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Jamasp

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Jamasp
King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran
Drachmaof Jamasp,Susamint
Shahanshahof theSasanian Empire
Reign496–498/9
PredecessorKavad I
SuccessorKavad I(restored)
Died530/540
IssueNarsi
HouseHouse of Sasan
FatherPeroz I
ReligionZoroastrianism

Jamasp(also spelledZamasporDjamasp;Middle Persian:𐭩𐭠𐭬𐭠𐭮𐭯;Persian:جاماسپJāmāsp) wasSasanianKing of KingsofIranfrom 496 to 498/9. He was a son ofPeroz Iand younger brother ofKavad I.Jamasp was installed on the Sasanian throne upon the deposition of the latter by the nobility and clergy.

Name[edit]

Due to increased Sasanian interest inKayanianhistory, Jamasp was named afterJamasp,the mythological minister of the Kayanian monarchVishtaspa.[1][2]The name is transliterated inGreekasZamásphēs;ArabicJāmāsb,Zāmāsb,andZāmāsf;New PersianJāmāspandZāmāsp.[2]

Background[edit]

In 484,Peroz I(r. 459–484) wasdefeated and killedby aHephthalite[a]army nearBalkh.[5][6]His army was completely destroyed, and his body was never found.[7]Four of his sons and brothers had also died.[8]The main Sasanian cities of the eastern region ofKhorasan−Nishapur,HeratandMarwwere now under Hephthalite rule.[6]Sukhra,a member of the ParthianHouse of Karen,one of theSeven Great Houses of Iran,quickly raised a new force and stopped the Hephthalites from achieving further success.[9]Peroz' brother,Balash,was elected as shah by the Iranian magnates, most notably Sukhra and theMihranidgeneralShapur Mihran.[10]However, Balash proved unpopular among the nobility and clergy who had him deposed after just four years in 488.[11]Sukhra, who had played a key role in Balash's deposition,[11]appointedKavad Ias the new shah of Iran.[12]

Reign[edit]

In 496, due to the socioeconomic and religious changes implemented by Kavad I, the nobility andZoroastrianclergy had him deposed.[2]They installed his more impressionable brother Jamasp on the throne.[13][14]One of the other reasons behind Kavad's deposal was his execution of Sukhra.[6]Meanwhile, chaos was occurring in the country, notably inMesopotamia.[14]A council soon took place among the nobility to discuss what to do with Kavad.Gushnaspdad,a member of a prominent family of landowners (theKanarangiyan) proposed that Kavad be executed. His suggestion was overruled, however, and Kavad was imprisoned instead in thePrison of OblivioninKhuzestan.[15][13]However, Kavad managed to escape and flee to the domains of the Hephthalites.[6]

In 498 (or 499), Kavad returned to Iran with a Hephthalite army.[16][6]When he crossed the domains of the Kanarangiyan family in Khorasan, he was met byAdergoudounbades,a member of the family, who agreed to help him.[15]Another noble who supported Kavad wasZarmihr Karen,a son of Sukhra.[6]Jamasp and the nobility and clergy did not resist as they wanted to prevent another civil war.[17]They came to an agreement with Kavad that he would be shah again with the understanding that he would not hurt Jamasp or the elite.[17]Jamasp was spared, albeit probably blinded, while Gushnaspdad and other nobles who had plotted against Kavad were executed.[6]Kavad's reclamation of his throne displays the troubled circumstances of the empire, where in a time of anarchy a small force was able to overwhelm the nobility-clergy alliance.[13]

Jamasp then went toArmenia,where he defeated theKhazars,conquered some of their territory, and married a woman from Armenia, who bore him a son named Narsi.[18]

Descendants[edit]

After Jamasp's death in 530/540, his son Narsi, who had a son named Piruz, expanded the domains of his family, which includedGilan.[19]He then married one of the princesses of Gilan, who bore him a son Gilanshah.[20]The latter had a son namedGil Gavbara,who later started theDabuyid dynasty,and had two sons named Dabuya and Paduspan.[21]His son Dabuya succeeded him asispahbadhof the Dabuyid dynasty, while his other son, Paduspan, founded thePaduspanid dynasty.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^The Hephthalites were a tribal group that was most prominent of the "Iranian Huns".[3]In the second half of the 5th-century, they controlledTukharistanand also seemingly chunks of southernTransoxiana.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^Boyce 2001,p. 127–128.
  2. ^abcChoksy 2008,pp. 453–454.
  3. ^Rezakhani 2017,p. 145.
  4. ^Daryaee & Rezakhani 2017,p. 163.
  5. ^McDonough 2011,p. 305.
  6. ^abcdefgSchindel 2013,pp. 136–141.
  7. ^Payne 2015,p. 287.
  8. ^Potts 2018,p. 295.
  9. ^Payne 2015,p. 288.
  10. ^Shahbazi 2005.
  11. ^abChaumont & Schippmann 1988,pp. 574–580.
  12. ^Pourshariati 2008,p. 78.
  13. ^abcDaryaee 2014,p. 27.
  14. ^abAxworthy 2008,p. 59.
  15. ^abPourshariati 2008,p. 267.
  16. ^Rezakhani 2017,p. 131.
  17. ^abPourshariati 2008,p. 114.
  18. ^Pourshariati 2008,p. 299.
  19. ^Pourshariati 2008,p. 301.
  20. ^Pourshariati 2008,p. 302.
  21. ^Madelung 1993,pp. 541–544.

Sources[edit]

  • Axworthy, Michael(2008).A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind.New York: Basic Books. pp. 1–368.ISBN978-0-465-00888-9.
  • Boyce, Mary(2001).Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices.Psychology Press. pp. 1–252.ISBN9780415239028.
  • Chaumont, M. L.; Schippmann, K. (1988). "Balāš, Sasanian king of kings".Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 6.pp. 574–580.
  • Choksy, Jamsheed K.(2008)."Jāmāsp i. Reign".Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XIV, Fasc. 5.pp. 453–454.
  • Daryaee, Touraj(2014).Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire.I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–240.ISBN978-0857716668.
  • Daryaee, Touraj; Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017)."The Sasanian Empire".In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.).King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE).UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. 1–236.ISBN9780692864401.
  • Madelung, Wilferd(1993). "Dabuyids". InYarshater, Ehsan(ed.).Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 5.London et al.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 541–544.ISBN1-56859-007-5.
  • McDonough, Scott (2011). "The Legs of the Throne: Kings, Elites, and Subjects in Sasanian Iran". In Arnason, Johann P.; Raaflaub, Kurt A. (eds.).The Roman Empire in Context: Historical and Comparative Perspectives.John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 290–321.doi:10.1002/9781444390186.ch13.ISBN9781444390186.
  • Payne, Richard (2015). "The Reinvention of Iran: The Sasanian Empire and the Huns". In Maas, Michael (ed.).The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila.Cambridge University Press. pp. 282–299.ISBN978-1-107-63388-9.
  • Potts, Daniel T. (2018)."Sasanian Iran and its northeastern frontier".In Mass, Michael; Di Cosmo, Nicola (eds.).Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity.Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–538.ISBN9781316146040.
  • Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran.London and New York: I.B. Tauris.ISBN978-1-84511-645-3.
  • Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017).ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity.Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256.ISBN9781474400305.
  • Schindel, Nikolaus (2013). "Kawād I i. Reign".Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2.pp. 136–141.
  • Shahbazi, A. Shapur (2005)."Sasanian dynasty".Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition.

Further reading[edit]

Jamasp
Preceded by King of kings of Iran and non-Iran
496–498/9 		Succeeded by
Kavad I(restored)
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