Information exchange
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Information exchangeorinformation sharingmeans that people or other entities pass information from one to another. This could be done electronically or through certain systems.[1]These are terms that can either refer to bidirectionalinformation transferintelecommunicationsandcomputer scienceorcommunicationseen from asystem-theoreticorinformation-theoreticpoint of view. As "information," in this context invariably refers to (electronic)datathat encodes and represents[2]the information at hand, a broader treatment can be found underdata exchange.
Information exchangehas a long history ininformation technology.[3]Traditional information sharing referred to one-to-one exchanges of data between a sender and receiver. Online information sharing gives useful data to businesses for future strategies based on online sharing.[4]Theseinformation exchangesare implemented via dozens of open and proprietaryprotocols,message, and file formats. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is a successful implementation of commercial data exchanges that began in the late 1970s and remains in use today.[5]
Some controversy comes when discussing regulations regarding information exchange.[6]Initiatives to standardize information sharing protocols include extensible markup language (XML), simple object access protocol (SOAP), and web services description language (WSDL).
From the point of view of a computer scientist, the four primary information sharingdesign patternsare sharing informationone-to-one,one-to-many,many-to-many,andmany-to-one.Technologies to meet all four of these design patterns are evolving and includeblogs,wikis,really simple syndication,tagging,andchat.
One example of United States government's attempt to implement one of these design patterns (one to one) is theNational Information Exchange Model(NIEM).[7][8]One-to-one exchange models fall short of supporting all of the required design patterns needed to fully implement data exploitation technology.
Advanced information sharing platforms providecontrolled vocabularies,data harmonization,data stewardshippolicies and guidelines, standards for uniform data as they relate toprivacy,security,anddata quality.
Information Sharing, Intelligence Reform, and Terrorism Prevention Act[edit]
The terminformation sharinggained popularity as a result of the9/11 CommissionHearings and itsreportof theUnited States government's lack of response to information known about the plannedterroristattack on theNew York CityWorld Trade Centerprior to the event. The resulting commission report led to the enactment of several executive orders byPresident Bushthat mandated agencies to implement policies to "share information" across organizational boundaries. In addition, an Information Sharing Environment Program Manager[9](PM-ISE) was appointed, tasked to implement the provisions of theIntelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Actof 2004.[10]In making recommendation toward the creation of an "Information Sharing Environment" the 9/11 Commission based itself on the findings and recommendations made by theMarkleTask Force on National Security in the Information Age.[11]
See also[edit]
- Channel (communications)
- Communications protocol
- Sexual recombinationenables cross-pollination in bio[12]
- Data mapping
- Electronic data interchange
- Fusion center
- Information Exchange Gateway
- Knowledge sharing
- Semi-structured data
- Data interchange standards
- Health information exchange
- Cyberinfrastructure
References[edit]
- ^"INFORMATION EXCHANGE | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary".dictionary.cambridge.org.Retrieved2019-04-22.
- ^"Information Representation".Archived fromthe originalon 2015-04-30.Retrieved2015-06-29.
- ^Young-Ybarra, Candace; Wiersema, Margarethe (August 1999)."Strategic Flexibility in Information Technology Alliances: The Influence of Transaction Cost Economics and Social Exchange Theory".Organization Science.10(4): 439–459.doi:10.1287/orsc.10.4.439.ISSN1047-7039.
- ^Hajli, Nick; Lin, Xiaolin (1 January 2016). "Exploring the Security of Information Sharing on Social Networking Sites: The Role of Perceived Control of Information".Journal of Business Ethics.133:111–123.doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2346-x.S2CID143957530.
- ^Lee, Sai Leong; Ainin, Sulaiman; Dezdar, Shahin; Mallasi, Hisham (1 January 2015). "Electronic data interchange adoption from technological, organisational and environmental perspectives".International Journal of Business Information Systems.18(3): 299–320.doi:10.1504/IJBIS.2015.068166.
- ^Stasser, Garold; Stewart, Dennis D.; Wittenbaum, Gwen M. (May 1995). "Expert Roles and Information Exchange during Discussion: The Importance of Knowing Who Knows What".Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.31(3): 244–265.doi:10.1006/jesp.1995.1012.
- ^NIEM
- ^"NIEM | National Information Exchange Model".NIEM | National Information Exchange Model.Retrieved2019-04-29.
- ^"Program Manager for the Information Sharing Environment".Archived fromthe originalon 2006-12-12.Retrieved2017-11-02.
- ^"About the ISE".
- ^Markle Task Force on National Security in the Information Age
- ^Lones, Michael (2003)."6".Enzyme Genetic Programming(Ph.D.). University of York, Heslington.Retrieved7 Aug2015.
After all, recombination enables co-operative evolution by allowing information exchange within a population.
