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Israeli Americans

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Israeli Americans
אמריקאים ישראלים(Hebrew)
IsraelUnited States
Total population
191,000
(2020American Community Survey)[1]
Regions with significant populations
New York metropolitan area,[2][3][4][5]Los Angeles metropolitan area,Miami metropolitan area,and other large metropolitan areas
Languages
English,Hebrew,Yiddish,French,Russian,Arabic, German
Religion
Majority:
Judaism
Minority:
Christianity,Druzism,Islam,other religions,andirreligion
Related ethnic groups
Arab Americans,Jewish Americans

Israeli Americans(Hebrew:אָמֵרִיקָאִים יִשׂרָאֵליִם,romanized:Ameriqaim Yiśraʾelim,orישראלים-אמריקאים) areAmericanswho are of full or partialIsraeli descent.In this category are those who are Israelis throughnationality and/or citizenship.Reflecting Israel's demographics, while the vast majority of the Israeli American populace isJewish,it is also made up of variousethnicandreligiousminorities; most notably theethnic Arab minority,which includesChristians,Druzes,andMuslims,as well as the smaller non-Arab minority ethnic groups.

History[edit]

The number of Israeli Americans in the United States is estimated to be 191,000 according the 2020 US census.[6]Israelis began migrating to the United States shortly after theestablishment of the State of Israel in May 1948.Thus, during the 1950s, 21,376 Israeli immigrants moved to the US and the 1960s saw 30,911 Israeli immigrants, often seen as the first wave of Israeli immigration to the United States when52,278 Israelisemigrated to the US according to US Immigration data.[7]A second wave of modest immigration continued with a total of 36,306 Israelis during 1970 to 1979, 43,669 in 1980 to 1989, 41,340 in 1990 to 1999 and 54,801 in 2000 to 2009. Since 2010, Israeli migration to the US has continued at around four thousand per year.

Demographics[edit]

Since theestablishment of the State of Israel in May 1948,and until today, many Israelis emigrated to theUnited States.The2000 United States censusestimated that nearly 110,000 Israelis lived in the United States back then,[8]while other unsourced estimates say the number is much higher, around 500,000.[9][10]A considerable numbers of Israelis, estimated broadly from 200,000 to three times that figure, have moved abroad in the recent decades (Yerida).[11]

According to statistics from theUnited States Department of Homeland Security,between 1949 and 2015, about 250,000 Israelis acquiredpermanent residencyin the United States. The statistics did not track those who eventually moved back to Israel.[12]In 2012, a Global Religion and Migration Database constructed by the Pew Research Center showed that there were a total of 330,000 native-born Israelis, including 230,000 Jews, living outside of Israel, in the United States and elsewhere around the world, approximately 4% of Israel's native-born Jewish population.[13][14]Based on current estimates of Israel-born Jewish migrants to the U.S. of 140,000, two thirds of Jewish Israeli native emigrants have settled in the U.S. and the remaining third in Canada, Europe, South America, South Africa and the remainder of the world.

In addition to native-born Israelis and Israelis who originally immigrated to Israel from other countries and then moved on to the United States, there have been American Jews who immigrated to Israel and became Israeli citizens, lived there for a certain period of time, and later returned to the United States. Israeli demographer Yinon Cohen estimated the number of American-born Israelis who had returned to the United States to be between 30,000 and 60,000 by 1990, and between 53,000 and 75,000 in 2000.[15]

TheOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmentcalculated an 'expatriate rate' of 2.9 persons per thousand, putting Israel in the mid-range of expatriate rates among the 175OECDcountries examined in 2005.[16]

TheNew York City metropolitan areahas now become by far the leading metropolitan gateway for Israeli immigrants legally admitted into theUnited States,with theLos Angeles metropolitan areanow in a distant second place.[17]Within the United States, as of April 2013, Israeli airlineEl Aloperated fromJohn F. Kennedy International AirportandNewark Liberty International Airport,both in the New York City metropolitan area, as well as fromLos Angeles International Airport.TheNew York Citymetropolitan area is home to the largestJewish communityoutsideIsrael,and the city proper contains the largest Jewish community in the world.[18]

In 2009,Steven M. Cohenand Judith Veinstein found that in New York, Jewish Israeli emigrants are highly affiliated with the Jewish community even though community affiliation is low in Israel. Israelis were found to be more connected to Judaism than their American counterparts in terms of synagogue membership and attendance,kashrutobservance, participation in Jewish charity events and membership in Jewish community centers, among other indicators used by the study.[19]

In 1982, Pini Herman and David LaFontaine, in a study of Israeli emigrants in Los Angeles, found high levels of Jewish affiliation, Jewish organizational participation and concentration in Jewish neighborhoods by Israeli emigrants. Israeli emigrants who behaved in a comparatively secular manner in Israel tended to behave in a more devoutly Jewish manner in Los Angeles and Israeli emigrants who reported greater Jewish behaviors in Israel tended to engage in Jewish behaviors to a lesser degree in Los Angeles, thus both becoming more 'Americanized' in their Jewish behaviors.[20]

Israelis tend to be disproportionately Jewishly active in their diaspora communities, creating and participating formal and informal organizations, participating in diaspora Jewish religious institutions and sending their children to Jewish education providers at a greater rate than local diaspora Jews.[21]

By generations[edit]

Based on the 2013 Pew American Jewry Survey[22]estimate base on Jews by religion/no religion/Jewish background who were born in Israel is 140,000 nationally. American Jews born in Israel had 40 thousand children under age 18 in their US households. Another estimated 170 thousand Jewish adults not born in Israel have at least one parent born in Israel, and these adults have an estimated 200 thousand children under the age of 18 who have at least one Israel-born grandparent. An additional 60 thousand American Jews reported that they had once "lived in Israel."[23]

By state[edit]

The U.S. states by Israeli Americans as per the2000 census:[24]

State
 Population rank
 Israeli American
(2000)		 Percent Israeli American
(2000)
New York 1 30,164 0.2%
California 2 24,956 0.1%
Florida 3 9,511 0.1%
New Jersey 4 7,939 0.1%
Massachusetts 5 3,713 0.1%
Illinois 6 3,557 0.0%
Pennsylvania 7 3,051 0.0%
Maryland 8 3,044 0.1%
Texas 9 2,974 0.0%
Michigan 10 1,737 0.0%
Ohio 11 1,640 0.0%
Connecticut 12 1,387 0.0%
Georgia (U.S. state) 13 1,149 0.0%
Washington 14 1,021 0.0%
Arizona 15 984 0.0%
Nevada 16 930 0.0%
Virginia 17 898 0.0%
Colorado 18 873 0.0%
North Carolina 19 745 0.0%
Missouri 20 612 0.0%
Wisconsin 21 540 0.0%
Oregon 22 454 0.0%
South Carolina 23 454 0.0%
Minnesota 24 432 0.0%
Indiana 25 363 0.0%
Tennessee 26 324 0.0%
New Mexico 27 309 0.0%
Oklahoma 28 240 0.0%
Louisiana 29 230 0.0%
District of Columbia - 229 0.0%
Utah 30 226 0.0%
Rhode Island 31 214 0.0%
Hawaii 32 208 0.0%
Kansas 33 197 0.0%
Iowa 34 187 0.0%
Alabama 35 181 0.0%
New Hampshire 36 142 0.0%
Kentucky 37 139 0.0%
Delaware 38 138 0.0%
Vermont 39 131 0.0%
Arkansas 40 103 0.0%
Mississippi 41 100 0.0%
Idaho 42 87 0.0%
Nebraska 43 85 0.0%
Alaska 44 62 0.0%
Puerto Rico - 55 0.0%
Maine 45 45 0.0%
North Dakota 46 36 0.0%
West Virginia 47 36 0.0%
Montana 48 33 0.0%
South Dakota 49 22 0.0%
Wyoming 50 7 0.0%

Culture and organizations[edit]

Various Israeli-American communities have their own newspapers which are printed in Hebrew. Communities arrange cultural, entertainment and art events (including celebrations of theIsraeli independence daywhich usually takes place in Israeli-American demographic centers), and some have theIsraeli Networkchannel, which consists of a selection of live broadcasts as well asrerunsofIsraeli televisionnews broadcasts, entertainment programs and Israeli sport events. Hundreds of thousands of spectators view the annualCelebrate Israel ParadeonFifth AvenueinManhattan,which touts itself as the world's largest celebration of Israel.[25][26]At the 2017 Celebrate Israel parade in Manhattan,New York GovernorAndrew Cuomodeclared the SundayShimon PeresDay in New York and announced a new venture to promotecultural heritage tourismbetween Israel and New York, as Cuomo marched alongside the son of the late Israeli leader.[27]

A variety of Hebrew language websites,[28]newspapers and magazines are published in New York,[29][30][31][32]Los Angeles,[33][34]South Florida, and other U.S. regions.[35]The Israeli Channel along with two other Hebrew-language channels are available via satellite broadcast nationally in the United States.[36]Hebrew language Israeli programming on local television was broadcast in New York and Los Angeles during the 1990s, prior to Hebrew language satellite broadcast. Live performances by Israeli artists are a regular occurrence in centers of Israeli emigrants in the U.S. and Canada with audience attendance often in the hundreds.[37]An Israeli Independence Day Festival has taken place yearly in Los Angeles since 1990 with thousands of Israeli emigrants and American Jews.[38]

In Los Angeles, a Council of Israeli Community was founded in 2001.[39]In 2007, an Israel Leadership Council (ILC) was also organized in Los Angeles, later it was renamedIsraeli-American Council,and it has been active in supporting activities for Israel, most recently in 2008, it sponsored with the localJewish Federationand Israeli consulate a concert in support for the embattled population suffering rocket attacks ofSderot,Israel where the three frontrunners for the U.S. president,Hillary Clinton,Barack Obama,John McCaingreeted the attendees by video and expressed their support for the residents ofSderot.An Israeli Business Network ofBeverly Hillshas existed since 1996.[40]The Israeli-American Study Initiative (IASI), a start-up project based at theUCLAInternational Institute, is set out to document the lives and times of Israeli Americans—initially focusing on those in Los Angeles and eventually throughout the United States.[41]

Economic contributions[edit]

According toCNN,Israeli companies are establishingentrepreneurialventures inNew York Cityat the rate of ten new startups per month.[42]In 2022, there were 293 Israeli startups in the New York area, the most of any metropolitan area outside Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.[43]

Relationship with American Jews[edit]

Israeli Americans are generally seen as having less interaction with the non-IsraeliJewish Americancommunity and its institutions, often preferring to maintain ties of association with other Israeli Americans.[44]Jewish Americans, especially religious Jewish Americans, tend to maintain correspondingly sparse contact with the Israeli American community besides participation in religious ceremonies.[45]At one point, religious American Jews viewed "yordim"as being the antithesis of the Jewish people's" eternal hope "ofreturnand permanent settlement in Israel, but now consider them an important subgroup within the broader American Jewish community. An estimated 75% of Israeli Americans marry within the Jewish community, as opposed to about 50% of non-Israeli Jewish Americans.[46]At the same time, younger Israelis in America are assimilating in increasing numbers.[47]

Notable people[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of Israeli Americans.

In popular culture[edit]

  • Comedian-writerRobert Smigelcame up with aSaturday Night Livesketch in 1990 called the "Sabra Shopping Network". Two years later, Smigel followed it up with "Sabra Price Is Right", starringTom Hanksas a pushy Israeli game show host, Sandler and Rob Schneider as its presenters and Smigel as a cigarette-smoking announcer, all pushing shoddy electronics on hapless clientele.[48]
  • The concept for the 2008You Don't Mess with the Zohanmovie, which was based on the skits "Sabra Shopping Network" and "Sabra Price Is Right", focused on Zohan Dvir, anIDFcommando soldier, who stages his own death to fulfill his deepest dream—moving to New York to become ahairdresser.
  • At the end of the 2005 filmMunich,the main character Avner (played byEric Bana), who is an IsraeliMossadagent, decides to move from Israel to Brooklyn, New York, to reunite with his wife and their child.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"TOTAL POPULATION: 2020 DEC Detailed Demograhic and Housing".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJune 20,2024.
  2. ^Deena Yellin (May 30, 2014)."North Jersey groups to step off in NYC's 'Celebrate Israel' parade".North Jersey Media Group.RetrievedMay 30,2014.
  3. ^"Supplemental Table 2. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2014".U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived fromthe originalon March 22, 2017.RetrievedJune 1,2016.
  4. ^"Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Supplemental Table 2".U.S. Department of Homeland Security.RetrievedJune 1,2016.
  5. ^"Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2".U.S. Department of Homeland Security.Retrieved2013-04-14.
  6. ^"Explore Census Data".data.census.gov.Retrieved2024-06-20.
  7. ^2012 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, Office of Immigration Statistics, Homeland Security, Table 2 page 6
  8. ^"American Community Survey Main - U.S. Census Bureau".Census.gov.Retrieved2013-06-05.
  9. ^Herman, Pini (April 25, 2012)."Rumors of mass Israeli emigration are much exaggerated".Jewish Journal.Retrieved3 October2013.
  10. ^Gallya Lahav; Asher Arian (2005).'Israelis in a Jewish diaspora: The multiple dilemmas of a globalized group' in International Migration and the Globalization of Domestic Politics ed. Rey Koslowski.London: Routledge. p. 89.ISBN0-415-25815-4.
  11. ^Andrew I. Killgore."Facts on the Ground: A Jewish Exodus from Israel"Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, March 2004, pp.18-20
  12. ^Sales, Ben."Why more Israelis are moving to the US".timesofisrael.Retrieved2020-04-14.
  13. ^"Faith On The Move -The Religious Affiliation of International Migrants",The Pew Forum On Religion and Public Life,The Pew Research Center,8 March 2012,retrievedMay 16,2015
  14. ^Herman, Pini (June 6, 2012),"Stop Worrying About Yordim",The Jewish Daily Forward,New York, NY
  15. ^Cohen, Yinon. 2007. "The Demographic Success of Zionism."
  16. ^"Database on immigrants and expatriates:Emigration rates by country of birth (Total population)".Organisation for Economic Co-ordination and Development, Statistics Portal.Archived fromthe originalon May 12, 2008.RetrievedApril 15,2008.
  17. ^"Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2".U.S. Department of Homeland Security.Retrieved2013-04-14.
  18. ^"Jewish Community Study of New York"(PDF).United Jewish Appeal-Federation of New York. 2002. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2007-06-14.Retrieved2007-03-26.
  19. ^Greenberg, Sam (2009-05-03)."NY Israelis have high level of Jewish involvement".The Jerusalem Post.Retrieved2009-05-09.[permanent dead link]
  20. ^Herman, Pini;LaFontaine, David(1983).In our Footsteps: Israeli Migration to the U.S. and Los Angeles.Los Angeles, CA: Hebrew Union College J.I.R.Retrieved2011-07-09..
  21. ^Spence, Rebecca (2008-04-24)."Wanting to connect, Israelis find religion".Forward.Forward Association Inc.Retrieved2008-04-25.
  22. ^"A Portrait of Jewish Americans: Findings from a Pew Research Center Survey of U.S. Jews"(PDF),Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project,Pew Research Center,p. 197,retrievedMay 16,2015
  23. ^Herman, Pini,"Tuchis Sourced Demographics for Israelis in the US",Demographic Duo Blog,The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles,retrievedMay 15,2015
  24. ^"U.S. Census Bureau".Factfinder2.census.gov. 2010-10-05. Archived fromthe originalon 2020-02-12.Retrieved2013-06-05.
  25. ^"CELEBRATE ISRAEL PARADE"[email protected].RetrievedMay 29,2015.
  26. ^Deena Yellin (May 29, 2015)."Celebrate Israel Parade in NYC to include prominent North Jersey contingent".North Jersey Media Group.RetrievedMay 29,2015.
  27. ^Erin Durkin (June 4, 2017)."Cuomo announces new program promoting tourism between N.Y. and Israel at Celebrate Israel parade".New York Daily News.RetrievedJune 4,2017.
  28. ^"Hebrew News".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-05-17.Retrieved2008-06-27.
  29. ^Meyers, Oren (2001)."A Home Away from Home? Israel Shelanu and the Self-Perceptions of Israeli Migrants"(PDF).Israel Studies.6(3). Indiana University Press: 71–90.doi:10.1353/is.2001.0031.S2CID145606232.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2008-10-03.Retrieved2008-05-05.
  30. ^"My Israel"(in Hebrew).Retrieved2008-04-29.
  31. ^"Yisraelim"(in Hebrew).Retrieved2008-04-29.
  32. ^"Localista"(in Hebrew). Archived fromthe originalon 2008-12-01.Retrieved2008-04-29.
  33. ^"Shavua Israeli - The Israeli Weekly Magazine"(in Hebrew). Archived fromthe originalon 2008-04-16.Retrieved2008-04-28.
  34. ^"We Are in America - The Israeli Magazine"(in Hebrew). Archived fromthe originalon April 2, 2008.Retrieved2008-04-18.
  35. ^"PhillyIsraelim"(in Hebrew). Archived fromthe originalon 2008-07-23.Retrieved2008-04-29.
  36. ^"The Israeli Channel on Dish Network".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-04-07.Retrieved2008-04-17.
  37. ^"Mofaim"(in Hebrew).Retrieved2008-04-29.
  38. ^"Israeli Independence Day Festival".Retrieved2008-04-17.
  39. ^"Council of Israeli Community".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-05-09.Retrieved2008-04-17.
  40. ^"Israeli Business Network of Beverly Hills".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-05-14.Retrieved2008-05-08.
  41. ^Friedlander, Jonathan; Amnon Peery; R. Jean Roth (2005-03-15)."The Israeli-American Study Initiative".IsraelisInAmerica.Org. Archived fromthe originalon 2008-02-09.Retrieved2008-05-08.
  42. ^Sara Ashley O'Brien (July 10, 2014)."Israeli startups flock to New York".CNN Money.RetrievedJuly 12,2014.
  43. ^Luke Tress (September 12, 2022)."New York governor announces trip to Israel, funding for Israeli startup".The Times of Israel.RetrievedSeptember 12,2022.Governor Kathy Hochul to visit Jewish state for first time in office, pledges $1 million to electric vehicle charging company Zooz Power..New York is home to the largest Jewish population outside Israel, and Hochul is a firm supporter of the state's Jewish communities and of Israel.. "I'm not going to announce any dates, but I'm coming," she said, calling Israel "a unique place that is like no other on this planet.
  44. ^Telushkin, Joseph(1991).Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, Its People, and Its History.New York: William Morrow & Co. p.341.ISBN0-688-08506-7.
  45. ^Eshman, Rob (2008-05-16)."Polished Diamonds".The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles.p. 8.Retrieved2008-05-18.
  46. ^Tugend, Tom."Young U.S. Jews feel closer to Israel, studies find."Jewish Journal.13 August 2013. 13 August 2013.
  47. ^Levine, Rabbi Menachem (18 July 2018)."Dear Israelis, America is not Israel".Israel National News.Retrieved2018-12-12.
  48. ^"Sabra Price is Right".YouTube.Archived fromthe originalon October 30, 2012.Retrieved2012-02-20.

Further reading[edit]

  • Cohen, Nir. "State, Migrants, and the Negotiation of Second-Generation Citizenship in the Israeli Diaspora."Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies16.2 (2007): 133-158.online
  • Cohen, Yinon. “Socioeconomic Dualism: The Case of Israeli-Born Immigrants in the United States.”International Migration Review23 (1989): 267–88.
  • Gold, Steven J. “Israeli Immigrants in the United States: The Question of Community.”Qualitative Sociology17 (1994): 325–45.
  • Gold, Steven J. "Gender and social capital among Israeli immigrants in Los Angeles."Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies4.3 (1995): 267-301.excerpt
  • Rosenthal, Mirra, and Charles Auerbach. “Cultural and Social Assimilation of Israeli Immigrants in the United States.”International Migration Review26, no. 3 (Fall 1992): 982–91.
  • Rudolph, Laura C. "Israeli Americans."Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 493–503.online
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