Ironwood
Ironwoodis a common name for manywoodsor plants that have a reputation forhardness,or specifically a wood density that is heavier than water (approximately 1000 kg/m3,or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.
Some of the species with their common name[edit]
- Acacia aulacocarpa(Brush ironwood)
- Acacia estrophiolata(Southern ironwood), central Australia[1]
- Acacia excelsa(Ironwood)
- Acacia melanoxylon(Ironwood)
- Acacia stenophylla(Ironwood), Australia
- Aegiphila martinicensis(Ironwood)
- Afzelia africana(Ironwood)
- Androstachys johnsonii(Lebombo ironwood), southeastern Africa andMadagascar[2]
- Allagoptera caudescens,Borassus flabellifer,Caryota urens,Iriartea deltoideaBlack Palm, Palmira wood (Black ironwood)
- Argania spinosa(Morocco ironwood, Thorny, Prickly ironwood)
- Astronium fraxinifolium,Astronium urundeuva(Ironwood)
- Backhousia bancroftii(Bancroft's ironwood)
- Backhousia citriodora(Lemon ironwood), northeastern Australia
- Backhousia myrtifolia(Carrol ironwood, Ironwood)
- (Backhousia subargenteaSyn.:Choricarpia subargentea) (Giant ironwood), eastern Australia[3]
- Bridelia micrantha(Benin or Yoruba ironwood),Bridelia atroviridis(Yoruba ironwood)
- Carpinus carolinianaAmerican hornbeam (Ironwood, Blue-beech ironwood, Smooth-barked ironwood), eastern North America[4]
- Casuarinaceae,She-oaks in general, Southeast Asia (Australian ironwood)
- Allocasuarinaspp.;Allocasuarina luehmannii,Allocasuarina torulosa,Allocasuarina inophloia(Ironwood),Allocasuarina verticillata(Long-leaved, Longleaf ironwood, Highland or Mountain ironwood)
- Casuarina cunninghamiana(Small-cone ironwood, Australian coast ironwood, River-oak ironwood)
- Casuarina equisetifoliaToa (Beach, Coast ironwood, Pacific, Sea, South Sea or Polynesian ironwood or Short-leaf and False ironwood, Lowland Ironwood), native fromBurmasouth to Australia[5]
- Casuarina cristata(Ironwood)
- Casuarina glauca(Long-leaf Ironwood, Saltmarsh Ironwood, Blue ironwood)
- Casuarina stricta(Highland ironwood, Fodder ironwood)
- Casuarina junghuhniana(Mountain Ironwood)
- (Cenostigma pluviosumSyn.:Caesalpinia pluviosa) (Bolivian ironwood)
- Cercocarpusspp. (Ironwood),Cercocarpus betuloides(Mountain ironwood)
- Chionanthus battiscombei(Water pock ironwood, Small-fruited ironwood, Water Ornate-leaf(ved) ironwood)
- Chionanthus caymanensis(Ironwood, Cayman ironwood)
- Chioanthus compactus(White ironwood)
- Chionanthus panamensis,Chionanthus ligustrinus(Pine ridge ironwood)
- Chionanthus peglerae(Bastard black ironwood or Giant pock ironwood and Pegler's bastard ironwood, Large-leaved ironwood)
- (Citharexylum flexuosumSyn.:Citharexylum spinosum) (White ironwood)
- Cliftonia monophylla(Ironwood)
- Coccoloba pubescens(Broad-leaved ironwood)
- Colophospermum mopane(Black ironwood, Rhodesian ironwood)
- Colubrina elliptica(Ironwood, Martinique ironwood),Colubrina arborescens(West Indian ironwood)
- Combretum imberbe(Ironwood)
- Cordia subcordata(Ironwood)
- Cossinia pinnata(Judas ironwood)
- Cryptocarya lauriflora(Borneo ironwood),Cryptocarya ferrea(Java ironwood)
- Cynometra alexandri(Uganda ironwood), central and east Africa[6]
- Cyrilla racemiflora(Ironwood, Swamp ironwood)
- Dalbergia melanoxylon(African ironwood)
- Dialium guianense(Ironwood)
- Diploglottis australisSyn.:Diploglottis cunninghamii) (Australian, New Holland ironwood)
- Distylium racemosum(Japanese ironwood)
- Drypetes gerrardii(Bastard white ironwood, Forest ironwood)
- Erythrophleum chlorostachysSteelwood (Cooktown ironwood, Red or Northern ironwood, Leguminous ironwood, Poisonous ironwood), native to northern Australia[7]
- Erythroxylum areolatum(Cartagena ironwood, Jamaica ironwood)
- Eucalyptusspp. (Australian ironwood)
- Eugenia confusa(Red berry ironwood, Tropical ironwood)
- Eusideroxylon zwageri(Borneo ironwood, Chinese ironwood, Real or True ironwood), southeast Asia
- Exostema caribaeum(Bastard ironwood)
- Exothea paniculata(Ironwood)
- Fagraea fragrans(Sumatra or Java ironwood)
- Fagara lentiscifolia(Bastard ironwood)
- Forestiera pubescens(Ironwood)
- Forestiera pubescensvar.parvifolia(New Mexican ironwood)
- Genipa americana(Brazilian ironwood)
- Gordonia haematoxylon(Ironwood)
- Gossia bidwillii(Smooth-barked ironwood, Scrub ironwood),Gossia acmenoides(Scrub ironwood),Gossia dulcis(Ironwood),Gossia floribunda(Cape ironwood),Gossia myrsinocarpa(Malanada ironwood)
- Gymnanthes lucida(Narrow-leaf ironwood)
- (Gymnostoma nodiflorumSyn.:Casuarina nodiflora) (Knot-flowered ironwood)
- (Gymnostoma papuanumSyn.:Casuarina papuana) (Papuan ironwood)
- (Gymnostoma sumatranumSyn.: Casuarina sumatrana) (Ironwood)
- Handroanthusspp. formerlyTabebuiaspp.;Handroanthus heptaphyllus,Handroanthus serratifoliusetc., Ipê, Brazilian walnut, Lapacho, Yellow poui (Ironwood)
- Heritiera trifoliolataBlack stavewood,Heritiera actinophyllaStavewood (Ironwood)
- Holodiscus discolorOceanspray (Ironwood), western North America[8]
- Homalium dentatum,Homalium letestui(Brown ironwood),Homalium rufescens(Small-leaved brown ironwood),Homalium abdessammadii(Zambezi brown ironwood)
- Hopea odorata,Hopea parviflora(Malabar, Ceylon ironwood)
- Hypelate trifoliata(White ironwood)
- Ilex mitis(Lance-leaved ironwood, Smooth or Mild, Unarmed ironwood)
- Inhambanella henriquesii(Rock, Water or Small ironwood)
- Intsia bijuga,Intsia palembanica(Moluccan, Madagascar ironwood)
- Ixora ferrea(Ironwood, West Indian ironwood, Martinique ironwood, Red ironwood, Three-flowered ironwood)
- Jacquinia keyensis(Ironwood)
- Krugiodendron ferreum(Black ironwood, Caribbean or Guadeloupe ironwood), Caribbean
- (Libidibia ferreaSyn.: 'Caesalpinia ferrea) (Brazilian ironwood), Brazil[9]
- Lignum vitae;Guaiacum officinale,Guaiacum sanctumand Argentine, Paraguay Lignum Vitae, VerawoodBulnesia arboreaalso als Maracaibo Lignum Vitae andBulnesia sarmientoi(Ironwood)
- Lophira alata(West African ironwood, (Small) Red ironwood, Dwarf (red) ironwood, Dryzone (red) ironwood), western and central Africa[10]
- Lophira lanceolata((Dwarf) Red ironwood)
- Lyonothamnus floribundus(Catalina or Western ironwood, Island or Santa Cruz (Island) Ironwood, Lyon's Ironwood or Fern-leaved ironwood), in therose family,Channel Islands of California[11]
- Manilkara hexandra(Ceylon ironwood)
- Manilkara kauki(Moluccan ironwood)
- Mesua ferrea(Sri Lankan or Ceylon and Assam ironwood, East Indian Ironwood), southern and southeastern Asia[12]
- Metrosiderosspp. all Species (Ironwood),Metrosideros umbellata(New Zealand Ironwood),Metrosideros kermadecensis(Real or True ironwood)
- Millettia grandis(Kafir ironwood)
- Minquartia guianensis(Ironwood)
- Mouriri myrtilloides(Small-leaved ironwood)
- Myoporum obscurum(Bastard ironwood)
- Myracrodruon urundeuva(Ironwood)
- Nestegis apetala(Bastard ironwood),New ZealandandNorfolk Island[13]
- Notelaea ligustrina(Tasmanian ironwood, New-South-Wales ironwood)
- Notelaea longifolia(Norfolk-Island ironwood)
- (Noronhia foveolataSyn.:Chionanthus foveolatus) (Pock ironwood, Bastard ironwood or Cape pock ironwood, Bastard, Forest pock ironwood, Ornate-leaf(ved), Fine-leaved ironwood) native to southern Africa[14]
- Ochna holstii(Red ironwood)
- Oldfieldia africana(West African ironwood)
- Olea capensis(BastardBlack, Forest, Bushveld or False, Bastard ironwood, South African ironwood, Small and Olive ironwood, East African ironwood),Africa[15]
- Olea woodiana(Black ironwood), eastern and southern Africa[16]
- Olinia ventosa(Sproutful ironwood)
- Olneya tesota(desert ironwood, Arizona or Sonora ironwood, Mexican ironwood)
- Ostrya knowltoniiKnowlton's or Western hophornbeam (Canyon ironwood, Western Ironwood)
- Ostrya virginianaHophornbeam, (North-American, American ironwood, Canadian ironwood, Rough-barked ironwood, Eastern ironwood)
- Palicourea cardiomorphasubsp.cardiomorpha(Panicled-flowered ironwood)
- Parrotia persica(Persian ironwood, Transcaucasian ironwood)
- Parrotia subaequalis(Chinese ironwood)
- Paubrasilia echinata(Ironwood)
- Peltophorum rufum(Cochinchina ironwood)
- Pemphis acidula(Maldivian ironwood)
- Picrodendron baccatum(Black ironwood)
- Planchonella costata(Bastard ironwood)
- Planchonella obovata(Silvery ironwood, Obovate ironwood)
- Prosopis juliflora,Prosopis glandulosa(Texas ironwood),Prosopis kuntzei,Prosopis africana(Ironwood) Mesquite
- Prunus africana(Ironwood)
- QuebrachoSchinopsisspp.;Schinopsis brasiliensis,Schinopsis balansae,Schinopsis lorentziiandAspidosperma quebracho-blanco(Ironwood)
- Rapanea melanophloeos(Laurel-leaved ironwood)
- Rauvolfia sandwicensis(Hawaiian ironwood)
- Reynosia septentrionalis,Reynosa latifolia(Red ironwood)
- Rhodamnia acuminata(Cooloola ironwood)
- Rhodomyrtus trineuravar.canescens(Crater ironwood),Rhodomyrtus pervagata(Rusty ironwood)
- Rothmannia capensis(Black ironwood, Cape of Good Hope ironwood)
- Schleichera oleosa(Ironwood)
- Senegalia intsia(Indian ironwood)
- Senegalia muricata(Ironwood)
- Senegalia tenuifolia(Antillean ironwood)
- Senna siamea(Indonesian or Indian ironwood)
- Sideroxylonspp. (Ironwood);
- Sideroxylon inerme(Smooth or White ironwood, Broad-leaved, Unarmed ironwood, Cape or East African ironwood)
- Sideroxylon lanuginosumor Gum bully (Ironwood)
- Sideroxylon lycioides(American ironwood, Canada thorny ironwood, Willow-leaved, Boxthorn-leaved ironwood, Ten-threaded, Decandrous ironwood, Bumelia ironwood)
- Sideroxylon tenax(Silky(-leaved) ironwood, Silvery-leaved ironwood)
- Sideroxylon celastrinum(Ironwood)
- Sideroxylon cinereum(White ironwood, Bourbon or Mauritius ironwood)
- Sideroxylon foetidissimum(Opposite-leaved ironwood)
- Sideroxylon lanuginosum(Woolly-leaved ironwood)
- Sideroxylon reclinatum(Reclined ironwood)
- Sloanea dentata(Black ironwood, Broad-leaf ironwood)
- Sloanea jamaicensis,Sloanea sinemariensis(Ironwood)
- Stadmaniaspp. (Ironwood,Bois de fer,Mauritius ironwood),Stadmania oppositifolia(Bourbon ironwood)
- Swartziaspp.;Swartzia tomentosa(Cayenne ironwood),Swartzia bannia,Swartzia bidentata,Swartzia leiocalycina,Swartzia ingifolia,Swartzia grandifolia,Swartzia panacoco(Guiana ironwood) etc. (Ironwood, South American ironwood, Suriname ironwood)
- Terminalia canescens(Ironwood)
- Tetragastris balsamifera(West Indian ironwood)
- Thouinia striata(Ironwood, Quebracho)
- Trichilia hirta(Bastard ironwood)
- Tristaniopsis laurina(Canungra ironwood)
- Vachellia farnesiana(Ironwood)
- Vepris lanceolata(White ironwood),Vepris reflexa(Woodland white ironwood, Bushveld white ironwood, Drooping or Rock white ironwood),Vepris undulata(White ironwood),Vepris carringtoniana(Coastal white ironwood, Wing-leaved white ironwood),Vepris zambesiaca(Rare white ironwood),Vepris termitaria(Riverine white ironwood) native to South Africa
- Vernonia angustifolia(Narrow-leaf ironwood)
- Vernonia gigantea(Oval-leaved ironwood)
- Xanthostemonspecies collectively known as "Philippine ironwood", all endemic to the Philippines[17]
- Xanthostemon bracteatus(Mapilig)
- Xanthostemon fruticosus(Sierra Madre mangkono)
- Xanthostemon philippinensis(Bagoadlau)
- Xanthostemon verdugonianus(Mangkono)
- Xanthostemon speciosus(Palawan mangkono)
- Xanthostemon verus(Asian or Moluccan, Real or True ironwood)
- Xantolis tomentosa(Armed ironwood, Felty, Woolly, Downy-leaved ironwood)
- Xylia xylocarpa(Burma ironwood or Myanmar ironwood)
- Zanthoxylum fagara(Bastard, False ironwood, Yellow ironwood, Jamaica, Brazilian ironwood, Intended-leaved American ironwood)
- Zanthoxylum piperitum(Crenated-leaved ironwood)
- Zanthoxylum tragodes(Prickly-leaved American ironwood)
- Zapoteca tetragona(Antillean ironwood)
Plants named ironwood[edit]
-
-
Acacia stenophyllaflowers -
Carpinus carolinianaleaves -
Casuarina equisetifoliasubsp.incana -
Chionanthus foveolatusleaves -
Eusideroxylon zwagerileaves -
Holodiscus discolorflowers -
-
-
-
-
-
See also[edit]
- Ironwood Island (Wisconsin)
- Ironwood, Michigan
- Ironwood State Prison
- Black ironwood(disambiguation)
- Ironbark,variousEucalyptusspp.
- Iron tree (disambiguation)
- Janka hardness test
- Sideroxylon,from sideros (σιδηρος) meaning "iron", and xylon (ξύλον) meaning "wood"
- Járnviðr
References[edit]
- ^"Acacia estrophiolata F. Muell".FAO. July 9, 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-07-09.
- ^Yashe, Asavela; Hankey, Andrew (June 2020)."Androstachys johnsonii Prain".PlantZAfrica.SANBI.
- ^"Giant Ironwood - profile".Threatened species.New South Wales Office of Environment & Heritage. 2014-08-05.
- ^Metzger, F. T. (1990)."Carpinus caroliniana".In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).Hardwoods.Silvics of North America.Vol. 2.Washington, D.C.:United States Forest Service(USFS),United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
- ^Boland, D. J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, M. W. (2006).Forest trees of Australia(5th ed.). Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing. p. 82.ISBN0-643-06969-0.
- ^"Cynometra alexandri".Wood Technical Fact Sheets.USDA Forest Service.
- ^Boland, D.J.; Brooker, M.I.H; Chippendale, G.M.; Hall, N.; et al. (1984).Forest trees of Australia.Melbourne: CSIRO. p. 68.
- ^"Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim".Plants Profile.USDA. 2008.
- ^"Caesalpinia ferreaMart. ex Tul ".Germplasm Resources Information Network.Agricultural Research Service,United States Department of Agriculture.
- ^"Azobe (Lophira alata)".Wildscreen Arkive. Archived fromthe originalon 2017-03-20.Retrieved2017-03-19.
- ^Erwin, D. M. & Schorn, H. E. (2000). "Revision ofLyonothamnusA.Gray (Rosaceae) from the Neogene of Western North America ".International Journal of Plant Sciences.161(1): 179–193.doi:10.1086/314232.PMID10648208.S2CID9161661.
- ^"Mesua ferrea L. – Clusiaceae".biotik.org. Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-04.Retrieved2017-03-19.
- ^"Nestegis apetala".New Zealand Plant Conservation Network.
- ^"Chionanthus foveolatus".Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
- ^"Olea capensis".Ecocrop.FAO. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-26.Retrieved2017-03-20.
- ^"Olea woodiana".Germplasm Resources Information Network.Agricultural Research Service,United States Department of Agriculture.
- ^Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) (July–December 2021)."The Five Endemic Species of Philippine Ironwoods (Mangkono)".RISE.33(2).
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