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Jadgali language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other languages with the name, seeJatki language.
Jadgali
Nummaṛī
Jadgali in Arabic script, in the three names of the language, Jadgali (Baloch name) and Numari (Native name)
Native toPakistan,Iran
EthnicityJadgals
Native speakers
no reliable data (2008)[1]
Arabic script(Nastaʿlīq)[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3jdg
Glottologjadg1238

Jaḍgālī(also calledJatgali,Jatki,[3]Zadjali) is anIndo-Aryan languagespoken by theJadgal,an ethno-linguistic group[4]ofPakistanandIranalso spoken by few hundreds inOman.It is one of only two Indo-Aryan languages found on theIranian plateau.[4]It is a dialect ofSindhilanguage most closely related toLasi.[5][6]

The majority of the Jadgali population is found in Pakistan, where a 2004 estimate placed it at 15,600,[7]and in Iran, where according to a 2008 estimate it is at least 25,000.[8]There are also immigrant communities inOmanand theUnited Arab Emirates,where the Jadgal are known asaz-zighālīoraz-zijālī.[9]In Iran at least two varieties are spoken, which are reportedly not easilyintercomprehensible.[10]

The termJadgalis ofBalochiorigin, but it is nowadays used by the Jadgal themselves, alongside their earlier endonymNummaṛ,which is the source of the language namesNummaṛīandNummaṛikī.[11]

Jadgali isunderdocumented.According toEmeneau,it is likely to have been the source of early Indo-Aryan influences on Balochi andBrahuiand therefore studies of the language could help bring insights into the linguistic history of the area.[12]

In Iran

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Jadgali was known by the Arabs asAl-Zighali.

In Iran, Jadgali is spoken in theDashtyariregion in the south and south-east ofSistan and Balochistan Province,particularly inPullān,Pīr SuhrābandBāhū Kalāt;all neighbouring communities areBalochi-speaking.[13]Most speakers of Jadgali ethnically self-identify as Jadgal,[14]fewer Jadgal claim to be of Baloch origin and to have changed their language because of interactions with their neighbours at the time when they were settled inLas Bela,a region at the eastern end of Balochistan. According to this story, they left their homeland after a defeat from the ruler ofSindhand then moved westward, eventually settling in Dashtyari during the reign ofShah Abbas.[15]

Balochi is the language of wider communication, all male adults are bilingual in it,[16]and it is more likely to be the one passed on to children in mixed marriages.[17]However, attitudes to Jadgali are positive and the language is vital.[18]Persianis used relatively often.[19]In addition to Balochi TV programmes, some people also watch Sindhi-language broadcasts from Pakistan.[20]

References

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  1. ^Delforooz 2008,p. 25
  2. ^"Ethnologue report for Jadgali".Ethnologue.
  3. ^Grimes, B. (2003). "Northwest Indo-Aryan Languages".International Encyclopedia of Linguistics.Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-513977-8.
  4. ^abDelforooz 2008,p. 23.
  5. ^Delforooz 2008,pp. 27–28. The similarity to Lasi emerged from a study of recordings of lexical items. The author notes that there nevertheless are differences in both pronunciation and lexicon.
  6. ^Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Titus, Paul Brian (2008).The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-political Perspectives on Pluralism in Balochistan.Reichert Verlag. p. 28.ISBN978-3-89500-591-6.the Jadgal in Dashtyari and speakers of Lasi in Las Bela or by assuming that Jadgali is a separate Sindhi dialect.'
  7. ^Ethnologue 2017.Ethnologue had earlier estimated the population in Pakistan at 100,000.(Ethnologue 2013).
  8. ^Delforooz 2008,p. 25. The corresponding 2004 estimate reported inEthnologue (2017)was 10,000.
  9. ^Delforooz 2008,p. 25.
  10. ^Based on the testimony of one speaker. (Delforooz 2008,p. 28).
  11. ^Delforooz 2008,p. 28.
  12. ^Bashir 2016,pp. 272, 277.
  13. ^Delforooz 2008,pp. 25, 28.
  14. ^"Documentation of the Jadgali language | Endangered Languages Archive".elararchive.org.Retrieved2024-04-08.Jadgal people.........they are not aware of their origin. They consider themselves to be separate from the Baloch and call themselves Jadgal. Likewise, Baloch people also consider them to be a separate ethnic group
  15. ^Delforooz 2008,pp. 25–26.
  16. ^Spooner 1969,p. 144.
  17. ^Delforooz 2008,p. 42.
  18. ^Delforooz 2008,pp. 41–42.
  19. ^Delforooz 2008,pp. 36, 42.
  20. ^Delforooz 2008,p. 33.

Bibliography

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