Inuktitut syllabics

Inuktitut syllabics
Inuktitut syllabics;
	Inuktitut syllabary.Extra characters with dots represent long vowels; When romanised, the vowel is duplicated.
Script type	Abugida
Time period	1870s–present
Direction	Left-to-right
Languages	Inuktitut
Related scripts
Parent systems	Cree syllabics Canadian Aboriginal syllabics Inuktitut syllabics; ;
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Cans(440),Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics
Unicode
Unicode alias	Canadian Aboriginal
Unicode range	Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics, U+1400–167F (chart)
	This article containsphonetic transcriptionsin theInternational Phonetic Alphabet(IPA).For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.For the distinction between[ ],/ /and ⟨⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

This article containsCanadian Aboriginal syllabic characters.Without properrendering support,you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbolsinstead of syllabics.

A bilingualstop signinNunavutdisplaying text in both Inuktitut syllabics and the EnglishLatin Alpha bet.The Inuktitutᓄᖅᑲᕆᑦtransliterates asnuqqarit.

Inuktitut syllabics(Inuktitut:ᖃᓂᐅᔮᖅᐸᐃᑦ,romanized:qaniujaaqpait,^[1]orᑎᑎᕋᐅᓯᖅ ᓄᑖᖅ,titirausiq nutaaq) is anabugida-typewriting systemused in Canada by theInuktitut-speakingInuitof theterritoryofNunavutand theNunavikandNunatsiavutregions ofQuebecandLabrador,respectively. In 1976, the Language Commission of the Inuit Cultural Institute made it the co-official script for theInuit languages,along with theLatin script.

The nameqaniujaaqpait[qaniujaːqpaˈit]derives from the rootqaniq,meaning "mouth". The alternative, Latin-based writing system is namedqaliujaaqpait(ᖃᓕᐅᔮᖅᐸᐃᑦ), and it derives fromqaliit,a word describing the markings or the grain in rocks.Titirausiq nutaaq[titiʁauˈsiqnuˈtaːq]meaning "new writing system" is to be seen in contrast totitirausiit nutaunngittut(ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓰᑦ ᓄᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ), the "old syllabics" used before the reforms of 1976.^[2]

History

The first efforts to write Inuktitut came fromMoravianmissionaries inGreenlandandLabradorin the mid-19th century using Latin script. The first book printed in Inuktitut usingCree scriptwas an 8-page pamphlet known asSelections from theGospelsin the dialect of the Inuit ofLittle Whale River(ᒋᓴᓯᑊ ᐅᑲᐤᓯᐣᑭᐟ,"Jesus' words" ),^[3]printed byJohn Hordenin 1855–56 atMoose Factoryfor Edwin Arthur Watkins to use among the Inuit atFort George.In November 1865, Horden and Watkins met in London underHenry Venn's direction to adaptCree syllabicsto the Inuktitut language.^[4]In the 1870s,Edmund Peck,anotherAnglicanmissionary, started printing according to that standard. Other missionaries, and later linguists in the employ of theCanadianandAmericangovernments, adapted the Latin Alpha bet to the dialects of theMackenzie Riverdelta, the westernArctic islandsandAlaska.

Inuktitut is one variation onCanadian Aboriginal syllabics,and can be digitally encoded using theUnicodestandard. TheUnicode blockfor Inuktitut characters is calledUnified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics.

The consonant in the syllable can be g, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, ng, ł, or absent, and the vowel can be a, i, u, ai (now only in Nunavik), or absent.

Table

The Inuktitut script (titirausiq nutaaq) is commonly presented as a syllabary. The dots on the letters in the table mark long vowels; in the Latin transcription, the vowel is doubled. For geminate consonants, the final consonant symbol is placed before the CV syllabic, for instance-kku-, -nnu-are renderedᒃᑯ andᓐᓄ respectively.

Note: Animage of the chartis also available.

Vowel (IPA)											Final (no vowel)
/ai/^[a]		/i/			/u/			/a/			Final (no vowel)
Short	Trans.	Short	Long	Trans.	Short	Long	Trans.	Short	Long	Trans.		Trans.	IPA
ᐁ	ai	ᐃ	ᐄ	i	ᐅ	ᐆ	u	ᐊ	ᐋ	a
ᐯ	pai	ᐱ	ᐲ	pi	ᐳ	ᐴ	pu	ᐸ	ᐹ	pa	ᑉ	p	/p/
ᑌ	tai	ᑎ	ᑏ	ti	ᑐ	ᑑ	tu	ᑕ	ᑖ	ta	ᑦ	t	/t/
ᑫ	kai	ᑭ	ᑮ	ki	ᑯ	ᑰ	ku	ᑲ	ᑳ	ka	ᒃ	k	/k/
ᕴ	hai	ᕵ	ᕶ	hi	ᕷ	ᕸ	hu	ᕹ	ᕺ	ha	ᕻ	h^[b]	/h/
ᒉ	gai	ᒋ	ᒌ	gi	ᒍ	ᒎ	gu	ᒐ	ᒑ	ga	ᒡ	g	/ɡ/-/ɣ/
ᒣ	mai	ᒥ	ᒦ	mi	ᒧ	ᒨ	mu	ᒪ	ᒫ	ma	ᒻ	m	/m/
ᓀ	nai	ᓂ	ᓃ	ni	ᓄ	ᓅ	nu	ᓇ	ᓈ	na	ᓐ	n	/n/
ᓭ	sai	ᓯ	ᓰ	si/hi	ᓱ	ᓲ	su/hu	ᓴ	ᓵ	sa/ha	ᔅ	s/h^[c]	/s/-/h/
		𑪶	𑪷	ši	𑪸	𑪹	šu	𑪺	𑪻	ša		š^[d]	/ʂ/
		𑪰	𑪱	hi	𑪲	𑪳	hu	𑪴	𑪵	ha		h^[e]	/h/
ᓓ	lai	ᓕ	ᓖ	li	ᓗ	ᓘ	lu	ᓚ	ᓛ	la	ᓪ	l	/l/
ᔦ	jai	ᔨ	ᔩ	ji	ᔪ	ᔫ	ju	ᔭ	ᔮ	ja	ᔾ	j	/j/
ᑦᔦ	jjai	ᑦᔨ	ᑦᔩ	jji	ᑦᔪ	ᑦᔫ	jju	ᑦᔭ	ᑦᔮ	jja	ᑦᔾ	jj	/jː/
		ᖨ	ᖩ	ři	ᖪ	ᖫ	řu	ᖬ	ᖭ	řa	ᖮ	ř^[f]	/ɟ/
ᕓ	vai	ᕕ	ᕖ	vi	ᕗ	ᕘ	vu	ᕙ	ᕚ	va	ᕝ	v	/v/
ᕂ	rai	ᕆ	ᕇ	ri	ᕈ	ᕉ	ru	ᕋ	ᕌ	ra	ᕐ	r	/ʁ/
ᙯ	qai	ᕿ	ᖀ	qi	ᖁ	ᖂ	qu	ᖃ	ᖄ	qa	ᖅ	q	/q/
ᖅᑫ	qqai	ᖅᑭ	ᖅᑮ	qqi	ᖅᑯ	ᖅᑰ	qqu	ᖅᑲ	ᖅᑳ	qqa	ᖅᒃ	qq^[g]	/qː/
ᙰ	ngai	ᖏ	ᖐ	ngi	ᖑ	ᖒ	ngu	ᖓ	ᖔ	nga	ᖕ^[h]	ng^[i]	/ŋ/
		ᙱ	ᙲ	nngi	ᙳ	ᙴ	nngu	ᙵ	ᙶ	nnga	ᖖ^[j]	nng^[k]	/ŋː/
		ᖠ	ᖡ	łi	ᖢ	ᖣ	łu	ᖤ	ᖥ	ła	ᖦ	ł^[l]	/ɬ/
											ᖯ	b^[m]	/b/
											ᕼ	h^[n]	/h/
											ᑊ	ʼ	/ʔ/

^Found inNunavik(ᓄᓇᕕᒃ)
^Found in Nunavik (ᓄᓇᕕᒃ)
^sin easternNunavutbuthin western Nunavut
^Found inNatsilingmiutut(ᓇᑦᓯᖕᒥᐅᑐᑦ)
^Found in Natsilingmiutut (ᓇᑦᓯᖕᒥᐅᑐᑦ)
^Found in Natsilingmiutut (ᓇᑦᓯᖕᒥᐅᑐᑦ)
^Found in Nunavut (ᓄᓇᕗᑦ)
^ᖕ is a ᓐᒡ ligature in most areas but a ᓐᒃ ligature in Nunavik^[5]^[6](which may resemble⁸)^{[citation needed]}
^These are generally romanized asng,but in Natsilingmiutut asŋ
^ᖖ is a ᓐᓐᒡ ligature in most areas but either a ᓐᓐᒃ ligature or a doubled ᓐᒃ (ᓐᒃᓐᒃ) ligature in Nunavik^[6](which may resemble ᓐ⁸or⁸⁸,respectively)^{[citation needed]}
^These are generally romanized asnng,but in Natsilingmiutut asŋŋ
^Found in North Qikiqtaaluk, Natsilingmiutut,AivilingmiututandPaallirmiutut;occasionally transcribed as&
^Found in Aivilingmiutut
^Found in Nunavut (ᓄᓇᕗᑦ)

Modifications

TheMakivik Corporationexpanded the official version of the script to restore theai-pai-taicolumn. The commondiphthongaihas generally been represented by combining theaform with a stand-alone letter ᐃi.^{[example needed]}This fourth-vowel variant had been removed so that Inuktitut could be typed and printed usingIBM Selectric ballsin the 1970s. The reinstatement was justified on the grounds that modern printing and typesetting equipment no longer suffers the restrictions of earlier typewriting machinery. Theai-pai-taicolumn is used only in Nunavik.

References

^"Writing the Inuit Language | Inuktut Tusaalanga".tusaalanga.ca.Retrieved2019-07-02.
^Lorraine E. Brandson (1994).Carved from the land: the Eskimo Museum collection.Diocese of Churchill–Hudson Bay. p. 81.ISBN 978-0-9693266-1-8.
^"Aboriginal syllabic scripts".Library and Archives Canada Blog. June 11, 2015.
^Harper, Kenn (2012-08-10)."The First Inuktitut Language Conference".Nunatsiaq News.Archived fromthe originalon 2018-11-29.
^King, Kevin."Inuktut Syllabics – Fonts Knowledge".Google Fonts.Google.Archivedfrom the original on 24 December 2023.Retrieved24 December2023.
^^a ^b"Canadian Native Languages (Version 1.2)"(PDF).Tiro Typeworks. 30 April 2009.Archived(PDF)from the original on 25 Dec 2022.Retrieved24 December2023.

External links

Interactive syllabic chart with sound:https://tusaalanga.ca/pronunciation
Inuktitut script at Omniglot
Inuktitut syllabics at Languagegeek
Inuktitut Roman-Syllabics, Syllabics-Roman transliteration

[5] Found inNunavik(ᓄᓇᕕᒃ)

[6] Found in Nunavik (ᓄᓇᕕᒃ)

[7] sin easternNunavutbuthin western Nunavut

[8] Found inNatsilingmiutut(ᓇᑦᓯᖕᒥᐅᑐᑦ)

[9] Found in Natsilingmiutut (ᓇᑦᓯᖕᒥᐅᑐᑦ)

[10] Found in Natsilingmiutut (ᓇᑦᓯᖕᒥᐅᑐᑦ)

[11] Found in Nunavut (ᓄᓇᕗᑦ)

[14] ᖕ is a ᓐᒡ ligature in most areas but a ᓐᒃ ligature in Nunavik^[5]^[6](which may resemble⁸)^{[citation needed]}

[15] These are generally romanized asng,but in Natsilingmiutut asŋ

[16] ᖖ is a ᓐᓐᒡ ligature in most areas but either a ᓐᓐᒃ ligature or a doubled ᓐᒃ (ᓐᒃᓐᒃ) ligature in Nunavik^[6](which may resemble ᓐ⁸or⁸⁸,respectively)^{[citation needed]}

[17] These are generally romanized asnng,but in Natsilingmiutut asŋŋ

[18] Found in North Qikiqtaaluk, Natsilingmiutut,AivilingmiututandPaallirmiutut;occasionally transcribed as&

[19] Found in Aivilingmiutut

[20] Found in Nunavut (ᓄᓇᕗᑦ)

[1] "Writing the Inuit Language | Inuktut Tusaalanga".tusaalanga.ca.Retrieved2019-07-02.

[2] Lorraine E. Brandson (1994).Carved from the land: the Eskimo Museum collection.Diocese of Churchill–Hudson Bay. p. 81.ISBN 978-0-9693266-1-8.

[3] "Aboriginal syllabic scripts".Library and Archives Canada Blog. June 11, 2015.

[4] Harper, Kenn (2012-08-10)."The First Inuktitut Language Conference".Nunatsiaq News.Archived fromthe originalon 2018-11-29.

[google-fonts-12] King, Kevin."Inuktut Syllabics – Fonts Knowledge".Google Fonts.Google.Archivedfrom the original on 24 December 2023.Retrieved24 December2023.

[tiro-13] "Canadian Native Languages (Version 1.2)"(PDF).Tiro Typeworks. 30 April 2009.Archived(PDF)from the original on 25 Dec 2022.Retrieved24 December2023.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[g]

[h]

[i]

[j]

[k]

[l]

[m]

[n]

[5]

[6]

Inuktitut syllabics

History

Table

Modifications

See also

References

Further reading

External links