Jacques Charles François Sturm
Jacques Charles François Sturm | |
|---|---|
 Jacques Charles François Sturm portrayed byJean-Daniel Colladon | |
| Born | 29 September 1803 |
| Died | 15 December 1855(aged 52) |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | Sturm separation theorem Sturm series Sturm's theorem Sturm–Liouville theory Sturm–Picone comparison theorem Speed of sound Sturm's conoid |
| Awards | Légion d'Honneur(1837) Copley Medal(1840) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Institutions | École Polytechnique |
Jacques Charles François Sturm(29 September 1803 – 15 December 1855) was a Frenchmathematician,who made a significant addition to equation theory with his work,Sturm's theorem.[1]
Early life[edit]
Sturm was born inGeneva,Francein 1803. The family of his father, Jean-Henri Sturm, had emigrated fromStrasbourgaround 1760—about 50 years before Charles-François's birth. His mother's name was Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Gremay.[2]
In 1818, he started to follow the lectures of theacademy of Geneva.The death of his father forced Sturm to give lessons to children of the rich in order to support his own family the following year. In 1823, he became tutor to the son ofMadame de Staël.
At the end of that year, Sturm stayed inParisfor a short time following the family of his student. He resolved, with his school-fellowJean-Daniel Colladon,to try his fortune in Paris, and obtained employment on theBulletin universel.[3]
Discovery[edit]
In 1829, he discovered thetheoremthat bears his name, and concernsreal-root isolation,that is the determination of the number and the localization of the realrootsof apolynomial.[4]
Work[edit]
Sturm benefited from the 1830 revolution, as his Protestant faith ceased to be an obstacle to employment in public high schools. At the end of 1830, he was thus appointed as a professor of Mathématiques Spéciales at thecollège Rollin.
He was chosen a member of theAcadémie des Sciencesin 1836, filling the seat ofAndré-Marie Ampère.Sturm becamerépétiteurin 1838, and in 1840 professor in theÉcole Polytechnique.The same year, after the death ofPoisson,Sturm was appointed asmechanicsprofessor of theFaculté des sciences de Paris.His works,Cours d'analyse de l'école polytechnique(1857–1863) andCours de mécanique de l'école polytechnique(1861), were published after his death in Paris,[3]and were regularly republished.
He was the co-eponymof theSturm–Liouville theorywithJoseph Liouville.
In 1826, with his colleagueJean-Daniel Colladon,Sturm helped make the first experimental determination of thespeed of soundin water.[2]
Death[edit]
In 1851 his health began to fail. He was able to return to teaching for a while during his long illness, but died in 1855.[2]
The asteroid31043 Sturmis named for him.[5]Sturm's name is one ofthe 72 namesengraved at theEiffel Tower.
Distinctions[edit]
- Grand prix de Mathématiques (4 December 1834)
- Member of the academy of Berlin (1835)
- Member of the academy of Saint-Petersburg (1836)
- Officier de laLégion d'Honneur(1837)
- Copley Medalof theRoyal Society of London(1840)
- Member of theRoyal Society of London(1840)
Selected writing[edit]
- Cours de mécanique de l'École polytechnique(in Italian). Vol. 1. Napoli: Gallo. 1871.
- Cours de mécanique de l'École polytechnique(in Italian). Vol. 2. Napoli: Gallo. 1871.
- Cours d'analyse de l'Ecole polytechnique. Tome premier(Gauthier-Villars, 1877)
- Cours d'analyse de l'Ecole polytechnique. Tome second(Gauthier-Villars, 1877)
- Cours de mécanique de l'Ecole polytechnique(Gauthier-Villars, 1883)
See also[edit]
- Control theory
- Oscillation theory
- Spectral theory of ordinary differential equations
- Submarine signals
References[edit]
- ^"Charles-François Sturm | Number Theory, Geometry & Analysis | Britannica".britannica.Retrieved2023-08-02.
- ^abcO'Connor, John J.;Robertson, Edmund F.,"Jacques Charles François Sturm",MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive,University of St Andrews
- ^abOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Sturm, Jacques Charles François".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1053.
- ^See:
- Sturm, Ch. (1829)."Analyse d'un mémoire sur la résolution des équations numériques"[Analysis of a memoir on the solution of equations with numerical coefficients].Bulletin Universel: 1er Section: Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Chimiques(in French).11:419–422.
- See also the footnote on p. 318 of:Sturm (1829)."Extrait d'un mémoire sur l'intégration d'un système d'équations différentielles linéaires"[Abstract of a memoir on the integration of a system of linear differential equations].Bulletin Universel: 1er Section: Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Chimiques(in French).12:313–322.
- Sturm, C. (1835)."Mémoire sur la résolution des équations numériques"[Memoir on the solution of equations with numerical coefficients].Mémoires Présentés par Divers Savans a l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France [Memoirs Presented by Various Scholars to the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Institute of France](in French).6:273–318.
- ^Schmadel, Lutz D.;International Astronomical Union (2003).Dictionary of minor planet names.Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 889.ISBN978-3-540-00238-3.Retrieved9 September2011.
External links[edit]
- Gerono, Camille Christophe; Terquem, Olry; Laisant, Charles-Ange; Bricard, Raoul; Boulanger, Auguste (1856),"Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M. Sturm",Nouvelles annales de mathématiques journal des candidats aux écoles polytechnique et normale,15:72
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