Ishqi-Mari

Ishqi-Mari
𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷
Ishqi-Mari; 𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷
King of Mari
	Statue of Ishqi-Mari,Aleppo National Museum.Here seen at an exhibition in theInstitut du Monde Arabe,Parisin 2014.
Reign	c. 2350-2330 BCEMiddle Chronology
King of Mari

Mari

class=notpageimage|

Location of Mari, where Ishqi-Mari ruled.

Ishqi-MariorIshgi-Mari(𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷iš₁₁-gi₄-ma-rí),^[5]previously readLamgi-Mari,^[6]^[1]was a King of the secondMariotekingdom who reigned c. 2350-2330 BCE. He is one of three Mari kings known from archaeology,Ikun-Shamashprobably being the oldest one.^[7]The third king isIku-Shamagan,also known from an inscribed statue.

In their inscriptions, these Mari kings used a dialect of theAkkadian language,whereas theirSumeriancontemporaries to the south used theSumerian language.^[7]

It is thought that Ishqi-Mari was the last king of Mari before the conquest and the destruction of Mari by theAkkadian EmpireunderSargoncirca 2330 BCE.^[8]

Inscriptions[edit]

Ishqi-Mari is known from a statue with inscription.^[7]The statue is in theAleppo National Museum.^[1]^[9]^[10]The inscription on the back of the statue reads:

𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷 / 𒈗𒈠𒌷 / 𒑐𒋼𒋛𒃲 / 𒀭𒂗𒆤 / 𒊨𒋤 / 𒀀𒈾 / 𒀭𒈹𒀴 / 𒊕𒄸𒁺

ish11-gi4-ma-ri2 / lugal ma-ri2 / ensi2 gal /^Den-lil2 / dul3-su3 / a-na /^Dinanna-nita / sa12-rig9

"Ishqi-Mari, king of Mari, greatensiofEnlil,dedicated his statue toInanna"
— Statue inscription of Ishqi-Mari.^[11]^[1]^[12]

This inscription was instrumental in identifyingTell Haririwith the Mari of antiquity.^[13]

Several cylinder seals with intricate designs in the name of "Ishqi-Mari, King of Mari" are also known.^[14]

Discovery (23 January 1934)[edit]

The statue of Ishqi-Mari was discovered buried in the archaeological remains of the ancient city ofMari,in the Temple ofIshtar,by a French archaeological team led byAndré Parroton 23 January 1934.^[15]^[16]

The statue shows Ishqi-Mari with a long beard and parted and plaited hair. He wears a hairbun similar to the Sumerian royal hairbuns, such as on the headdress ofMeskalamdugor reliefs onEannatum.^[1]^[17]He wears a fringed coat leaving one shoulder bare, a type of clothing also seen on contemporaryAkkadian Empiredepictions of rulers.^[15]

Ishqi-Mari statue (front)
Ishqi-Mari statue (side)
Ishqi-Mari statue (back)

In Aleppo museum[edit]

Ishqi-Mari in profile. He wears a hairbun similar the Sumerian royal hairbuns, such as on the headdress ofMeskalamdugor reliefs onEannatum.The inscription is visible on the back of the right shoulder.^[1]
Statues fromMari.The statue of Ishqi-Mari appears partially on the left: it is much smaller than many of the traditional Mari statues.^[1]Aleppo National Museum
Ishqi-Mari (forefront, in profile), before larger figures.^[1]

Regnal titles
King Ishqi-Mari ofMari
Preceded by Hidar	King of Mari 2350-2330 BCE	Succeeded by (Akkadian Empire)

References[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hArt of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus.Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 148.ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
^"Voués à Ishtar".Institut du monde arabe(in French). 19 July 2016.
^Complete views of the statue upon discovery:Parrot, André (1935).Les fouilles de Mari (Première campagne).p. Plate VII.
^"Voués à Ishtar. Syrie, janvier 1934: André Parrot découvre Mari (2014 exhibit)"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2021-01-08.Retrieved2020-05-08.
^Beyer, Dominique (18 December 2018)."Les sceaux de Mari au IIIe millénaire: Observations sur la documentation ancienne et les données nouvelles des villes I et II".Akh Purattim 1(in French). MOM Éditions. pp. 231–260.
^𒇴𒄄𒈠𒌷
^^a ^b ^cSpycket, Agnès (1981).Handbuch der Orientalistik(in French). BRILL. p. 86.ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.
^Eppihimer, Melissa (2019).Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians.Oxford University Press. p. 147.ISBN 978-0-19-090302-2.
^Spycket, Agnès (1981).Handbuch der Orientalistik(in French). BRILL. p. 88.ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.
^Alfred Haldar (1971).Who Were the Amorites.p. 16.
^"CDLI-Archival View".cdli.ucla.edu.
^For a clear picture of the inscription:"Images of Ishqi-Mari".
^Leick, Gwendolyn (2002).Who's Who in the Ancient Near East.Routledge. p. 168.ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.
^Seal impression 1,Seal impression 2inBeyer, Dominique (18 December 2018)."Les sceaux de Mari au IIIe millénaire: Observations sur la documentation ancienne et les données nouvelles des villes I et II".Akh Purattim 1(in French). MOM Éditions. pp. 231–260.
^^a ^bLeick, Gwendolyn (2002).Who's Who in the Ancient Near East.Routledge. p. 81.ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.
^Parrot, André (1935). "Les fouilles de Mari. Première campagne (hiver 1933-34). Rapport préliminaire".Syria.16(1): 1–28.doi:10.3406/syria.1935.8338.ISSN 0039-7946.JSTOR 4389879.
^McKeon, John F. X. (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele".Boston Museum Bulletin.68(354): 237.ISSN 0006-7997.JSTOR 4171539.

[AFC-1] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hArt of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus.Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 148.ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.

[2] "Voués à Ishtar".Institut du monde arabe(in French). 19 July 2016.

[3] Complete views of the statue upon discovery:Parrot, André (1935).Les fouilles de Mari (Première campagne).p. Plate VII.

[4] "Voués à Ishtar. Syrie, janvier 1934: André Parrot découvre Mari (2014 exhibit)"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2021-01-08.Retrieved2020-05-08.

[5] Beyer, Dominique (18 December 2018)."Les sceaux de Mari au IIIe millénaire: Observations sur la documentation ancienne et les données nouvelles des villes I et II".Akh Purattim 1(in French). MOM Éditions. pp. 231–260.

[6] 𒇴𒄄𒈠𒌷

[AS-7] Spycket, Agnès (1981).Handbuch der Orientalistik(in French). BRILL. p. 86.ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.

[8] Eppihimer, Melissa (2019).Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians.Oxford University Press. p. 147.ISBN 978-0-19-090302-2.

[9] Spycket, Agnès (1981).Handbuch der Orientalistik(in French). BRILL. p. 88.ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.

[Hamblin-10] Alfred Haldar (1971).Who Were the Amorites.p. 16.

[11] "CDLI-Archival View".cdli.ucla.edu.

[12] For a clear picture of the inscription:"Images of Ishqi-Mari".

[13] Leick, Gwendolyn (2002).Who's Who in the Ancient Near East.Routledge. p. 168.ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.

[14] Seal impression 1,Seal impression 2inBeyer, Dominique (18 December 2018)."Les sceaux de Mari au IIIe millénaire: Observations sur la documentation ancienne et les données nouvelles des villes I et II".Akh Purattim 1(in French). MOM Éditions. pp. 231–260.

[WW-15] Leick, Gwendolyn (2002).Who's Who in the Ancient Near East.Routledge. p. 81.ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.

[16] Parrot, André (1935). "Les fouilles de Mari. Première campagne (hiver 1933-34). Rapport préliminaire".Syria.16(1): 1–28.doi:10.3406/syria.1935.8338.ISSN 0039-7946.JSTOR 4389879.

[17] McKeon, John F. X. (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele".Boston Museum Bulletin.68(354): 237.ISSN 0006-7997.JSTOR 4171539.

[18] Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.

[19] Hallo, W.;Simpson, W.(1971).The Ancient Near East.New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.

[20] "Rulers of Mesopotamia".cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.

[21] Thomas, Ariane;Potts, Timothy(2020).Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins.Getty Publications. p. 14.ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.

[22] Roux, Georges(1992).Ancient Iraq.Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).ISBN 978-0-14-193825-7.

[SKL-23] PerSumerian King List

[24] Unger, Merrill F.(2014).Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History.Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.ISBN 978-1-62564-606-4.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]