto; Boschi, Luca (1984),La produzione sindacata (1930–1980)(in Italian), Al Fumetto Club.
  9. ^Becattini, Alberto (1990),Disney Index, Comic Books - Vol. 1 & 2,Al Fumetto Club
  10. ^Barrier, Michael (1982),Carl Barks and the art of the comic-book,M. Lilien,ISBN0-9607652-0-4(published earlier in a shorter form in the fanzineFunnyworldin the 1970s).
  11. ^Commonly called theDCML.
  12. ^Interviews of H. Fluks in the fanzinesAnkkalinnan Pamaus 2000-02(in Finnish)(online English versionArchived2011-07-09 at theWayback Machine), inDDF(R)appet 5,2004(in Danish)andon the Web site of the Danish Donaldist SocietyArchived2011-05-27 at theWayback Machine,2005.
  13. ^The word Inducks is a combination of Index and Ducks. Brix Lichtenberg came up with this name as a replacement for the (more boring) name Disney comics Database. He intended it to be an abbreviation (I.N.D.U.C.K.S.) like the ranks in the Junior Woodchuck stories, but we haven't figured out yet what it is supposed to mean...inAnkkalinnan Pamaus 2000-02Archived2011-07-09 at theWayback Machine.
  14. ^Fromthe BolderbastArchived2008-07-08 at theWayback Machine,an Inducks website.
  15. ^A precise time-frame is as follows (from messages in theDisney comics mailing list): Disney comics indexes were exchanged as early as 1992,e.g.,September 11; the first mention of theDisney comics database(DcD) is from April 18, 1994; its first public release is on May 25, 1994; the first mention of a web search program is from March 22, 1995; the first mention ofInducksis from February 9, 1999; the first mention of theCOAsearch engine on the Disney comics mailing list is from April 9, 2001 (see archived copyhere).
  16. ^Details atInducksArchived2011-07-09 at theWayback Machine.
  17. ^As of January 2008 - figures fromInducks.
  18. ^M. Barlotti,Da Fossati al'Inducks: il progetto I.N.D.U.C.K.S.,Notiziario della Anonima Fumetti, 1999(in Italian);a complete list is givenat InducksArchived2011-07-09 at theWayback Machine.
  19. ^The Brazilian "branch" of Inducks lists about30 authorswho provide information(in Portuguese);see also thebiographical noticeArchived2011-10-02 at theWayback Machineof comic writer Leonardo Gori(in Italian)or the"book work"Archived2007-12-22 at theWayback Machineof archivist and editorDavid Gerstein.
  20. ^As of January 2008, about 2,000 shelved stories arelisted.
  21. ^Technical detailsat InducksArchived2011-07-11 at theWayback Machine.
  22. ^Interview with the creator of COA,DDF(R)appet 10,2007(in Danish).
  23. ^A. Becattini, L. Gori, F. Stajano, H. Fluks,Don Rosa e il Rinascimento Disneyano,Comic Art, 1997(in Italian);Giorgio Cavazzano Percorsi,Firenze: Edizioni II Penny, 2002(in Italian);P. Castagno et al.,Luciano Bottaro - Un "gioviale" omaggio(2006),Rodolfo Cimino - Dalla Tana del Bestio all'Angolo dei Salici(2007),Abramo e Giampaolo Barosso Fra logaritmi e fiordalisi(2008), Papersera(in Italian).
  24. ^Lapoussière, Tristan; Willot, François (2001), "Carl Barks: Bibliographie",Backup(in French), no. 8;Angot, Michel; Willot, François (2000) [1996], "Les belles histoires Walt Disney",Le collectionneur de bandes dessinées(in French), no. 81, 91.
  25. ^E.g.Stajano, Francesco (1999–2001), "Disney-serier i Italien",NAFS(k)uriren(in Swedish), no. 30–32,ISSN0282-4493(revised English version); F. De Salvia,La via Italiana a TopolinoArchived2008-06-26 at theWayback Machine,Rivista di storia e storiografia 5, 2004(in Italian);T. Lapoussière,Phil DeLara,bibliographie en France et aux États-Unis,Backup 12, 2002(in French);F. Castanet,Romano Scarpa,Pimpf 13, 2006(in French);Willot, François (1999), "Giovan Battista Carpi",Le collectionneur de bandes dessinées(in French), no. 89.
  26. ^See e.g. Mickey Mouse And Friends 287;Roope-setä2006-02(in Finnish);I Maestri Disney 20(in Italian);interviewwith Sérgio Figueiredo,Abril's Disney editor(in Portuguese);the integral ofFloyd Gottfredsonpublished in by editorGlénat(in French).
  27. ^See e.g.D'Arcangelo, A, Zanettin, F (2004), "Dylan Dog Goes to the USA: a North-American Translation of an Italian Comic Book Series",International Journal of Comic Art,5(2), Akadémiai Kiadó: 187,doi:10.1556/Acr.5.2004.2.3{{citation}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link);Mahrt, N (2008),"A Comic Approach to Politics? Political Education via Comics",Journal of Social Science Education,7/8(2/1): 119
  28. ^J.-P. Gabilliet,Des comics et des hommes: Histoire culturelle des comic books aux Etats-Unis,2005,ISBN2-84274-309-1(in French);H. Matla,Stripcatalogus(9th ed.), 1998(in Dutch).
  29. ^S. Brügger, L. Peyraud, M. Schmid,Les images ne sont pas des mots,study presented to theHaute École de Gestion de Genève,2002(in French).
  30. ^Photosof the events
  31. ^News reportfrom the fair administration, 2007(in Italian).
  32. ^Videos and photographson thePaperserawebsite(in Italian).
  33. ^Linkat fumetti.org(in Italian).
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