Jableh
Jableh
جَبْلَةٌ Gabala | |
|---|---|
 General view of city and port • Roman Amphitheater •Al-Baath Stadium• Entrance of Roman Theater • Landscape of Jableh • Port | |
| Nickname: Mount of the Soul (Arabic:جَبْلَة ٱلرّوح) | |
  Jableh Location in Syria  Jableh Jableh (Eastern Mediterranean)  Jableh Jableh (Asia) | |
| Coordinates:35°21′N35°55′E/ 35.350°N 35.917°E | |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Latakia Governorate |
| District | Jableh District |
| Subdistrict | Jableh Subdistrict |
| Elevation | 16 m (52 ft) |
| Population (2004 census) | |
| • Total | 80,000[1] |
| Demonym(s) | Arabic:جَبْلَاوِي,romanized:Jablawi |
| Time zone | UTC+2(EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3(EEST) |
| Area code(s) | Country code: 963 City code: 41 |
| Geocode | C3585 |
| Climate | Csa |
Jableh(Arabic:جَبْلَةٌ;Ǧabla,also speltJebleh,Jabala,Jablah, GabalaorGibellum) is aMediterraneancoastal city inSyria,[2]25 km (16 mi) north ofBaniyasand 25 km (16 mi) south ofLatakia,with c. 80,000 inhabitants (2004 census). As Ancient Gabala it was a Byzantine (arch)bishopric and remains a Latin Catholictitular see.It contains the tomb and mosque ofIbrahim Bin Adham,a legendarySufimystic who renounced his throne ofBalkhand devoted himself to prayers for the rest of his life.[3]
History
[edit]
Jableh has been inhabited since at least the second millennium BCE.[4]The city was part of theUgaritickingdom and was mentioned as "Gbʿly" in the archives of the city c. 1200 BC.[5]In antiquity Jableh (then called Gabala) was an important Hellenistic and then Roman city. One of the main remains of this period is atheatre,capable of housing c. 7,000 spectators. Near the seashores even older remains were found dating to the Iron Age or Phoenician Era.
The Jableh region was incorporated into theIslamic Empire with the conquest of Syriain 637–642. Between approximately 969 and 1081, however, much of the region returned under the control of theByzantine Empire,until it was captured byBanu Ammar.[6][7]TheAlawitesbegan spreading in the area in the early eleventh century.[8]
In themedievalperiod, Jableh, then calledGibellum,was conquered byTancredand theGenoeseon 23 July 1109,[9]to be part of thePrincipality of Antioch,one of theCrusader States,until it was captured bySaladinin 1189 during theThird Crusade.One famous resident wasHugh of Jabala,thecity's bishop,who reported the fall ofEdessatoPope Eugene III,and was the first person to speak ofPrester John.Less than 1 kilometre (0.62 miles) from the city centre lies the ancient site of Gibala, today known asTell Tweini.This city was inhabited from the third millennium BCE until the Persian period.
During the Mamluk period, there was still a "Kurdish" mosque in the city that had probably been founded by members of Saladin's entourage or army.[10]In 1318, a millenarian revolt of Alawites from the surrounding highlands resulted in an attack on Jableh before a Mamluk column sent from Tripoli was able to retake control. The famous Moroccan travellerIbn Battutavisited Jableh in 1326.[11]
In the Ottoman period (1516–1918), Jabala originally formed a sub-province (sancak) of theprovince of Tripolibefore it was made its own sancak in 1547–1548.[12]The district (nahiye) of Jabala comprised approximately 80 villages in addition to Jableh itself, the majority of which were inhabited byAlawites.[13]In 1564, the province of Jableh was governed by the son of Janbulad ibn Qasim al-Kurdi, the sancak-beyi ofKilis.The city of Jableh gained special importance with the Ottoman conquest ofCyprus,which lies just 120 km directly offshore, in 1570. The governor and the qadi (judge) of Jableh received numerous orders from the Ottoman government to guard the area against Mediterranean pirates and rebel Alawites in the next decades.[14]The city and the province of Jableh became less important asLatakiarose in importance in the eighteenth century. At the end of the nineteenth century, the province of Jableh was divided into twenty new nahiyes.[15]
On May 23, 2016, theIslamic State of Iraq and the Levantclaimed responsibility for four suicide bombings in Jableh, which had remained largely unaffected since theSyrian Civil Warbegan in 2011. Purportedly targeting Alawite gatherings, the bombs killed over a hundred people. InTartus,similarly insulated, another three bombers killed 48 people.[16]
In February 2023, amagnitude 7.8 earthquakestruck Turkey and western Syria. It caused widespread destruction and fatalities. In Jableh, at least 283 people died, 173 were injured and 19 buildings collapsed.[17]
Economy
[edit]The majority of people in Jableh depend on agriculture for their income, people grow orange and lemon trees, olives, a large number of green houses for vegetables can be found in the country side. In the center of the city people work in trade and there are small factories in the city for cottons and for making orange juice, whilst most residents solely depend on retirement allowance, although Jableh's economy suffers due to barely any electricity times between neighborhoods, which affects water availability in the city.
Sports
[edit]Jableh Sporting Clubis a football club based in Jableh, playing in theAl-Baath Stadium,which has a seating capacity of 10,000.
People
[edit]- Syrian pioneer of modern Arabic poetryAdunis.
- Izz ad-Din al-Qassam,a famous Islamic figure who organized attacks on the French in Syria and on the British and Jews in Palestine and the namesake of theIzz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades,the military wing ofHamas.
- TheBoustanifamily.[18]
- Mohammad Zeitoun, a swimming champion whose story is featured inZeitoun.
- Ali Maia,footballer
- Dr. Fayez Attaf, general surgeon who was known as 'The Poor People's Surgeon' in Jableh. He regularly paid the cost of operations of displaced and poor patients. He and his wife, neurologist Dr. Hala Saiid died in the February 2023 earthquake.[19]
Climate
[edit]Jableh has ahot-summer Mediterranean climate(Köppen climate classificationCsa).
| Climate data for Jableh | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.5 (79.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
22.4 (72.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.9 (75.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.6 (78.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
18.5 (65.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
14.5 (58.2) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 159 (6.3) |
130 (5.1) |
109 (4.3) |
50 (2.0) |
28 (1.1) |
4 (0.2) |
1 (0.0) |
1 (0.0) |
15 (0.6) |
52 (2.0) |
89 (3.5) |
190 (7.5) |
828 (32.6) |
| Average rainy days(≥ 1 mm) | 14 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 81 |
| Source 1:World Weather Online | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:Climate Data | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^http:// cbssyr.sy/General%20census/census%202004/pop-man.pdfPopulation of Jablehat theWayback Machine(archived 2022-03-20)
- ^"Gabala".Catholic Encyclopedia.
- ^Battuta, Abu `Abdullah Muhammad(1996).Gibb, Sir Hamilton(ed.).M1 Google Books, Travels In Asia And Africa, 1325-54.Asian Educational Services. p. 62.ISBN81-206-0809-7.
- ^Esber, Hawazan."Small historical coastal cities: Urban development and freshwater resources".UNESCO.Retrieved11 August2015.
- ^William A. Ward; Martha Joukowsky (1992).The Crisis years: the 12th century B.C.: from beyond the Danube to the Tigris.Kendall/Hunt. p. 113.ISBN9780840371485.
- ^Wiet 1960,p. 448.
- ^Mallett 2014.
- ^Winter 2016,p. 27–31, 45
- ^Helmolt 1907,p. 377
- ^Winter, Stefan (2009). "Les Kurdes de Syrie dans les archives ottomanes".Études Kurdes:125–156.
- ^Winter 2016,p. 61–67
- ^Winter 2016,p. 88
- ^Winter 2016,p. 95–107
- ^Winter 2016,p. 111–118
- ^Hartmann, Martin (1891). "Das Liwa el-Ladkije und die Nahije Urdu".Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins:161–218.
- ^"IS blasts in Syria regime heartland kill more than 148".AFP.Channel NewsAsia.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-05-24.Retrieved2016-05-24.
- ^Dabin, B.; al-Jazaeri, R. (9 February 2023)."283 deaths 173 injuries in the earthquake in Jableh, Lattakia".Syrian Arab News Agency.Retrieved9 February2023.
- ^"History | Boustani Congress".2020-11-30. Archived fromthe originalon 2020-11-30.Retrieved2023-12-09.
- ^"هالة وفايز... الحب يلمع تحت الأنقاض".
Bibliography
[edit]- Helmolt, Hans Ferdinand (1907),The World's History: Central and northern Europe,TheUniversity of Michigan
- Mallett, Alex (2014)."ʿAmmār, Banū (Syria)".In Fleet, Kate;Krämer, Gudrun;Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;Rowson, Everett(eds.).Encyclopaedia of Islam(3rd ed.). Brill Online.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24909.ISSN1873-9830.
- Wiet, G. (1960)."ʿAmmār".InGibb, H. A. R.;Kramers, J. H.;Lévi-Provençal, E.;Schacht, J.;Lewis, B.&Pellat, Ch.(eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume I:A–B.Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 448.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0625.OCLC495469456.
- Winter, Stefan (2016),A History of the Alawis: From Medieval Syria to the Turkish Republic,Princeton University Press,ISBN9780691173894
External links
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