Imam Munandar
Imam Munandar | |
|---|---|
 Munandar as Governor of Riau | |
| Governor ofRiau | |
| In office 2 October 1980 – 21 June 1988 | |
| Preceded by | Subrantas Siswanto |
| Succeeded by | Soeripto |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 15 June 1927 Blitar,Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 21 June 1988(aged 61) Surabaya,East Java, Indonesia |
| Nationality | Indonesian |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Indonesia |
| Branch/service | Indonesian Army |
| Rank | Major general |
Imam Munandar(15 June 1927 – 21 June 1988) was an Indonesian military officer who also served as the governor ofRiaubetween 1980 and his death in 1988. He was primarily active within theKodam V/Brawijaya,and was appointed as governor in 1980 following his predecessor's death. He secured his second term in 1985 despite local opposition, after his opponent was forced to resign his candidacy.
Early life
[edit]Munandar was born inBlitaron 15 June 1927, and graduated from a colonial elementary school (Hollandsch-Inlandsche School) in 1940. He completed middle school in 1943, although he obtained his high school diploma from a technical school in 1951.[1]
Career
[edit]Military
[edit]During theJapanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies,Munandar joined theDefenders of the Homeland(PETA) paramilitary organization. He held the rank of platoon commander, having been trained by and being a direct subordinate of future presidentSuharto.[2]He joined the nascentIndonesian Army,and served during theIndonesian National Revolutionas part of theBrawijaya Division,during which he took part in the crackdowns following theMadiun Affairof 1948. In independent Indonesia, he took part in operations against theSouth Maluku Republic,theDarul Islam revolt,and thePRRI/Permestarebellion.[1]
In the aftermath of the30 September movementin 1965, Munandar took part in theanti-communist crackdowns,as the commander ofSurabaya's military district.[1][2]On one occasion, he remarked to his commanding officer that their unit should release imprisonedIndonesian Communist Partycadres so that they could be killed.[2]
He continued to serve within Brawijaya until 1975, when he was assigned to become commander of thePapuan military area command,holding the post until 1980.[1]At the time, as amajor general,he was considered to become a potential governor forIrian Jaya,but due to popular rejection the idea was shelved.[3]Afterwards, he was stationed atTanjungpinangas part of an anti-smuggling operation.[4]
As governor
[edit]In 1980, the sitting governor of Riau,Subrantas Siswanto,died in office and Munandar was selected to replace him. He was sworn in as Governor on 2 October 1980. Munandar was a notoriously harsh talker, and had a tendency to scold his subordinates in public.[4][5]In his first two years in office, he had amicable relations with localMalaypoliticians in Riau.[6]He promoted the development ofpalm oilandcoconutplantations, particularly in the province's coastal regions, in addition to continuing the development of theBatamproject.[7]Later in his first term, however, Munandar's relationship with local politicians deteriorated as he became more temperamental.[6]
When Munandar was up for reelection in 1985, the central government in Jakarta had approved of his candidacy, despite the opposition of Riau's politicians. They sent a letter to President Suharto requesting Munandar not run for a second term, Suharto outright rejecting this request.[8]These local politicians eventually agreed among themselves to not cast their vote for Munandar, and instead to vote for the provincial legislature's secretary and senior civil servantIsmail Suko.[9]On 2 September 1985, the day of the vote, Munandar was defeated by Suko who won 19 votes of 37.[10]Fearing retaliation from the central government, Suko left Pekanbaru forJakartathe following day, and was eventually pressured into resigning his candidacy by 10 September.[11]Munandar was sworn in for his second term on 3 October 1985.[12]He also was appointed as a member of thePeople's Representative Councilin 1987, as a representative of Riau.[1]He did not complete his second term, however, as he died due to liver cancer atSurabaya's Dr. Soetomo Hospital on 21 June 1988.[4][13]
Personal life
[edit]Munandar was married to Sri Mujinab (d. 1983).[6]
References
[edit]- ^abcdePemilihan umum 1987(in Indonesian).General Elections Commission.1988. pp. 36–37.
- ^abcJenkins, David (2021).Young Soeharto: The Making of a Soldier, 1921-1945.ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. pp. 292–293.ISBN978-981-4881-01-2.
- ^Asril, Zaili (2002).Tragedi Riau menegakkan demokrasi: peristiwa 2 September 1985(in Indonesian). Panitia Peringatan 17 tahun "Peristiwa 2 September 1985". pp. 24–25.
- ^abcAsril 2002,pp. 160–162.
- ^40 tahun Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia: Masa pembangunan dan pemantapan ABRI (1965-1985)(in Indonesian).Indonesian National Armed Forces.1985. p. 349.
- ^abcAsril 2002,p. 28.
- ^Asril 2002,pp. 30–31.
- ^Asril 2002,p. 36.
- ^Asril 2002,pp. 39–40.
- ^Asril 2002,p. 48.
- ^Asril 2002,pp. 58–68.
- ^Asril 2002,p. 70.
- ^Mimbar kekaryaan ABRI(in Indonesian).Ministry of Defense.1987. p. 73.
