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Infiniti

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused withɛ̃finiorInfinity.
This article is about the car brand. For other uses, seeInfiniti (disambiguation).
Infiniti
Company typeDivision
IndustryAutomotive
FoundedNovember 8, 1989;34 years ago(November 8, 1989)
HeadquartersNishi-ku, Yokohama
Area served
  • Americas
  • China
  • Middle East
  • Taiwan
  • International markets
Key people
Bill Bruce
(Founding General Manager)[1]
Craig Keeys
(Group Vice President Infiniti Americas)
ProductsLuxury vehicles
Performance vehicles
ServicesAutomotive financing
ParentNissan
Websiteinfiniti

Infiniti(インフィニティ,IPA:[iɰ̃ɸiniti])(stylized asINFINITI)[2]is theluxury vehicledivision of the Japanese automakerNissan,marketing having begun on November 8, 1989, in North America. The marketing network for Infiniti vehicles included dealers in over 50 countries in the 2010s.[3]As of 2020, there were 25 markets served by new car dealers, primarily North America, China, Taiwan, and the Middle East.

According to Nissan, the Infiniti logo is a stylized representation a road extending to the horizon—and ofMount Fuji,reflecting its Japanese origins.[4]

History

[edit]

The beginning

[edit]
1989–1993Infiniti Q45

The Infiniti brand was introduced in the United States in 1989 to target the premium vehicle segments in the United States that would not have otherwise fit in with Nissan's mainstream offering, and partially influenced by thePlaza Accordof 1985. The brand was created around the same time rivalsToyotaandHondadeveloped theirLexusandAcurapremium brands, respectively.[5]As theJapanese governmentinvokedvoluntary export restraints,it became more effective for automakers to export fewer but more expensive cars to the U.S. market.

Themarquelaunched with two models, theQ45,and theM30that were previously sold at JapaneseNissan Storedealership networks. The Q45 was based on the all new second generationJDMNissan Presidenton a five millimeter shorter wheelbaseplatformat 2,875 mm (113.2 in). Starting with model year 1992, the wheelbase matched the President's wheelbase at 2880 mm (113.4 in). The Q45 included a 278 hp (207 kW; 282 PS) V8 engine,four wheel steering,andactive suspensionsystem offered on the first generation Q45t. The car's features would have made it competitive in the full-sized "luxury" segment against theMercedes S-Class,BMW 7 Series,Jaguar XJandCadillac Fleetwood.

1990Infiniti M30

A second model was introduced in November 1989, the two-doorM30,abadge engineeredNissan Leopard.It remained in production for three years as an alternative to theLexus SC.The powertrain was theVG30E162 hp (121 kW; 164 PS) engine and an automatic transmission. The M30 coupe was underpowered for its stock weight of 3,333 lb (1,512 kg). The M30 convertible weighed even more, due to the required body and chassis reinforcements. The appearance of the M30 had almost no resemblance to the larger Q45, and the interior was almost completely different.

Infiniti did not offer amid-luxurysedan to match the first Japanese luxury sedan introduced to North America, theAcura Legend,which was later joined by theLexus GS.Infiniti's first offering in the entry-level luxury segment was theInfiniti J30,which had to compete with the revised 1992Lexus ESand was unsuccessful owing to its small interior and unusual styling to which it was succeeded in 1996 by theInfiniti Iseries introduced previously in April 1995, related to theNissan Maximaand in 2002 by theInfiniti G35.

Infiniti's global network includes over 230 dealers in 15 countries.[6]

1990s

[edit]
1990Infiniti G20
1992Infiniti J30
1997–2000Infiniti QX4

In September 1990, Infiniti introduced a third model, theInfiniti G20,derived from the compact and European-focusedNissan Primera.

In 1992 for the 1993 model year, Infiniti introduced afour-door coupéJ30with only one engine option, the 210 hp (157 kW; 213 PS)VG30DE.This engine was from the 222 hp (166 kW; 225 PS)300ZX,the JDMNissan Cedric,Nissan Gloriaand theNissan Cima,and was the North American version of the third generation JDMNissan Leopard.[citation needed]

Infiniti sales were slow. The company's initial campaign aimed to bring about brand awareness withZen-influenced spots that focused on nature and tranquility, without showing the actual cars.[7][8]Designers decided not to adorn the interiors with wood accents and chrome brightwork, opting instead for amonochrome,organic and rounded surface appearance, focusing on padded leather and vinyl throughout. Some buyers had faux wood appliques added to areas surrounding the center console and around the interior door handles. The only item that had a bright appearance was the centrally installedanalog clockin all models, a design that is currently maintained by the designers.

By the mid-1990s, Infiniti was lagging behindLexusandAcurain sales. The Q45 had retreated considerably from its focused, taut rendition of a sporty full-size luxury sedan, having become a barely recognizable, ponderously handling sedan that earned the nickname "The Japanese Lincoln". In the summer of 1998, Infiniti revived theG20,based on the JDMNissan Primera,a compact sport sedan. The second generation G20 was marketed as a competitor to European entry-level luxury sport sedans, but it now weighed more than the first generation version. Because Infiniti continued to use theSR20DEfour-cylinder engine and compact size, it fell short of sales expectations. The G20 was also marketed primarily to the wrong demographic, that being middle-aged professional women, and as such it was not as popular new as its main competition, the similarly pricedAcura Integra.

In late 1996, Infiniti released theQX4,modifying and adding premium accommodations to theNissan Pathfinder,becoming one of the first luxury car manufacturers to offer a mid-size premium SUV.

Infiniti replaced the J30 mid-sized rear drive sedan with the second-generation JDMNissan Cefiro,giving it the North American designation "I30" in 1996. It offered one engine, the 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp)VQ30DEwith front wheel drive shared with the Maxima. The I30 was redesigned for the 2000 model year, featuring an increase in power to 231 PS (170 kW; 227 hp). Infiniti made further changes to the I30's appearance and performance in mid-2001, upgrading the engine to the more powerful 259 PS (190 kW; 255 hp)VQ35DE;this inspired a name change to the vehicle, which became the I35. Sales and the brand, bereft of an image or a following, floundered.

2000s

[edit]
2001–2004Infiniti I35
2008Infiniti G37Sport

By 2000, large Japanese companies were feeling the effect of theJapanese asset price bubble,and the reduced desirability of Infinitis led to it facing extinction. The company rededicated itself to developing a dynamic and powerful line-up of sporty luxury cars. This coincided with parent company Nissan entering into an alliance with Renault under the direction of Carlos Ghosn and theNissan Revival Plan.Car and Driverreported that Infiniti executives invited members of the motoring press to a meeting where they "swore never again to take their eyes offBMW."[citation needed]Although this effort began with a completely redesignedQ45flagship for the 2002 model year in early 2001, it was theG35that helped improve Infiniti sales by 2003. In Japan, Nissan had a well established reputation with premium level performance sedans after Nissan acquired thePrince Motor Companyand integrated theNissan Skyline,Nissan LaurelandNissan Gloria,originally Prince vehicles, in 1966–1968. A sports sedan replacing itsNissan Primera-based predecessor (theG20), theNissan Skyline-based Infiniti G35, was successful after it was votedMotor Trend Car of the Yearin 2003.

The release of the sport-tunedFX35/45crossoverthat same year piggybacked on the G35's success. The FX used the same components as the G35 sport coupe and was designed for American tastes. It combined good handling and performance withstation wagon-like versatility and all-weather capability. In 2004, Infiniti added an all-wheel drive version of the G35 sports sedan to compete with similar all-wheel drive sports sedans fromAudiandBMW.Infiniti also introduced a larger SUV to compete with theToyota Land Cruiser/Lexus LX470. This was the 2004Infiniti QX56based on the U.S. marketNissan Armada.

Nissan Motors President and CEO,Carlos Ghosn,developed abusiness strategyto break Infiniti away from its Nissan roots. The G series helped re-define Infiniti as the "Japanese BMW", as it was aimed directly at the BMW 3 Series of sedans and coupes.[9]The M35/M45 garnered acclaim from the automotive press, winning an eight-car comparison test inCar and Driver,and the model was named the best luxury sedan byConsumer Reports.[citation needed]The M45 model featured the same engine as the Q45, and the M45 became the flagship model after the Q45 was discontinued. The Infiniti M (2002–2005) and the Infiniti G (starting in 2002) were known in Japan as the Nissan Gloria and the Nissan Skyline.

In November 2006 for the 2007 model year a redesigned version of the G35 sedan was launched, followed in August 2007 by a new version of the company's G coupe, the G37. The coupe was first unveiled at theNew York International Auto Showin April 2007. Also released in (December) 2007 was newInfiniti EX35compact crossover, Infiniti's entry into the compact luxury crossover market. The EX shared the G35's 3.5-liter, 306 hp (228 kW), V6 engine.

Carlos Ghosn unveiled Infiniti's arrival in Europe at the2008 Geneva Motor Show.[10]The official launch was late 2008, and was phased over a two-year period across 21 European countries. Four models are offered in Europe: the next generation of theInfiniti FX37 andInfiniti FX50 performance SUV, theInfiniti G37,theInfiniti G37coupe, and theInfiniti EX37 crossover. Infiniti Europe's headquarters are in Rolle, Switzerland.[11]

2010s

[edit]
Infiniti M56
Infiniti JX35

Carlos Ghosnunveiled theInfiniti Mat a hotel in Los Angeles. It shares theVQ37VHRfrom theInfiniti G,andNissan 370Z.Featured are new powertrains: the 5.6 L V8 (VK56VD) withVVEL,Gasoline direct injection,the Nissan-RenaultV9X EngineV6 Turbo Diesel (only for Europe), and the newly developed hybrid that includes one electric motor and two clutches to allow the gas engine and electric motor to drive the rear wheels simultaneously. The lithium-ion battery pack was first displayed in theEssenceconcept car.

At the2010 Geneva Motor Show,Infiniti launched a new powertrain for Europe, with the newV9X Enginedeveloped by theRenault-Nissan Alliance.The new engine is used in theInfiniti FX,Infiniti EX,and the newInfiniti M.The new Infiniti M made its European debut at the show.

In August 2010 Infiniti unveiled its new performance division namedInfiniti Performance Line,or IPL.[12]Soon thereafter in 2011, Infiniti chose to sponsor theRenaultengines forRed Bull Racingfor the2011 Formula One season.[13]

As of 2011, theGSeries (consisting of the sedan, coupe, and convertible) accounted for 60% of sales. This was attributed to their SUVs (including crossovers) which were seen as aimed at the narrowest of niches, a lost opportunity as SUVs were popular in the U.S. market. In contrast, at archrival Lexus, SUVs contributed half of the sales volume. In 2011, Infiniti sales fell, while other import luxury vehicles were doing well.[14]Furthermore, Infiniti's performance over practicality emphasis has resulted in its crossovers and SUVs faring poorly among women compared to offerings from Acura and Lexus.[15]

Nissan announced the return offront-wheel driveto the Infiniti lineup on August 30, 2011, with the release of theInfiniti JX.[16]It joinsToyota'sLexusbrand in terms of blendingfront-wheel driveandrear-wheel drivevehicles again; since its inception in 1989, Lexus has had front-wheel drive platforms underpinning entry-level vehicles like theLexus ESandLexus RX.More importantly, the JX was meant to give Infiniti a credible rival to theAcura MDXandBMW X5crossovers that offer optional three-row seating.[17][15]

In 2012, Infiniti moved its global headquarters from the Nissan corporate building in Yokohama and incorporated inHong KongasInfiniti Global Limited,withCarlos Ghosnintending for Infiniti to have a greater focus on the burgeoning luxury market in mainland China as it forecast the country to become the largest luxury car market.[18]Nissan appointed Roland Krüger, former head ofBMW's Asian division, as president of Infiniti in September 2014.[19]

In mid-2013 Infiniti announced their Q30 Concept car would get its world premiere at the2013 Frankfurt Motor Show,a move which would see Infiniti start an aggressivestrategyto extend the Infiniti brand into newpremiumsegments.[20]In 2013, Infiniti's model designation changed to the coupes and sedans starting with the letter Q (SUVs and crossovers starting with the letters QX) and a number reflecting the model's place in the brand lineup. The M sedan became the Q70 while the G sedan was replaced with the Q50; meanwhile, the QX56 became the QX80 while the EX became the QX50.[21]

In August 2013 Infiniti announced that Simone Piattelli Palmarini would take up the role as head ofpublic relationsfor Infiniti EMEA. Known to many in themedia,Simone had previously worked forPirelliandFerrari.[22]

With itsQX60crossover (formerly known as JX35) Infiniti began to produce vehicles outside Japan.[18]In 2014, it started producing two models inXiangyang,China, a plant operated by Nissan's joint venture withDongfeng Motor.[18]At the same time,Nissan Motor Manufacturing UKexpanded inSunderland,England,to produce a new compact car namedQ30in 2015.[18]In mid-2019, the Sunderland plant ceased assembly of Infiniti vehicles in the United Kingdom.

Infiniti Q50 S Hybrid

Johan de Nysschen was appointed to head the Infiniti division in 2012.[23]De Nysschen left the company as of August 2014 to become CEO ofCadillac.Infiniti ChairmanAndy Palmerassumed de Nysschen's responsibilities.[24]Nissan appointed Roland Krüger, former head ofBMW's Asian division, as president of Infiniti after the chairman of the marque, Andy Palmer, resigned to joinAston Martinin September 2014.[19]

In January 2018, chief executive Hiroto Saikawa announced that the Infiniti brand would be transformed into an electric brand, with all new vehicles either being hybrid or all-electric by 2021.[25]

In 2019, Infiniti announced that the brand would be leaving the Western European market. This is due to a combination of poor sales and the uncertainBrexitoutcome. Furthermore, Infiniti was lacking brand equity and remained a niche player in the premium car market dominated by the longtime three German luxury marques (Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz).[5][26][27]Infiniti stated its intent to focus on the Chinese (excluding Hong Kong and Macau), Middle East, and North American markets instead, where most of the brand's sales come from. Subsequently, theQX30andQ30produced at the Nissan factory in Sunderland were to cease production.[28][29][30]Similarly, on September 3, 2019, it was announced that Infiniti would leaveAustraliaandNew Zealanddue to slow sales in the region.[31][32]

Accordingly, Infiniti left the European (with the exception of Caucasus, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine), South African, Australian, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysian, Singaporean, South Korean, and Vietnamese markets in 2020. In South Korea, sales of Nissan and Infiniti had dropped after "consumer sentiment against Japanese products intensified", leading to both marques being discontinued there, as the Nissan Motor Company never made a profit in South Korea during its tenure in the South Korean auto market from 2005 until its exit in 2020, due to the Korean opposition towards everything associated with Japan.[33]It also relocated its headquarters from Hong Kong to Yokohama, Japan, where parent company Nissan is located.[34]

In November 2021, Nissan stated that its Infiniti brand will become 100 percent all-electric by 2030, ending production and new car sales of fossil fuel powered Infiniti vehicles by that year.[35][36]

In March 2022, Nissan withdrew entirely from Russia and Belarus as a result of the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,effectively ending all production in Russia, exports into Russia and Belarus, and new car sales of Nissan and Infiniti vehicles in those countries as a result of huge sanctions imposed on Russia and Belarus by the European Union, Japan, United Kingdom, and the United States.[37]

Sales by calendar year

[edit]
Year U.S.[38] Canada[39] Europe China[40] Mexico Middle East Asia & Oceania Taiwan Worldwide
1999 72,637[41]
2000 88,351
2001 71,365
2002 87,911
2003 118,655
2004 130,980 7,841
2005 136,401 7,672
2006 121,146 6,779
2007 127,037 6,756
2008 112,989 8,159 453
2009 81,089 7,081 1,319
2010 103,411 8,233 2,393
2011 98,461 6,936 3,686
2012 119,877 7,993 2,995
2013 116,455 8,947 2,451[42] 17,084[42] 1,006[42] 5,652[42] 2,357[42] 164,052[42]
2014 117,330 10,082 4,800[42] 30,000[42] 1,500[42] 7,100[42] 4,600[42] 186,200[42]
2015 133,498 11,300 7,000[43] 40,200[43] 1,800[43] 8,300[43] 5,700[43] 215,250[43]
2016 138,293 12,114 13,775 41,731[44] 1,983[45] 230,366[45]
2017 153,415 12,433 16,625[45] 48,408[44] 6,141[45] 6,552[45] 2,440[45] 246,492[45]
2018 149,280 12,581
2019 117,708 10,974
2020 79,502 5,783
2021 58,553 5,838
2022 46,619 5,446
2023 64,699 5,208

Models

[edit]
Main article:List of Infiniti vehicles

Infiniti's former model name designation included one letter forcoupésandsedans,two letters forSUVs,and a number reflecting engine displacement. For example, theQX56was an SUV featuring a 5.6L engine. An exception to this was theQX4SUV, which featured a 3.3L engine (1996–2000) and later a 3.5L engine (2000–2003). An "x"following the engine displacement of Infiniti sedans denoted anall wheel drivemodel (e.g.Infiniti G35x), "s"denoted a sport package,"h"denoted a hybrid model, and"d"denoted a diesel model.

In 2013, Infiniti's model designation changed to the coupes and sedans starting with the letter Q, the SUVs and crossovers starting with the letters QX, and a number reflecting the model's place in the brand lineup. The M sedan became the Q70, the G coupe became the Q60, and the G sedan became the Q50; meanwhile, the QX56 became the QX80, the FX became the QX70, the JX became the QX60 and the EX became the QX50.[21]

Concept vehicles

[edit]
Infiniti EssenceConcept
Infiniti Emerg-eConcept

Infiniti Performance Line

[edit]
Further information:Infiniti Performance Line

In August 2010, Infiniti unveiled its new performance marque namedInfiniti Performance Line,or IPL.[12]

Motorsports

[edit]

In 1996, Nissan launched an effort to compete in theIndy Racing Leaguewith the Infiniti brand.[46]The engine chosen for the Indy cars was a racing variant of theVH engineused in the productionQ45s.Eddie Cheeverresulted third in the 2000 season. The IRL program was quietly wrapped after the 2002 season after a few wins.[47]

In 2011, Infiniti began sponsoringFormula OneteamRed Bull Racing,[48]which was chosen due to the team's already existing collaboration with the Renault-Nissan Alliance, with Renault supplying engines to Red Bull Racing.[49]In 2011, Infiniti signed Formula One World ChampionSebastian Vettelas its first global ambassador.[50]Infiniti ended its sponsorship of the team after the 2015 season.

The establishment of Renault F1 Team in 2016 by the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance provided Infiniti with the opportunity to evolve its involvement in Formula One,[51]collaborating on three main projects.[52]Infiniti contributes engineering resources to Renault F1 Team for the co-development of the Power Unit's Energy Recovery System (ERS), including relocating several of their specialists to the Renault F1 Team's facilities in France.[53]In addition, the Infiniti Engineering Academy provides for engineering students to collaborate with the Renault F1 Team.[54][55]Infiniti and the Renault F1 team also collaborate on Project Black S, a road car that features an ERS inspired by the one used in Formula One.[56][57][58]

In 2020, a few Infiniti Q50s were entered into theBritish Touring Car Championshipby Laser Tools Racing. They won the drivers' championship withAsh Suttonat the wheel that year and the subsequent year.

References

[edit]
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