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Ibagué

Coordinates:4°26′N75°14′W/ 4.433°N 75.233°W/4.433; -75.233
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Ibagué
Municipio
From the top:Panorama of Ibagué from the east, Ibagué's city hall, Governorate of Tolima,Ocobosflowered in front of the Cathedral of Ibague and Art Museum of Tolima.
Flag of Ibagué
Flag
Official seal of Ibagué
Seal
Nickname:
Ciudad musical de Colombia(Musical city of Colombia)[1]
Location of the city of Ibagué in Tolima.
Location of the city of Ibagué in Tolima.
Ibagué is located in Colombia
Ibagué
Ibagué
Location in Colombia
Coordinates:4°26′N75°14′W/ 4.433°N 75.233°W/4.433; -75.233
CountryColombia
RegionAndean Region
DepartmentDepartment of Tolima
Foundation14 October 1550(1550-10-14)
Government
• MayorJohana Aranda
Area
•Municipio1,498 km2(578 sq mi)
• Urban
47.96 km2(18.52 sq mi)
Elevation
1,285 m (4,216 ft)
Population
(2018)[2]
•Municipio529,635
•Urban
492,554
• Urban density10,000/km2(27,000/sq mi)
•Rural
37,081
Demonym(s)Ibaguereño, ibaguereña
Time zoneUTC-5(Eastern Time Zone)
Postal code
730001-730019
Area code57 + 8
Websiteibague.gov.co(in Spanish)

Ibagué(Spanish pronunciation:[iβaˈɣe]) (referred to asSan Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzasduring theSpanishperiod) is the capital ofTolima,one of the 32 departments that make up theRepublic of Colombia.[3]The city is located in the center of the country, on the central mountain range of the Colombian Andes, nearNevado del Tolima.It is one of the most populous cities in the country, with a population of 492,554 (according to the 2018 census), making it the eleventh most populous in Colombia,[2]and with a population of 529,625 in the municipality. It was founded on 14 October 1550, by the Spanish captain Andrés López de Galarza. The city of Ibagué is divided into 13 communes and the rural area has 17corregimientos.[4]As the capital of the department of Tolima the city hosts the Government ofTolima,the Departmental Assembly, and the Attorney General's Office. It is the main epicenter of political, economic,administrative,business, art, culture, and tourism activities in the area.

Ibagué one of three cities in the country chosen by the World Trade Center Association (WTCA) to build headquarters along withCali,[5]adding to the one existing inBogotá.The economy of Ibagué is based primarily on the industrial, tourism, and agricultural sectors, with its textile industry[6]being the third largest in Colombia.[7]According to "Doing Business" from the World Bank in Washington DC, Ibagué tops the ranking of the cities with greater ease of doing business and investment in the country afterManizales.[8]The city is also part of theColombian coffee growing axis.

The city is known as "The Musical Capital of Colombia and America", thanks to theConservatory of Tolima[9](one of the most prestigious and important in Colombia),[10]folklore festivities,[11]and its many monuments referring to music. The city's main educational institutions are theUniversity of Tolima,theUniversity of Ibagué,and the Conservatory of Tolima.

History

[edit]

Ibagué was founded by Andrés López de Galarza on 14 October 1550, as "Villa de San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas" ( "Town of Saint Boniface of Ibagué of the Valley of the Spears" ) in a nearby location where now lies the urban area of the neighboring municipality ofCajamarcaabout 42 km (26 miles) to the west of Ibagué's current whereabouts. The indigenousPijaoscommanded bycaciqueIbagué were not fond of Spaniards colonizing the area so the city was re-founded in its current location on 7 February 1551.[citation needed]

From April to December 1854, Ibagué was briefly the capital of theNew Granadafollowing a coup d'etat promoted by generalJosé María Melo.In 1908, when the department ofTolimawas created, Ibagué was designated as its capital. TheUniversity of Tolimawas founded in 1945, and was raised to state university status in 1954. The city is also the home of theRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Ibagué.

Geography

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Ibagué is located in the ColombianAndeanregion, in the center of the department of Tolima, surrounded by mountains on all sides with the exception of a plateau which extends to the east.

Volcanism

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Ibagué lies within theAndean Volcanic Belt.It has two active volcanoes in its immediate vicinity: theNevado del Tolima,28 km (17 mi) NW of the city, and theCerro Machín,17 km (11 mi) west of the city center but still within the Municipality of Ibagué. The city is one access point toLos NevadosNational Park, the other beingManizales.

Cerro Machín has been dormant for the last 800 years, but seismological activity has been registered recently causing several earthquakes. The volcano is classified as "III – Changes in behavior of volcanic activity" by Ingeominas, the Colombian Institute for Geology and Mining.[12]A map of menaced areas has been published indicating that in the event of an eruption the city of Ibagué would not be affected despite its proximity to the volcano.[13]

Demographics

[edit]
Plaza de Bolívar, the city's main park.

The total population of the municipality of Ibagué (including urban and rural areas), according to the 2018 census, was 529,635 inhabitants, of which 492,554 resided in the urban area.[2]

Infrastructure

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Transportation

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Municipal transport is managed by several local bus companies that operate minibuses throughout the city and to neighboring villages.

Ibagué lies at the intersection of national roads 40 and 43, connecting the city toMagdalena River Valleyand Bogotá to the east,Armeniaand theValle del Caucato the west, andHondato the north. There is a long distancebus terminalwith connections to most big cities in Colombia. There are frequent connections toBogotá,Cali,Medellín,and several overnight buses toCartagena,Barranquilla,and seasonal services toSanta Marta.

About 10 km (6 mi) east of the city liesPerales Airportwhich has several flights a day to Bogotá and Medellín.

Climate

[edit]

Ibagué features atropical rainforest climateunder theKöppen climate classification,albeit a relatively cooler version of the climate due to the high altitude. Although the city does experience noticeably drier conditions during and around the months of January and July, the city has no truedry seasonmonth, as all twelve months see on average more than 60 mm (2.4 in) of rain. As is commonplace in areas with this climate, temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the course of the year in Ibagué, with average high temperatures of about 28 °C or 82.4 °F and average low temperatures of about 18 °C or 64.4 °F. On average Ibagué sees 1,700 mm (66.9 in) of rain annually.

Climate data for Ibagué (Chapeton), elevation 1,300 m (4,300 ft), (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.7
(78.3) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.6
(78.1) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.5
(79.7) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.5
(79.7) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.8
(78.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 20.3
(68.5) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.8
(69.4) 		20.9
(69.6) 		21.1
(70.0) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.3
(68.5) 		20.2
(68.4) 		20.2
(68.4) 		20.6
(69.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3) 		16.1
(61.0) 		16.5
(61.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		16.5
(61.7) 		16.1
(61.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		16.0
(60.8) 		16.1
(61.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		16.1
(61.0)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 101.9
(4.01) 		114.2
(4.50) 		154.4
(6.08) 		212.8
(8.38) 		249.6
(9.83) 		158.8
(6.25) 		93.1
(3.67) 		111.6
(4.39) 		183.2
(7.21) 		219.6
(8.65) 		212.5
(8.37) 		133.7
(5.26) 		1,945.4
(76.59)
Average precipitation days 14 14 19 22 22 17 13 13 17 21 22 17 211
Averagerelative humidity(%) 81 81 82 83 83 79 74 73 77 83 85 83 80
Mean monthlysunshine hours 158.1 124.4 130.2 117.0 145.7 159.0 176.7 170.5 153.0 124.0 126.0 139.5 1,724.1
Mean dailysunshine hours 5.1 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.1 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.7
Source:Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[14]
Climate data for Ibagué, Colombia (Perales Airport), elevation 928 m (3,045 ft), (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.4
(93.9) 		35.4
(95.7) 		34.4
(93.9) 		34.2
(93.6) 		33.2
(91.8) 		33.6
(92.5) 		35.0
(95.0) 		36.4
(97.5) 		36.0
(96.8) 		34.8
(94.6) 		31.9
(89.4) 		34.2
(93.6) 		36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.8
(83.8) 		29.1
(84.4) 		28.8
(83.8) 		28.2
(82.8) 		28.2
(82.8) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.8
(85.6) 		30.8
(87.4) 		29.9
(85.8) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.5
(81.5) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.8
(83.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8) 		24.2
(75.6) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.8
(74.8) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.5
(76.1) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.6
(76.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		24.0
(75.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.9
(66.0) 		19.2
(66.6) 		19.0
(66.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		19.0
(66.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		19.1
(66.4)
Record low °C (°F) 15.3
(59.5) 		15.2
(59.4) 		14.8
(58.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		16.2
(61.2) 		15.2
(59.4) 		15.2
(59.4) 		10.6
(51.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		16.0
(60.8) 		15.2
(59.4) 		15.4
(59.7) 		10.6
(51.1)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 86.5
(3.41) 		109.1
(4.30) 		138.2
(5.44) 		227.1
(8.94) 		228.2
(8.98) 		110.6
(4.35) 		75.9
(2.99) 		78.2
(3.08) 		149.9
(5.90) 		205.6
(8.09) 		173.7
(6.84) 		108.6
(4.28) 		1,691.4
(66.59)
Average precipitation days 12 13 16 20 19 12 10 10 14 19 19 14 177
Averagerelative humidity(%) 77 77 79 81 81 77 70 66 72 80 83 81 77
Mean monthlysunshine hours 179.8 144.0 139.5 138.0 155.0 168.0 192.2 195.3 180.0 158.1 141.0 164.3 1,955.2
Mean dailysunshine hours 5.8 5.1 4.5 4.6 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.3 6.0 5.1 4.7 5.3 5.4
Source:Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[15][16][17]
Climate data for Ibagué (Perales Hato Opia), elevation 700 m (2,300 ft), (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.4
(86.7) 		30.5
(86.9) 		30.1
(86.2) 		29.4
(84.9) 		29.2
(84.6) 		29.9
(85.8) 		31.1
(88.0) 		32.4
(90.3) 		31.1
(88.0) 		29.3
(84.7) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.5
(85.1) 		30.2
(86.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.3
(77.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.1
(77.2) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.7
(78.3) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.8
(78.4) 		24.8
(76.6) 		24.4
(75.9) 		24.7
(76.5) 		25.2
(77.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6) 		19.7
(67.5) 		19.9
(67.8) 		19.9
(67.8) 		19.7
(67.5) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.6
(67.3)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 63.0
(2.48) 		72.6
(2.86) 		115.1
(4.53) 		200.7
(7.90) 		212.9
(8.38) 		92.4
(3.64) 		62.5
(2.46) 		74.9
(2.95) 		152.9
(6.02) 		170.9
(6.73) 		125.7
(4.95) 		78.1
(3.07) 		1,421.6
(55.97)
Average precipitation days 8 9 11 16 16 10 8 7 12 16 13 10 136
Averagerelative humidity(%) 76 77 78 81 81 77 71 69 73 79 81 79 77
Mean monthlysunshine hours 182.9 146.8 142.6 135.0 158.1 171.0 195.3 198.4 174.0 158.1 144.0 170.5 1,976.7
Mean dailysunshine hours 5.9 5.2 4.6 4.5 5.1 5.7 6.3 6.4 5.8 5.1 4.8 5.5 5.4
Source:Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[18]

Neighborhoods

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  • Picaleña
  • Combeima
  • Ricaurte
  • Kenedy
  • Jordan (I-IX etapa)
  • Sta Helena
  • Belen
  • Pueblo Nuevo
  • Galan
  • Sta Rita
  • Venecia
  • Ambala
  • Pedregal
  • Vergel
  • Martires
  • Estadio
  • La Francia
  • San Francisco
  • Claret
  • Hipodromo
  • Las Ferias

Notable people

[edit]

Sports

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The Colombian Football Association announced that Ibagué will be one of the venue cities to host the2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup,[20]although in the end it was not designated as the venue for the sporting event.[21]

Ibague has one professional soccer teamDeportes Tolimathree timesLiga BetPlaywinner in 2003, 2018 and 2021. Club Deportes Tolima[22]was founded on 18 December 1954, under the leadership of Manuel Rubio Sánchez, who was in charge of registering the team with Dimayor for the sum of 10,000 pesos. In 1957, one of the most important men in the history of Deportes Tolima, Jorge Guzmán Molina, arrived, achieving the first sub-championship of the team.

Twin towns – sister cities

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See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Colombia

Ibagué istwinnedwith:[23]

References

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  1. ^City of Ibagué (Tolima)Archived23 March 2016 at theWayback Machine.Mycities.co.Retrieved 2 June 2014
  2. ^abc"Información capital"(PDF).dane.gov.co(in Spanish).Archived(PDF)from the original on 29 December 2019.Retrieved29 December2019.
  3. ^"What are the departments of Colombia".colombiainfo.org.Archivedfrom the original on 7 May 2016.Retrieved23 March2015.
  4. ^"mapa de comunas de ibague"(PDF)(in Spanish). 2010.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^"world trade center Colombia"(in Spanish). 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 28 December 2014.Retrieved22 May2013.
  6. ^colombianparadise (2010)."economía de ibague"(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved22 May2013.
  7. ^El tiempo (2010)."ibague,ciudad de la confeccion"(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved22 May2013.
  8. ^ibague es la segunda ciudad negociante del país (2010)."ibague seuna ciudad finanicera y de negocios del pais/web2/joomla/documentos/mapa_comunas.pdf"(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2021.Retrieved22 May2013.
  9. ^conservatorio de ibague (2010)."conservatorio de ibague"(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 18 May 2013.Retrieved22 May2013.
  10. ^conservatorio del tolima (2010)."conservatorio del tolima"(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 28 February 2021.Retrieved22 May2013.
  11. ^reinado nacional del folclor (2010)."reinado nacional del folclor"(in Spanish). Archived fromthe originalon 19 June 2013.Retrieved22 May2013.
  12. ^"Ingeominas"(in Spanish). Manizales, Colombia: Ingeominas. 1 August 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 26 June 2007.Retrieved13 August2009.
  13. ^"Mapa de amenaza del Cerro Machín"(in Spanish). Manizales, Colombia: Ingeominas. 9 December 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 13 October 2008.Retrieved13 August2009.
  14. ^"Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000"(in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales.Retrieved25 June2024.[dead link]
  15. ^"Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010"(in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived fromthe originalon 15 August 2016.Retrieved16 August2016.
  16. ^"Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000"(in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived fromthe originalon 15 August 2016.Retrieved16 August2016.
  17. ^"Tiempo y Clima"(in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived fromthe originalon 15 August 2016.Retrieved16 August2016.
  18. ^"Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010"(in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived fromthe originalon 15 August 2016.Retrieved25 June2024.
  19. ^"Darío Ortiz abrió su 'Ventana al Mundo'"Archived14 June 2018 at theWayback Machine,El Espectador,29 September 2008(in Spanish).
  20. ^"Copa Mundial de Futsal de la FIFA se jugará en Colombia en 2016".fcf.co/. 28 May 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 3 December 2013.
  21. ^"Cali, Medellín y Bucaramanga, sedes del Mundial de Futsal".29 January 2016.Archivedfrom the original on 7 April 2023.Retrieved30 July2022.
  22. ^"Historia – Club Deportes Tolima"(in Spanish).Archivedfrom the original on 13 July 2023.Retrieved13 July2023.
  23. ^"Menu: International cooperation".ibaguecreativa.gov.co.Ibagué Creativa.Archivedfrom the original on 22 December 2021.Retrieved22 December2021.
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