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Italian Left

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Italian Left
Sinistra Italiana
AbbreviationSI
SecretaryNicola Fratoianni
PresidentNichi Vendola
Founded19 February 2017;7 years ago(2017-02-19)
Merger ofLeft Ecology Freedom
and minor groups
Headquartersvia Arenula 29, Rome
Youth wingUnion of Young People of the Left
Membership(2017)19,346[1]
IdeologyDemocratic socialism[2]
Eco-socialism[2]
Political positionLeft-wing
National affiliationGreens and Left Alliance(since 2022)
The Left(2019)
Free and Equal(2018–2019)
European affiliationNow the People
Party of the European Left(observer)
European Parliament groupThe Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL[a]
ColoursRed
Chamber of Deputies
4 / 400
Senate
3 / 200
European Parliament[b]
2 / 76
Regional
Councils
6 / 896
Website
www.sinistraitaliana.siEdit this at Wikidata
  1. ^Between 2017 and 2019, SI had oneMEPeach inGUE/NGLandS&D
  2. ^Ilaria SalisandMimmo Lucanosit as independents.

Italian Left(Italian:Sinistra Italiana,SI) is aleft-wingpolitical party in Italy.SI was launched in November 2015 as a parliamentary group in theChamber of Deputies(full name:Italian Left – Left Ecology Freedom), includingLeft Ecology Freedom(SEL), dissidents from theDemocratic PartylikeFuture to the Left,and splinters from theFive Star Movement.[3]At its launch, SI included 32 deputies,[4]who were soon followed by 8 senators (who formed a sub-group within theMixed Groupof theSenatein February 2016), and 2MEPs.SI was officially formed as a full-fledged party in February 2017, after SEL had chosen to merge into it in December 2016.

The party is led byNicola Fratoianni.Notable founding members includedNichi Vendola(former leader of SEL),Loredana De Petris,Stefano Fassina,andSergio Cofferati.In the aftermath of its founding congress, 18 deputies left the party, leaving it with 13 deputies, 8 senators and 2 MEPs: 17 deputies, led by former group leaderArturo Scotto,joined the brand-newArticle One,whileLaura Boldrini(President of the Chamber of Deputies) joined the Chamber's Mixed Group. In late 2017, the party was a founding member ofFree and Equal,a left-wing joint list for the2018 general election,and more recently in 2022 founded theGreens and Left Alliance(AVS) withGreen Europe.

History

[edit]

Background

[edit]

In June 2015,Stefano Fassina,a former deputy minister in theLetta Cabinet,left theDemocratic Party(PD) over disagreements withMatteo Renzi,then PD leader andPrime Minister.[5]In doing this he was followed by his long-time allyMonica Gregori[it].[6]In July, during a convention, Fassina launchedFuture to the Left(FaS), an incubator of a new left-leaning party, with other movements and breakaway groups such asPossible(Pos) andLeft Ecology Freedom(SEL).

In November, one senator (Corradino Mineo)[7]and three more deputies (Alfredo D'Attorre[it],Carlo Galli[es;it]andVincenzo Folino[it])[8][9]left the party in protest against Renzi. D'Attorre, who holds adoctorateinphilosophyfrom theSant'Anna School of Advanced Studies,[10]wrote a manifesto for a new "labour" party, which was signed also by the other five MPs and, which read: "The genetic mutation of the PD, born as central force of the Italian centre-left, is unfortunately already completed. The Renzi experience and the introduced mutations won't be a parenthesis. They have already altered in a irreversible way the perception of the PD and its function in the collective imagination".[11]Subsequently, a parliamentary group under the banner of Italian Left was formed in the Chamber of Deputies, whose core was formed by SEL.[12][13]

Formation of the party

[edit]
Further information:2017 Italian Left leadership election

In February 2016, SI held its constituent assembly in Rome.[14][15][16]Consequently, SI was established as a sub-group within theMixed Groupin the Senate: five senators of SEL, two dissidents from theFive Star Movement(Fabrizio Bocchino[it]andFrancesco Campanella[it]) and one former Democrat (Mineo) joined,[17]while two SEL senators (includingSardinian nationalistLuciano Uras[fr;it])[18]refused to join and left their party altogether.[19]

Several lists named after SI participated in the2016 local elections.The party did particularly well inSesto Fiorentino,a medium-sized city in the metropolitan area ofFlorence,where it won 17.5% of the vote and its candidate for mayor was elected in the run-off with 65.5%, by beating his Democratic opponent.[20][21]

In December 2016, SEL was dissolved, to merge it into SI in early 2017.[22]

In February 2017, SI was officially formed andNicola Fratoianniwas elected as its first secretary.[23][24][25]

Contextually, SI leader in theChamber of DeputiesArturo Scotto(who was originally a candidate for the leadership[26]Massimiliano Smeriglio), D'Attorre, Galli and Folino led a splinter group into theArticle One – Democratic and Progressive Movement(MDP), a party formed by left-wing splinters of the PD.[27][28][29]

In March 2017, SI welcomed the four deputies ofPossible(Pos) in its group in the Chamber.[30][31][32]In April, Campanella left the party.[33]

On 24 June 2017, SI was accepted into theParty of the European Leftas an observer member.[34]

Free and Equal coalition

[edit]

On 3 December 2017, SI establishedFree and Equal(LeU), a left-wing joint list for the2018 general election,together with the MDP and Possible, and chose thePresidentof theSenateand former anti-Mafia prosecutorPietro Grassoas its leader and candidate for Prime Minister.[35]

In the election, SI obtained three deputies (Fratoianni, Fassina andErasmo Palazzotto[arz;it]) and one senator (De Petris).

In October, SI focused on forming an alliance withLuigi de Magistris'Popular Coalitionfor the2019 European Parliament election,and broke with the MDP and LeU.[36][37]

In January 2019, after the MDP's departure,[38]SI returned into LeU's fold and, under the leadership of senatorFrancesco Laforgiaand deputyLuca Pastorino(dissenting members of the MDP and Possible, respectively), the two organisations initiated a collaboration with the goal of forming a joint party at some point.[39][40]

For the2019 European Parliament election,SI formed a joint list namedThe Leftwith theCommunist Refoundation Partyand other left-wing and far-left groups. The list obtained a mere 1.8% of the vote, leading Fratoianni to resign from secretary of SI.[41][42]

In and out of government

[edit]

In August 2019, tensions grew within the coalition supporting the government, leading to the issuing of a motion of no-confidence by theLeague.[43]During the followinggovernment crisis,the M5S and the PD agreed to form a new cabinet together, under outgoing Prime MinisterGiuseppe Conte.[44]SI, along with the MDP and the entire LeU, joined Conte'ssecond government,in which SI'sGiuseppe De Cristofaro[Wikidata]was appointed undersecretary of University.

In January 2021 Fratoianni was re-elected secretary of the party during an online congress.[45][46][47]

In February, after the collapse of the government led by Conte,Mario Draghiwas sworn in at the head of agovernmentcomprising the main parties of the centre-left and the centre-right. Fratoianni voiced concerns over SI's participation in the government and the party's national assembly voted against the cabinet. However, two out of three MPs, senator De Petris and deputy Palazzotto, announced their intention to vote in favour anyway, splitting the party.[48]Subsequently, Palazzotto left the party.[49]

2022 general election

[edit]

In January 2022, SI andGreen Europe(EV) formed a "consultation pact", aimed at co-operating on the2022 Italian presidential electionheld in late January.[50]In that context, the two parties decided to jointly supportLuigi Manconi,a former lawmaker for theFederation of the Greens,theDemocrats of the Left,and theDemocratic Party(PD) and expert on human rights issues.[51][52]In June 2022, SI's national assembly formally approved the alliance with EV.[53]

Nicola Fratoianni at the final election rally in Pisa before the 2022 legislative election.Ilaria Cucchiis also on stage.

In July 2022, SI and EV held a joint convention inRomenamed "New Energies", promoting their cooperation and a unitary electoral program.[54]The alliance deliberately took inspiration from theNew Ecologic and Social People's Union,the left-wing list formed in the run-up of the2022 French legislative election.[55]Following the fall of Draghi's government, the early dissolution of theItalian Parliamentand the calling of the2022 general election,the AVS was officially launched and its logo presented.[56]On 6 August 2022, the alliance formalised an electoral agreement with the PD.[57][58]AVS elected 12 deputies and 4 senators, including 4 deputies and 2 senators from SI.

The November 2023 congress, in which Fratoianni was re-elected secretary, marked the return to active politics byNichi Vendola,formerSELleader, who was elected president.[59][60][61][62]

The alliance with EV is renewed for the2024 European Parliament,where AVS with a 6.78% elected 6MEPs,including 2 candidates from SI,Ilaria SalisandMimmo Lucano,both of them decide to joinThe Leftgroup in the EU parliament.

Composition

[edit]

The party's founding members were:

Party Main ideology Leader Ref
Left Ecology Freedom(SEL) Democratic socialism Nichi Vendola [63]
Future to the Left(FaS) Social democracy Stefano Fassina [64]
Venetian Left(SV) Communism Pietrangelo Pettenò [65]

Along these, some youth organisations (includingACT! Agire Costruire Trasformare[66]andTILT),[67]local groups and individuals have joined SI.

Ideology

[edit]

SI's ideology is a mix ofdemocratic socialism,social democracy,andanti-austeritystances. In his manifesto, D'Attorre wrote that the new party would need to "go beyond the separation between reformists and radicals" and later explained that SI would beKeynesianand opposed toneoliberalism.The coalition's economics adviser isJoseph Stiglitz,a well-known American economist and winner of theNobel Prize in economics,who had already been involved withSyrizain Greece,Podemosin Spain, and theLabour PartyunderJeremy Corbynin the United Kingdom.[68]Fassina has also proposed a "controlled disintegration of theEurozone".[69]

Election results

[edit]

Italian Parliament

[edit]
Chamber of Deputies
Election year Votes % Seats +/– Leader
2018 IntoLeU 3.4
3 / 630
–
Nicola Fratoianni
2022 IntoAVS 3.6
4 / 400
 Increase1
Nicola Fratoianni
Senate of the Republic
Election year Votes % Seats +/– Leader
2018 IntoLeU 3.3
1 / 315
–
Nicola Fratoianni
2022 IntoAVS 3.5
3 / 200
 Increase2
Nicola Fratoianni

European Parliament

[edit]
Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– EP Group
2019 Nicola Fratoianni IntoThe Left 1.75
0 / 76
 New –
2024 IntoAVS 6.78
2 / 76
 Increase2 The Left

Regional Councils

[edit]
Region Election year Votes % Seats +/−
Aosta Valley 2018 — —
0 / 35
–
Piedmont 2019 46,570[a] 2.42
1 / 51
–
Lombardy 2023 93,019 (10th)[b] 3.2
1 / 80
Increase1
South Tyrol 2018 intoGreens –
0 / 35
–
Trentino 2018 intoLeU –
0 / 35
–
Veneto 2020 41.275 (7th)[c] 2.0
1 / 51
Increase1
Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2023 8,029[d] 2.03
1 / 48
–
Emilia-Romagna 2020 38,845 (6th)[a] 3.2
0 / 51
Increase1
Liguria 2020 15,451 (8th)[e] 2.5
1 / 31
–
Tuscany 2020 46,270 (9th)[f] 2.9
0 / 41
Decrease1
Marche 2020 11,834 (11th)[g] 1.9
0 / 31
–
Umbria 2019 6,627 (8th)[h] 1.6
0 / 21
–
Lazio 2018 intoLeU –
1 / 51
Decrease2
Abruzzo 2019 intoLeU –
0 / 31
Decrease1
Molise 2018 intoLeU –
0 / 21
Decrease1
Campania 2020 25,125 (11th)[i] 1.1
0 / 51
–
Apulia 2020 63,725 (6th)[j] 3.8
0 / 51
Decrease4
Basilicata 2019 intoPossible –
0 / 21
Decrease1
Calabria 2020 Did not run –
0 / 31
Decrease1
Sicily 2022 55,599 (9th)[k] 3.0
0 / 70
Decrease1
Sardinia 2024 32,145 (6th) 4.7
4 / 60
–
  1. ^abAsFree, Equal, Greens.
  2. ^WithinGreen and Left Alliance.
  3. ^In a joint list withArt.1andPos
  4. ^AsGreens and Left Alliance
  5. ^In a joint list withPosand ÈViva
  6. ^In a joint list withPRC,PaP,SA
  7. ^In a joint list withPRC
  8. ^IntoGreen Civic Left
  9. ^In a joint list withPRC,PCI,PdS,AET
  10. ^In a joint list withArt.1andPRI
  11. ^In a joint list withArticle One–MDP.

Leadership

[edit]

Symbols

[edit]
  • 2015–2016
    2015–2016
  • 2016–2017
    2016–2017
  • 2017–present
    2017–present

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Assemblee Congressuali di Sinistra Italiana – Aderenti e Delegati per Provincia"(PDF).
  2. ^abNordsieck, Wolfram (2018)."Italy".Parties and Elections in Europe.Archivedfrom the original on 27 March 2019.Retrieved2 April2019.
  3. ^Una nuova sinistra, non-una "cosa rossa"http://ilmanifesto.info/una-nuova-sinistra-non-una-cosa-rossa
  4. ^"Camera.it - XVII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi Parlamentari - Composizione gruppi Parlamentari".camera.it.
  5. ^"Fassina dice addio al Pd:" Non ci sono le condizioni per continuare "".la Repubblica(in Italian). 23 June 2015.Retrieved20 June2024.
  6. ^"Fassina, addio al Pd:" Nuovo soggetto politico con Civati e Cofferati "".la Repubblica(in Italian). 24 June 2015.Retrieved20 June2024.
  7. ^"Corradino Mineo lascia il gruppo Pd:" Contro di me inaccettabile processo sommario "".la Repubblica(in Italian). 28 October 2015.Retrieved20 June2024.
  8. ^"D'Attorre, Galli e Folino lasciano il Pd:" Non c'è più dialettica nel partito "".la Repubblica(in Italian). 4 November 2015.Retrieved20 June2024.
  9. ^"Pd: i deputati Galli, Folino e D'Attorre lasciano il partito." Ora gruppo con Sel, ma non chiamateci 'Cosa rossa' "".Il Fatto Quotidiano(in Italian). 4 November 2015.Retrieved20 June2024.
  10. ^"D'Attorre, addio al Pd. Il ritratto del mite" secchione "travolto dal turborenzismo".HuffPost Italia(in Italian). 3 November 2015.Retrieved20 June2024.
  11. ^Alfredo D'Attorre esce dal Pd. Il documento scritto con Fassina e gli altri: "Con Renzi il partito trasformato nel suo ufficio stampa"http:// huffingtonpost.it/2015/11/04/dattorre-pd-renzi-addio_n_8470840.html
  12. ^Nasce 'Sinistra italiana', nuovo gruppo di 31 deputati. Fassina: "Siamo alternativi al liberismo da Happy Days di Renzi"http:// ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2015/11/07/nasce-sinistra-italiana-nuovo-gruppo-di-31-deputati-la-diretta-_d02aa4ad-9f47-4615-8e57-4f6136149f73.html
  13. ^Si chiamerà "Sinistra italiana": domani Sel e gli ex Pd battezzano il nuovo gruppo 'anti-Renzi'http:// huffingtonpost.it/2015/11/06/sinistra-italiana-sel-ex-pd_n_8487950.html
  14. ^Cosmopolitica, iniziata la costituente di Sinistra italianahttp:// huffingtonpost.it/2016/02/19/cosmopolitica-costituente-sinistra-_n_9275866.html
  15. ^Per ora è "Sinistra Italiana"http://ilmanifesto.info/per-ora-e-sinistra-italiana/
  16. ^Cosmopolitica, la prima assemblea di Sinistra italiana: "Dal 2 al 4 dicembre il congresso fondativo"http:// repubblica.it/politica/2016/02/21/news/sinistra_italiana_unioni_civili-133907371/
  17. ^"senato.it - Senato della Repubblica senato.it - Variazioni nei Gruppi parlamentari".senato.it.
  18. ^"Sel divisa tra svolta sovranista e Sinistra italiana: geografia di una guerra - Sardiniapost.it".17 November 2015.
  19. ^"il manifesto".ilmanifesto.info.9 February 2016.
  20. ^"Ballottaggi in Toscana: Pd ko. A Sesto stravince Falchi, Grosseto al centrodestra".19 June 2016.
  21. ^"Comune di Sesto Fiorentino - Toscana - Elezioni Comunali - Risultati - Ballottaggio - 5 giugno 2016".la Repubblica.it.
  22. ^"Vendola traghetta Sel nella" Sinistra italiana "".rainews.17 December 2016.
  23. ^"Sinistra Italiana elegge Fratoianni:" Siamo la sinistra che fa il suo mestiere "".lastampa.it.19 February 2017.
  24. ^"Sinistra Italiana, Nicola Fratoianni eletto segretario:" Scissione? Se minoranza dem vota fiducia a Gentiloni, no al dialogo "- Il Fatto Quotidiano".19 February 2017.
  25. ^"Congresso SI, eletto Fratoianni segretario:" Dialogo con gli scissionisti Pd se non votano fiducia a governo "".19 February 2017.
  26. ^"Sinistra italiana, corsa a due per la segreteria: Scotto sfida Fratoianni".23 January 2017.
  27. ^Stefanoni, Franco (25 February 2017)."Ecco il nome degli ex Pd: Articolo 1 Movimento dei democratici e progressisti".
  28. ^""Democratici e progressisti" il nuovo nome degli ex Pd. Speranza: lavoro è nostra priorità ".Il Sole 24 ORE.25 February 2017.
  29. ^Binelli, Raffaello (25 February 2017)."Nasce il Movimento democratici e progressisti".ilGiornale.it.
  30. ^"Sinistra Italiana e Possibile insieme alla Camera. Ma il primo scoglio è Civati capogruppo".10 March 2017.
  31. ^"Possibile e Sinistra Italiana. Dopo i gruppi, la lista unitaria - Left".9 March 2017.
  32. ^"il manifesto".ilmanifesto.it.9 March 2017.
  33. ^"Francesco Campanella lascia Sinistra italiana".12 March 2019.
  34. ^"IL PARTITO DELLA SINISTRA EUROPEA accoglie come osservatore SINISTRA ITALIANA".L'Altra Europa con Tsipras.24 June 2017.Retrieved25 June2017.
  35. ^"Liberi e uguali, Grasso: 'Ecco la nuova sinistra' - Politica".3 December 2017.
  36. ^"'Goodbye LeU': Sinistra Italiana scarica Mdp e guarda a De Magistris ".28 October 2018.
  37. ^"Leu, esperienza finita. Mdp e Sinistra italiana si lasciano. Speranza:" Ora una sinistra di governo "".Repubblica.it.14 November 2018.
  38. ^"Una forza rosso-verde per garantire l'alternativa alla nuova destra".10 November 2018.
  39. ^"Costituita associazione per nascita partito di sinistra".31 January 2019.
  40. ^"Sinistra, a 100 giorni dalle Europee si provano a definire liste e alleanze".Blasting News.13 February 2019.
  41. ^"Europee, Nicola Fratoianni si dimette da segretario di Sinistra Italiana".la Repubblica.1 June 2019.
  42. ^"Sinistra italiana, Fratoianni si dimette da segretario:" Da Europee emerso tema della frammentazione nel nostro campo "".Il Fatto Quotidiano.1 June 2019.
  43. ^Horowitz, Jason (20 August 2019)."Italy's Government Collapses, Turning Chaos Into Crisis".The New York Times.
  44. ^"Conte wins crucial support for new Italian govt coalition".Washington Post.
  45. ^"I voti del 2° Congresso di Sinistra Italiana - Nicola Fratoianni riconfermato segretario nazionale".
  46. ^"Sinistra italiana va avanti, verso la nuova cosa rosso-verde".February 2021.
  47. ^"Sinistra italiana a congresso. Fratoianni:" Non ci sciogliamo "".30 January 2021.
  48. ^"Governo Draghi, assemblea di Sinistra Italiana: voto contro la fiducia. Ma De Petris e Palazzotto non condividono:" Noi siamo per il sì ""(in Italian).La Repubblica.14 February 2021.Retrieved14 February2021.
  49. ^"Erasmo Palazzotto lascia Sinistra italiana:" E' un errore politico non votare la fiducia a Draghi "".17 February 2021.
  50. ^"Lancio del 'patto di consultazione' per il Quirinale tra Europa Verde e Sinistra Italiana".Radio Radicale(in Italian). 10 January 2022.Retrieved17 January2022.
  51. ^"Sinistra Italiana ed Europa Verde: 'Voteremo Manconi'".Dire(in Italian). 25 January 2022.Retrieved25 January2022.
  52. ^"La campagna per Manconi al Quirinale: 'Un presidente contro le ingiustizie'".La Repubblica(in Italian). 19 January 2022.Retrieved19 January2022.
  53. ^Sinistra Italiana, ok a proposta di avvio alleanza con Europa Verde,Conquista del Lavoro
  54. ^Nuove energie rossoverdi: «Uniti per cambiare l'Italia»,il manifesto
  55. ^Patto Sinistra Italiana-Europa Verde per le politiche 2023: nasce la lista rossoverde,Fanpage
  56. ^SI and Verdi revealed their logo for the next general election,Twitter
  57. ^"Elezioni, accordo Pd-Verdi-Si. C'è anche Di Maio. Letta: «Se vince Destra costituzione a rischio".Il Sole 24 ORE. 6 August 2022.Retrieved7 August2022.
  58. ^"Letta-Fratoianni-Bonelli, ecco i termini dell'accordo: al Pd l'80% dei seggi, a Si-Verdi il 20%".Il Mattino.it. 13 February 2021.Retrieved7 August2022.
  59. ^"Fratoianni confermato segretario di Sinistra italiana. Vendola neopresidente:" Ritorno attivo alla politica "- Notizie - Ansa.it".Agenzia ANSA(in Italian). 26 November 2023.Retrieved13 February2024.
  60. ^"Nichi Vendola torna alla politica: Eletto presidente di Sinistra italiana".30 November 2023.
  61. ^Bozza, Claudio (26 November 2023)."Nichi Vendola eletto presidente di Sinistra italiana: «Torno in politica». Ma non si candida alle Europee, ecco perché".Corriere della Sera(in Italian).Retrieved13 February2024.
  62. ^"Nichi Vendola è il nuovo presidente di Sinistra Italiana".Il Post(in Italian). 26 November 2023.Retrieved13 February2024.
  63. ^Cosmopolitica, Fratoianni: congresso fondativo il 2/3/4 dicembre. E' la fine della stagione degli accordi e dei cartelli elettoralihttp:// sinistraecologialiberta.it/notizie/cosmopolitica-fratoianni-congresso-fondativo-il-234-dicembre-e-la-fine-della-stagione-degli-accordi-e-dei-cartelli-elettorali/
  64. ^NASCE OGGI SINISTRA ITALIANA, NUOVO GRUPPO PARLAMENTARE UNITO
  65. ^Sinistra Veneta ha condiviso un link.https:// facebook /permalink.php?story_fbid=551714218324442&id=431222653706933
  66. ^"Non la solita sinistra. Questa deve essere un'altra storia".Archived fromthe originalon 18 August 2016.Retrieved3 March2016.
  67. ^Mapi Pizzolante a Cosmopoliticahttps:// facebook /Tiltcamp/videos/vb.211298158909267/1021028537936221/?type=2&theater
  68. ^"Sinistra:tra i consulenti anche Stiglitz - Politica".Agenzia ANSA(in Italian). 30 October 2015.Retrieved9 August2022.
  69. ^"European 'alliance of national liberation fronts' emerges to avenge Greek defeat".telegraph.co.uk.29 July 2015.Retrieved9 August2022.
[edit]
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