Iconorama
Iconoramawas aCold Warelectronic projection system for graphic presentation ( "stylized display using an etched plate to produce symbols" )[1]developed by the firmFenske, Fedrick and Miller.The Iconorama was ordered by theUnited States Air Forcein 1959.[2]
The mechanism used arear projectiondisplay, showing both a map overlay from a fixedlantern slideand dynamically updated data from a mechanical plotter.[3] [4][5]The mechanism for etching the slide is somewhat similar to anEtch A Sketch.The display can draw lines and characters, but cannot erase them individually.
The unit was used in theIBM 473L Command and Control System's[6]Large Panel Display Subsystem (e.g., at theNational Military Command Centerand theAlternate Military Command Center).[7]Advertised in 1961 byTemco Aircraft Corp.(already a subsidiary ofLing-Temco Electronics, Inc.),[8][9][10]the system used "a coated slide...one inch square" that was scribed "by a moving stylus" to make traces (e.g., for paths of attacking bombers).[11]The unit was used by theStrategic Air Command,[8]in the Marine Technical Data System[6]and at theAir Force Command Post,[12]Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center,[13]Pacific Missile Range,Point MuguCalif.; theWhite Sands Missile Rangein New Mexico; theAtlantic Missile RangeatCape Canaveral,Fla., and theNaval Research Laboratory.[11]NORAD'sCombined Operations Center[12]at theChidlaw Building[14]andBMEWS Central Computer and Display FacilityatEnt AFBused Iconorama,[15]and in 1971 an Iconorama was still being used byNORAD[6]for BMEWS.[6]
References
[edit]- ^"Advanced Naval Tactical Command and Control Study, Final Report Phase One Volume V Technology Part 1"(PDF).Informatics, Inc.Retrieved2014-10-24.
- ^"AF orders 'instant' plotting displays (" Iconorama ")".AF Times.July 11, 1959.
Iconorama shows almost instantly the positions of aircraft thousands of miles away [with] Traces made by the planes being tracked are scribed on a coated slide by a moving stylus.… The slide plot measures only one inch square, yet overall error of the projected display is said to be about one part in 1,000.... Leasing contracts for the Iconorama system, made by Fenske, Fedrick and Miller, Inc., Los Angeles, call for installation to 'be completed at NORAD by July, 1960, and at SAC by October, 1959. Iconorama units already have been installed and operated at the Pacific Missile Range, Point Mugu Calif.; the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico; the Atlantic Missile Range at Cape Canaveral, Fla., and the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C.
(also available atnewspapers ) - ^US 2859659,Jack R Fedrick & Donald M Fenske, Robert N Miller, "Data Plotting and Indicating Device", published Nov 11, 1958, assigned to Fenske Fedrick & Miller Inc
- ^A Catalog of Large Display Systems, Devices and Techniques.Traffic Control Research Branch, Federal Aviation Agency. May 1962. p. 13.
- ^""TV Screen" Plots Aircraft Thousands of Miles Away ".Popular Mechanics. March 1960.
- ^abcdKent, A.; Lancour, H. (1971).Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 5 - Circulation to Coordinate Inde xing.Taylor & Francis. p. 398.ISBN9780824720056.Retrieved2014-10-24.
- ^Brown, C.B. (4 December 1962).473L DPSS/ICSS Interface Description(PDF)(Report). MITRE Corporation. Archived fromthe original(Technical Memorandum)on October 24, 2014.Retrieved2014-04-07.
- ^abMissiles and Rockets,April 10, 1961, p.39.
- ^"1961 NORAD Colorado Ling-Temco Iconorama Display Sys".41(1). Air Force and Space Digest. January 1961.Retrieved2021-06-30– via books.google.
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^"The Ottawa Journal from Ottawa, · Page 18".newspapers. 16 May 1961.Retrieved2014-10-24.
- ^ab"New Device Will Plot All Planes".Alton Evening Telegraph.20 August 1959. p. 29.
Iconorama shows almost instantly the positions of aircraft thousands of miles away… Traces made by the planes being tracked are scribed on a coated slide by a moving stylus.… The slide plot measures only one inch square, yet overall error of the projected display is said to be about one part in 1,000.… Iconorama units already have been installed and operated at thePacific Missile Range,Point Mugu Calif.; the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico; theAtlantic Missile RangeatCape Canaveral,Fla., and theNaval Research Laboratory
- ^abAntaccs Project(Midway Report)(Report). July 1964.Retrieved2014-04-02.
COC - a) Large screen of the North American continent capable of showing tracks. This system uses the Iconorama projection system which automatically updates film chips from teletype messages.... Iconorama system which is perhaps the first on-line, multi-color, group display system to be installed.... The display activity to data at the Air Force Command Post has been limited to several rear projection screens capable of showing slides and films. Perhaps the most dynamic display is the Iconorama System which is fed by NORAD.
- ^Krugler, D.F. (2006).This Is Only a Test: How Washington D.C. Prepared for Nuclear War.Palgrave Macmillan. p. 166.ISBN9781403983060.Retrieved2014-10-24.
- ^"The World's Most Fearsome Military Machine".The Age.Melbourne, Australia. June 17, 1964. p. 15.
In 1964, the two-story concrete bunker [had] giant Iconorama screens projecting…a map of Europe and Asia [and a map] of North America "and" an electronic clock, marked "Minutes to First Impact.
- ^NORAD Historical Summary 1964 (Jul–Dec) "NORAD SPADAT center... for an interimBMEWScentral computer and display facility at NORAD Headquarters in October 1959.... It included Fenske, Fedeick and Miller Company Iconorama display equipment "
External links
[edit]- "The ICONORAMA in the Federal Warning Centre at CFS Carp / CEGHQ".davescoldwarecanada.- A Canadian perspective on the Iconorama (includes simulation of Iconorama atThe Diefenbunker MuseuminCarp, Ontario)
- Iconorama advertisementsfrom July 1959 issue ofAir Force and Space Digestmagazine(scroll down)– via Google Books
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