Indian Pacific
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Indian_pacific_map.gif/250px-Indian_pacific_map.gif)
TheIndian Pacificis a weeklyexperiential tourism-orientedpassenger trainservice that runs inAustralia'seast–west rail corridorbetweenSydney,on the shore of thePacific Ocean,andPerth,on the shore of theIndian Ocean– thus, like its counterpart in thenorth–south corridor,The Ghan,one of the few truly transcontinental trains in the world. It first ran in 1970 after the completion ofgauge conversionprojects inSouth AustraliaandWestern Australia,enabling for the first time a cross-continental rail journey that did not have abreak of gauge.
The train has been rated as one of the great rail journeys of the world.[4]Its route includes the world's longest straight stretch of railway track, a 478-kilometre (297 mi) stretch of theTrans-Australian Railwayacross theNullarbor Plain.[5]
The service was originally operated jointly by four government railway administrations: theDepartment of Railways New South Wales,South Australian Railways,Commonwealth RailwaysandWestern Australian Government Railways,until February 1993 whenAustralian Nationaltook full ownership. In 1997, theIndian Pacificwas sold toGreat Southern Railand, subsequently, branded as Journey Beyond Rail Expeditions thenJourney Beyondduring several changes in corporate ownership.
A one-way trip takes between 70.5 and 75 hours, depending on scheduling anddaylight saving periods.[6]As of 2022[update],two levels of service were offered, branded as Platinum and Gold.[7]Amotorailservice conveys passengers' motor vehicles on the train betweenAdelaideandPerth.[8]
History
[edit]With the remaining narrow gauge parts of theEast-west rail corridorbeinggauge convertedto standard gauge in 1966, theDepartment of Railways New South Wales,South Australian Railways,Commonwealth RailwaysandWestern Australian Government Railwaysagreed that a through passenger service fromSydney CentraltoEast Perth Terminalbe inaugurated. Originally to be namedThe Transcontinental,in 1969, theIndian Pacificname was adopted by a joint meeting of transport ministers.[9][10][11]
The service was originally operated jointly by the four operators whose networks it traversed, with revenues and costs apportioned Department of Railways New South Wales (28.5%), South Australian Railways (10%), Commonwealth Railways (45%) and Western Australian Government Railways (16.5%).[12][13]
The firstIndian Pacificservice left Sydney on 23 February 1970, becoming the first direct train to cross the Australian continent,[14]made possible by the completion of theeast-west standard gauge projecta few months earlier. At the time it was the third longest passenger train in terms of distance after services on theTrans-Siberian Railwayand theCanadian.[15]
Locomotives and crews were provided by the Department of Railways New South Wales between Sydney andBroken Hill,South Australian Railways between Broken Hill andPort Pirie,the Commonwealth Railways between Port Pirie andKalgoorlieand Western Australian Government Railways between Kalgoorlie and Perth. With the formation ofAustralian Nationalin July 1975, it provided locomotives and crews from Broken Hill to Kalgoorlie. Locomotives were changed atLithgow,Broken Hill, Port Pirie and Kalgoorlie.
On-board crews were originally provided between Sydney and Port Pirie by Commonwealth Railways on one service and New South Wales Government Railways on the other services, Commonwealth Railways between Port Pirie and Kalgoorlie and West Australian Government Railways between Kalgoorlie and Perth.
The train originally operated twice per week. In times of heavy demand, adouble consistwould operate. It would operate in New South Wales as two trains before being combined at Broken Hill.[16][17]
In July 1973, a third service was introduced followed in July 1975 by a fourth, these later two being extensions of existingTrans-Australianservices.[18][19][20]In October 1976, amotorailservice was introduced between Port Pirie and Perth.[21]Originally vehicles were loaded in Perth at theKewdale Freight Terminalbefore a car loading ramp was built at East Perth station.[22][23]
The service was suspended from 2 December 1982 to 25 April 1983 due to an industrial dispute over staffing levels in South Australia.[24][25]When it resumed, the service was reduced to three times weekly with the second class sleepers replaced by sitting carriages.[26][27][28]
From August 1986, the train commenced operating viaAdelaide.[28][29][30]In October 1988 the motorail service was extended through to Sydney.[31]
In June 1991, the service was cut from three times a week to two.[32][33][34]This was reduced to weekly in January 1992 between Sydney and Adelaide with two services a week between Adelaide and Perth.[35][36]
In February 1993,Australian Nationaltook over operation of the service throughout after agreement was reached with theState Rail AuthorityandWestrailin 1992.[37][38][39]A second service resumed in August 1993.[40]
From January 1994, the service was operated throughout by Australian NationalCL classlocomotives.[41]
As part of the privatisation of Australian National, the Indian Pacific, along withThe GhanandThe Overland,was sold toGreat Southern Rail(now known as Journey Beyond Rail Expeditions) in October 1997.[42]Motive power provision was contracted toNational Rail.As from 2016, theIndian Pacificoperates weekly.[43]A second service operated between September and November until 2015.[44]
Route
[edit]The route leavesSydneyand travels via theWesternandBroken Hilllines toBroken Hill.It then crosses intoSouth Australiaon theBroken Hill to Crystal Brook linebefore heading south toAdelaide.Before the conversion of theCrystal Brook to Adelaide linetostandard gauge,passengers for Adelaide had to change atPort Pirie.However, from August 1986, the Indian Pacific was diverted to make an out-and-back trip toAdelaideadding 390 kilometres (240 mi) to the journey. From Crystal Brook, it heads north toPort Augustaand then via theTrans-Australian RailwaytoKalgoorlieincluding travelling over the world's longest straight stretch of railway track on theNullarbor Plainmeasuring 478 kilometres (297 mi).[45]It then heads via theEastern GoldfieldsandEasternlines to its terminus atEast Perth.
The highest point on the line is at Bell, NSW in the Blue Mountains, at 1100 metres.
The most northern point on the line is at the western tip of the Yellabinna Regional Park, South Australia.
The most southern point on the line is at the Adelaide Parklands Terminal in Keswick, South Australia.
Occasionally, when there is trackwork, theIndian Pacificis diverted out of Sydney via theMain South linetoCootamundraandcross-country lineto rejoin the Broken Hill line atParkes.It has previously operated via theTemora to Roto lineand viaMelbourne.[46][47]
In 1970, the journey took 75 hours. With subsequent infrastructure improvements and reductions to the time needed to change locomotives and crew, the journey now takes 65 hours despite the longer distance.[48]
Rolling stock
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Indian_Pacific_Train_%2820231004b%29.jpg/220px-Indian_Pacific_Train_%2820231004b%29.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rawlinna_%28AU%29%2C_Indian_Pacific%2C_NR_Class_Locomotive_--_2019_--_0597.jpg/220px-Rawlinna_%28AU%29%2C_Indian_Pacific%2C_NR_Class_Locomotive_--_2019_--_0597.jpg)
For the commencement of operations, 59stainless steelcarriages, power vans and luggage vans were built byCommonwealth Engineering,Granvilleto the same design as already in use on theTrans-Australian.[10][49][50]These operated in consists of 12 carriages.[50][51]A further 16 were ordered in 1971.[52]
As of 2020[update],the weekly service consists of up to 25 carriages and twomotorailwagons. Because of its length, the train is split in two when stabled atSydney Central station. Originally, each of the operators hauled the train over their network with locomotives changed at Broken Hill, Port Pirie and Kalgoorlie. A further change occurred at Lithgow from electric to diesel power. Due toWestrailsuffering a motive power shortage, Australian National locomotives hauled the service in Western Australia from October 1973 until March 1977.[53][54]
From January 1994, the service was operated throughout by Australian NationalCL classlocomotives.[55]Since November 1997, it has been hauled byPacific NationalNR classlocomotives.[56]Seven NR class, (NR18, NR25-NR29, NR86) have been repainted in differingIndian Pacificliveries.[57][58]
The lead locomotive is assisted by an81,Gor second NR class between Sydney and Adelaide. In 2014, NR25-NR28 were repainted in a new livery that is much closer to that of Pacific National.[59]In 2018, NR29 and NR86 hadIndian Pacificsignwriting applied their existing liveries.[60]
Passenger facilities
[edit]The train originally offered just 52 first-class sleeping berths and 96 second-class sleeping berths. However, the train was limited to 144 passengers, as this was the number that could be serviced by three sittings in the 48-seat dining car.
From 1973, the accommodation was altered to provide 88 first-class sleeping berths and 64 second-class. The club-cafeteria car also provided a small number of second-class seats for short-distance travelers on the Commonwealth Railways segment.
From 1975, Australian National provided full sitting carriages west of Port Pirie on two journeys per week. The Department of Railways New South Wales initially resisted providing sitting accommodation over the whole journey, butPublic Transport CommissionHUB/RUBsitting carriages were included between Sydney and Port Pirie from 1974, with Australian National providing sitting carriages from Broken Hill toPeterboroughfor an onward connection to Adelaide.[61][62]By 1979, the Public Transport Commission carriages were operating from Sydney to Peterborough.[63]In 1981, this was extended to Port Pirie.[64]
Sitting carriages provided by Australian National withCommonwealth Railways carbon steel carriage stockbecame part of the full through service from Sydney to Perth in 1988.
The train formerly had four classes, branded as Platinum, Gold Service, Red Service Sleeper and Red Service Daynighter. The Platinum Service was introduced in 2008 as a premium class of travel. The Gold Service, the former first-class service, features eitherroometteortwinettesleeper cabins, with complimentary meals in therestaurant car.
Red Service, the equivalent ofeconomy class,featured both dual-berth shared sleeper cabins and airline-style 'sit-up' seats similar to other Australian trains. It also had its own restaurant car.[65]Red Service was withdrawn in July 2016 after a Federal Government subsidy was withdrawn making the Red Service no longer financially viable.[66][67]
The train also has amotorailservice to carry passengers' motor vehicles.[68]This facility was available throughout the journey until November 2015, when it was reduced to only operate between Adelaide and Perth.
Special trains
[edit]A fullIndian Pacificset made promotional trips toCanberraandNewcastlefor travel agents prior to its launch in February 1970.[69]
Further trips were made to Canberra in 1981 and 1985,[70][71]and to Newcastle in 1975, 1976, 1977 and 1979.[72][73][74][75]
Following the conversion of theAdelaide to Melbourne railway lineto standard gauge in 1995, theIndian Pacificmade a promotional trip from Perth toBrisbaneviaMelbourneover 6 days in June of that year.[76][77]
Christmas train
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Guy_Sebastian_Indian_Pacific_Christmas_Journey_2005.jpg/250px-Guy_Sebastian_Indian_Pacific_Christmas_Journey_2005.jpg)
For more than a decade, theIndian Pacificoperated a Christmas train with a noted musical artist on board,[78]stopping at locations including the remoteNullarbor Plainsidings ofWatson,Cook,andRawlinna.[79][80]Some of the performers wereNikki Webster(2000),John Williamson(2001),Marcia Hines(2002),John Paul Young(2003),Jimmy Barnes(2004),Guy Sebastian(2005),[81]Human Nature(2006),David Campbell(2007),Brian McFadden(2012)[82]andRikki-Lee Coulter(2013).[83][84][needs update]
Media depictions
[edit]In 1980, theIndian Pacificfeatured in an episode ofBBC Television'sGreat Railway Journeys of the Worldseries, presented byMichael Frayn.In 2019 it was also the subject of anSBS"slow television"documentary: the entire journey from Perth to Sydney was condensed into a three-hour show with no voiceover, much of it comprising footage directly from the front or sides of the train.[85]TheIndian Pacificalso featured inGreat Australian Railway Journeys,presented byMichael Portillo,first broadcast in November 2019. Also in 2019, the train was featured in an episode ofDiscovery Channel Canada'sMighty Trains.
Incidents
[edit]- 18 February 1970: On a test run from Port Pirie, anIndian Pacificset struck a derailed freight train nearLocksleyripping the sides out of several carriages.[50][86]
- 24 December 1975: 13 of the 25 carriages on the eastbound train derailed due to a collapsedbogieon the leading carriage, east of the remoteNullarbor Plainsiding ofRawlinna.[87]Three of the 200 passengers were injured; they were flown fromForresttoAdelaide.[87]
- 24 January 1978: The westbound train derailed nearForbesas a result of wet weather washing away part of the track.[88]The train had been diverted south through Forbes, because of washaways between Parkes and Broken Hill. Three of the 153 passengers were taken to Forbes District Hospital.
- 18 August 1999:Zanthus train collision– the westbound train was accidentally directed into acrossing loopoccupied by an eastbound train atZanthus.[89]
- 3 December 1999:Glenbrook train disaster– aCityRailIntercitytrain ran into the back of the eastbound train atGlenbrookin theBlue Mountains,west of Sydney. Seven people died, all on the CityRail train.[89]
- 26 November 2017: At 10:12 am, just 600 metres after departing from East Perth station, theIndian Pacific,heading for Sydney, derailed. "The second carriage jumped the tracks, grinding the train-ride to a halt".[90]
Gallery
[edit]-
Indian Pacific liveriedNR26shunts atCentral railway station, Sydneyin January 2008
-
Dining car interior in January 2010
References
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Bibliography
[edit]- Adam-Smith, Patsy;Rodda, Lindsay (1971).Across Australia by Indian-Pacific.Melbourne: Thomas Nelson (Australia).ISBN0170019535.
- Attenborough, Peter (2009).Indian Pacific.Australian Trains series. Matraville, NSW: Eveleigh Press.ISBN9781876568511.
- Brodie, Will (4 January 2012)."Travelling on Australia's longest train journey".The Sydney Morning Herald.Archivedfrom the original on 12 February 2014.Retrieved7 May2014.
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- Dennis, Anthony; Bird, Ross (1991).Ribbons of Steel: Riding the Indian-Pacific.North Sydney: Allen & Unwin.ISBN1863730583.
- Dennis, Anthony (8 November 2015)."Indian Pacific from Sydney to Perth review: Ribbons of Steel".traveller.au.Fairfax Media.Archivedfrom the original on 13 November 2015.Retrieved15 November2015.
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- Downes, Jim; Daum, Berthold (1997).The Indian-Pacific: from coast to coast.Cromer, Vic: Lichtbild.ISBN0646312634.
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- Lewis, Steven (2011).Hot Silver: Riding the Indian Pacific.Sydney: Taleist.ISBN9780980855951.
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- Smith, Keith A. (2004).Tales from a Railway Odyssey: Nullarbor Interlude: a recollection of a railway journey across Australia with Lord Louis Mountbatten.Encounter Bay, SA: Robin Rise Books.ISBN1864770406.
External links
[edit]Media related toIndian Pacificat Wikimedia Commons
Indian Pacifictravel guide from Wikivoyage
- Journey Beyond Rail Expeditions – Indian Pacific
- Trans Australian/Indian Pacific railway ephemera—collected and digitised by the National Library of Australia