Idris I of Morocco

Names
	Idris ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali

Idris I ibn Abd Allah
إدريس بن عبد الله
Idris I ibn Abd Allah; إدريس بن عبد الله
Emir of Morocco
Reign	788–791
Predecessor	None
Successor	Idris II
Born	Unknown; Arabia
Died	791; Walīlī,Morocco
Burial	Moulay Idriss Zerhoun
Spouse	Kenza al-Awrabiya
Issue	Idris II
Names
Names
	Idris ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali
Dynasty	Idrisid
Father	Abd Allah al-Mahd
Mother	Atika bint Abd al-Malik
Religion	Islam

Idris (I) ibn Abd Allah(Arabic:إدريس بن عبد الله,romanized:Idrīs ibn ʿAbd Allāh;d. 791), also known asIdris the Elder(Arabic:إدريس الأكبر,romanized:Idrīs al-Akbar), was aHasanidand the founder of theIdrisid dynastyin part of northernMorocco,after fleeing theHejazas a result of theBattle of Fakhkh.^[1]He ruled from 788 to 791. He is credited with founding the dynasty that established Moroccan statehood and is regarded as the "founder ofMorocco".^[2]

History

Idris was the great-grandchild ofHasan,who was the son ofFatimaandAliand grandson of the Islamic prophet,Muhammad.^[3]He was born and raised inArabia.^[4]His paternal half-brothersMuhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyyaand Ibrahim had been killed by theAbbasidsduring anabortive rebellion.His brotherYahyarose in revolt inDaylam,but was forced to surrender. He was persecuted byCaliph Harun al-Rashidthereafter, and repeatedly imprisoned.

Idris himself had participated (along with Yahya) in anotherAliduprising in 786, underal-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid.After the revolt's defeat at theBattle of Fakhkh,he escaped and remained in hiding, before moving toEgypt.Assisted by the local head of the caliphalpostal system,Wadih,he managed to leave Egypt and reach theMaghreb.^[3]

In 789, he arrived inTangierbefore going toWalīlī,the site of theRoman Volubilis.Here his headquarters have been discovered in recent excavations conducted by the Moroccan Institute of Archaeology (INSAP) andUniversity College London.^[5]The headquarters lies just outside the walls of the Roman town, which was then occupied by theBerbertribe of theAwraba,under Ishaq ibn Muhammad. He marriedKenza,^[6]of theAwraba,fathering a son,Idris II.^[7]This event is considered a consolidation and the birth of the Idrisid dynasty, the fourth Muslim State in Morocco afterNekor(710–1019),Barghawata(744–1058), andMidrar(757–976).

Idris I conquered large parts of northern Morocco and founded the city ofFez.In 789 AD, he capturedTlemcen(in modern-dayAlgeria) from theSufrite Ifranid Abu Qurra^[8]which became part of the kingdom. This succession of events prompted vengeance from the Abbasid caliphHarun al-Rashid,who sent emissaries to kill him. Idris I died in 791 in Walīlī, allegedly poisoned by the caliph's agents.^[3]^[9]His son, Idris II, was born a few months later and brought up by the Awraba under theregencyof Rashid, his father'sfreedman(mawla) and advisor.^[1]^[4]^[9]He left Walīlī for Fes in 808. During his reign (791–828) he successfully consolidated the Idrisid state and developed Fez into a thriving capital.^[1]^[10]

Idris I's body was buried on a hill not far from Walīlī. The site of his tomb grew into a village known asMoulay Idriss Zerhoun.Azawiya(religious complex) centered around his mausoleum developed here over the centuries and remains an important religious site in Morocco today.^[11]^[12]

Genealogy

Idrisid dynasty

Emirs of Morocco
Caliphs of Córdoba
Emirs of Algericas
Emirs of Málaga

Abd al-Muttalib
ibn Hashim

Abu Talib ibn
Abd al-Muttalib

Abdullah ibn
Abd al-Muttalib

Muhammad
ibn Abd Allah

Ali ibn
Abi Talib

Fatima bint
Muhammad

al-Hasan
ibn Ali

al-Hasan
ibn al-Hasan

Abd Allah
ibn al-Hasan

Idris I
al-Akbar
r. 788-791

Idris II
r. 803-828

Muhammad I
r. 828-836

Umar ibn Idris

al-Qasim
ibn Idris

Dawud
r. c. 877

Ali I
r. 836-849

Yahya I
r. 849-863

Ali II
r. 866-?

Idris ibn Umar

Ubayd Allah
ibn Umar

Yahya III
r.?-905

Muhammad
ibn al-Qasim

Yahya II
r. 863-866

Yahya IV
r. 905-922

Ali ibn
Ubayd Allah

al-Hasan I
al-Hajjam
r. 928–930

al-Qasim
Kanun
r. 937-949

Hammud
ibn Ali

Abu al-Aysh
Ahmad
r. 948-954

al-Hasan II
r. 954-974

Maymun
ibn Hammud

Hammud
ibn Maymun

al-Qasim
al-Ma'mun
r. 1018-1021,
1023

Ali al-Nasir
r. 1016-1018

Muhammad
al-Mahdi
r. 1035-1048

Idris I
al-Muta'ayyad
r. 1035-1039

Yahya I
al-Mu'tali
r. 1021-1023,
1025-1026
r. 1026-1035

al-Qasim
al-Wathiq
r. 1048-1054

Muhammad I
al-Mahdi
r. 1047-1053

Yahya II
al-Qa'im
r. 1039-1040

Idris II al-Ali
r. 1042-1047,
1053-1054/5

Hasan
al-Mustansir
r. 1040-1042

Idris III
al-Sami
r. 1053

Muhammad II
al-Musta'li
r. 1054/5

Abd Allah
ibn Idris

Muhammad
ibn Abd Allah

Muhammad
ibn Muhammad
al-Idrisi

References

^^a ^b ^cA History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period,Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, 1987, p. 51-52
^Everett, Samuel Sami; Vince, Rebekah (10 November 2020).Jewish–Muslim Interactions: Performing Cultures between North Africa and France.Liverpool University Press. p. 170.ISBN 978-1-78962-727-5.
^^a ^b ^cEustache 1971,p. 1031.
^^a ^bStephen, Cory (2012)."Idris I (d. 791)".In Gates, Henry Louis; Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Niven, Steven J. (eds.).Dictionary of African Biography.Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
^Fentress & Limane 2018.
^Robinson, Marsha R. (2006).Crossing the Strait from Morocco to the United States: The transnational gendering of the Atlantic world before 1830.The Ohio State University. p. 74.Idriss' power to rule in this area hinged upon his marriage to Kenza
^"من هو مولاي إدريس الأول - المرسال"[Who is Moulay Idriss I?]. 13 August 2020. Archived fromthe originalon 13 August 2020.Retrieved14 March2022.Her name is Kenza al-Awrabiya in relation to the Berber tribe called Awraba. She is the daughter of the tribe's leader, Ishaq bin Abdul Hamid al-Awrabi, and the wife of Moulay Idris I, who was assassinated while she was pregnant with her first son.
^Fage, J. D.; Clark, Desmond J.; Oliver, Roland (1975).The Cambridge History of Africa.Cambridge University Press. p. 526.ISBN 978-0-521-20981-6.
^^a ^bBenchekroun, Chafik T. (2018)."Idrīsids".In Fleet, Kate;Krämer, Gudrun;Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;Rowson, Everett(eds.).Encyclopaedia of Islam(3rd ed.). Brill Online.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32374.ISSN 1873-9830.
^Rivet, Daniel (2012).Histoire du Maroc: de Moulay Idrîs à Mohammed VI.Fayard. p. 86.
^Berthier, P. (1991)."Mawlāy Idrīs".InBosworth, C. E.;van Donzel, E.&Pellat, Ch.(eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume VI:Mahk–Mid.Leiden: E. J. Brill.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5057.ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
^Touri, Abdelaziz; Benaboud, Mhammad; Boujibar El-Khatib, Naïma; Lakhdar, Kamal; Mezzine, Mohamed (2010).Le Maroc andalou: à la découverte d'un art de vivre(2 ed.). Ministère des Affaires Culturelles du Royaume du Maroc & Museum With No Frontiers.ISBN 978-3902782311.

Sources

Benchekroun, Chafik T. (2018)."Idrīsids".In Fleet, Kate;Krämer, Gudrun;Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;Rowson, Everett(eds.).Encyclopaedia of Islam(3rd ed.). Brill Online.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32374.ISSN 1873-9830.
Julien, Charles-André,Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830,original edition in 1931, new edition by Payot, Paris, 1994
Abum-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987).A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period.
Fentress, Elizabeth; Limane, Hassan (2018).Volubilis après Rome. Fouilles 2000-2004.Brill.
Eustache, D. (1971)."Idrīs I".InLewis, B.;Ménage, V. L.;Pellat, Ch.&Schacht, J.(eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume III:H–Iram.Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 1031.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3492.OCLC 495469525.

New title	Emir of Morocco 788–791	Succeeded by Idris II

[:0-1] A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period,Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, 1987, p. 51-52

[2] Everett, Samuel Sami; Vince, Rebekah (10 November 2020).Jewish–Muslim Interactions: Performing Cultures between North Africa and France.Liverpool University Press. p. 170.ISBN 978-1-78962-727-5.

[FOOTNOTEEustache19711031-3] Eustache 1971,p. 1031.

[:1-4] Stephen, Cory (2012)."Idris I (d. 791)".In Gates, Henry Louis; Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Niven, Steven J. (eds.).Dictionary of African Biography.Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.

[FOOTNOTEFentressLimane2018-5] Fentress & Limane 2018.

[6] Robinson, Marsha R. (2006).Crossing the Strait from Morocco to the United States: The transnational gendering of the Atlantic world before 1830.The Ohio State University. p. 74.Idriss' power to rule in this area hinged upon his marriage to Kenza

[7] "من هو مولاي إدريس الأول - المرسال"[Who is Moulay Idriss I?]. 13 August 2020. Archived fromthe originalon 13 August 2020.Retrieved14 March2022.Her name is Kenza al-Awrabiya in relation to the Berber tribe called Awraba. She is the daughter of the tribe's leader, Ishaq bin Abdul Hamid al-Awrabi, and the wife of Moulay Idris I, who was assassinated while she was pregnant with her first son.

[8] Fage, J. D.; Clark, Desmond J.; Oliver, Roland (1975).The Cambridge History of Africa.Cambridge University Press. p. 526.ISBN 978-0-521-20981-6.

[:0522-9] Benchekroun, Chafik T. (2018)."Idrīsids".In Fleet, Kate;Krämer, Gudrun;Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;Rowson, Everett(eds.).Encyclopaedia of Islam(3rd ed.). Brill Online.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32374.ISSN 1873-9830.

[:02-10] Rivet, Daniel (2012).Histoire du Maroc: de Moulay Idrîs à Mohammed VI.Fayard. p. 86.

[:052-11] Berthier, P. (1991)."Mawlāy Idrīs".InBosworth, C. E.;van Donzel, E.&Pellat, Ch.(eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume VI:Mahk–Mid.Leiden: E. J. Brill.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5057.ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.

[:12-12] Touri, Abdelaziz; Benaboud, Mhammad; Boujibar El-Khatib, Naïma; Lakhdar, Kamal; Mezzine, Mohamed (2010).Le Maroc andalou: à la découverte d'un art de vivre(2 ed.). Ministère des Affaires Culturelles du Royaume du Maroc & Museum With No Frontiers.ISBN 978-3902782311.

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v t e Rulers of Morocco
Idrisid dynasty (788–974)	Idris I(Idris ibn Abdallah) Idris II(Idris ibn Idris) Muhammad ibn Idris Ali I(Ali ibn Muhammad) Yahya I(Yahya ibn Muhammad) Yahya II(Yahya ibn Yahya) Ali II(Ali ibn Umar) Yahya III(Yahya ibn al-Qasim) Yahya IV(Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar) Hasan I(al-Hasan ibn Muhammad) Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim Abu'l-Aysh ibn al-Qasim Hasan II(al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim)
Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147)	Yusuf ibn Tashfin Ali ibn Yusuf Tashfin ibn Ali Ibrahim ibn Tashfin Ishaq ibn Ali
Almohad dynasty (1121–1269)	Abd al-Mu'min Yusuf I(Abu Yaqub Yusuf) Yaqub al-Mansur Muhammad al-Nasir Yusuf II(Yusuf al-Mustansir) Abd al-Wahid I(Abd al-Wahid al-Makhluʿ) Abdallah al-ʿAdil Yahya al-Mu'tasim Idris al-Ma'mun Abd al-Wahid II Said al-Muʿtadid
Marinid dynasty (1244–1465)	Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr Abu Thabit Amir Abu al-Rabi Sulayman Abu Sa'id Uthman II Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman Abu Inan Faris Abu Zayyan Muhammad II Abu Bakr ibn Faris Ibrahim ibn Ali Tashfin ibn Ali Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (al-Mustansir) Musa ibn Faris Muhammad ibn Ahmad (al-Wathiq) Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (al-Mustansir) Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad Abdallah ibn Ahmad Uthman ibn Ahmad Abd al-Haqq ibn Uthman
Idrisid interlude (1465–1471)	Muhammad ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey
Wattasid dynasty (1471–1549, 1554)	Muhammad ibn Yahya Muhammad ibn Muhammad Ali ibn Muhammad (Abu Hassun) Ahmad ibn Muhammad Muhammad ibn Ahmad Ahmad ibn Muhammad
Saadi dynasty (1549–1659)	Mohammed al-Shaykh Abdallah al-Ghalib Muhammad al-Mutawakkil Abd al-Malik I(Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik al-Ghazi) Ahmad al-Mansur Abu Faris Abdallah Abdallah al-Ghalib II Zidan al-Nasir Abd al-Malik II(Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik ibn Zidan) Al-Walid ibn Zidan Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir Ahmad al-Abbas
Dila'iinterlude (1659–1663)	Muhammad al-Haj ad-Dila'i
Alawi dynasty (1666–present)	Al-Rashid ibn Ali Ismail ibn Ali Ahmad ibn Ismail Abd al-Malik ibn Ismail Abdallah ibn Ismail Ali ibn Ismail Muhammad II(Muhammad ibn Ismail) Al-Mustadi' ibn Ismail Zin al-Abidin ibn Ismail Muhammad III(Muhammad ibn Abdallah) Al-Yazid ibn Muhammad Hisham ibn Muhammad Suleiman ibn Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Hisham Muhammad IV(Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman) Hassan I(Al-Hassan ibn Muhammad) Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Hassan Abd al-Hafid ibn al-Hassan Yusuf ibn al-Hassan Muhammad ibn Arafa Muhammad V(Muhammad ibn Yusuf) Hassan II(Hassan ibn Muhammad) Muhammad VI(Muhammad ibn al-Hassan)

Authority control databases
International	VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	United States Israel

History

Genealogy

See also

References

Sources