James A. Michener
James A. Michener | |
---|---|
Michener in 1991 | |
Born | Doylestown, Pennsylvania,U.S. | February 3, 1907
Died | October 16, 1997 Austin, Texas,U.S. | (aged 90)
Occupation | |
Education | Swarthmore College(BA) University of St Andrews University of Northern Colorado(MA) |
Genre | Historical fiction |
Notable works | Tales of the South Pacific(1946) |
Notable awards | Pulitzer Prize for Fiction(1948) Presidential Medal of Freedom(1977)[1] |
Spouses | Patti Koon
(m.1935;div.1948)Vange Nord
(m.1948;div.1955) |
James Albert Michener(/ˈmɪtʃənər/or/ˈmɪtʃnər/;[2]February 3, 1907 – October 16, 1997) was an American writer. He wrote more than 40 books, most of which were long, fictionalfamily sagascovering the lives of many generations, set in particular geographic locales and incorporating detailed history. Many of his works were bestsellers and were chosen by theBook of the Month Club.He was also known for the meticulous research that went into his books.[3]
Michener's books includeTales of the South Pacific,for which he won thePulitzer Prize for Fictionin 1948;Hawaii;The Drifters;Centennial;The Source;The Fires of Spring;Chesapeake;Caribbean;Caravans;Alaska;Texas;Space;Poland;andThe Bridges at Toko-ri.His non-fiction works includeIberia,about his travels in Spain and Portugal; his memoir,The World Is My Home;andSports in America.Return to Paradisecombines fictional short stories with Michener's factual descriptions of the Pacific areas where they take place.[3]
His first book was adapted as the popular Broadway musicalSouth Pacific,byRodgers and Hammerstein,and later as eponymous feature films in1958and2001,adding to his financial success. A number of his other stories and novels were adapted for films and TV series.
He also wrotePresidential Lottery: The Reckless Gamble in Our Electoral System,in which he condemned the United States'Electoral College system.It was published in 1969, and republished in 2014 and 2016.[4]
Early life and education[edit]
Michener was born inDoylestown, Pennsylvania,on February 3, 1907. He later wrote that he did not know who his biological parents were, or exactly when or where he was born.[3]He was raised aQuakerby an adoptive mother, Mabel Michener, in Doylestown.[5]
Michener graduated fromDoylestown High Schoolin 1925. He attendedSwarthmore CollegeinSwarthmore, Pennsylvania,where he playedcollege basketballand was a member of thePhi Delta Thetafraternity. After graduatingsumma cum laudein 1929, with aBachelor of Artsdegree in English and History, he traveled and studied inScotlandat theUniversity of St Andrewsin the medieval town ofSt. Andrews,Fife,on the coast of theNorth Seafor two years.[6]
Michener talks about hoboing, the practice of riding freight trains for free, during theGreat Depression,as mentioned in the 1998 Great Depression documentary on the History Channel.
Michener took a job as a high school English teacher atThe Hill SchoolinPottstown, Pennsylvania.From 1933 to 1936, he taught English atGeorge SchoolinNewtown, Pennsylvania.He attended Colorado State Teachers College, later renamed theUniversity of Northern Colorado,inGreeley, Colorado,where he earned aMaster of Artsdegree in education.[5]
Career[edit]
After graduation, Michener taught at the university and at College High School. The Michener Library at theUniversity of Northern Coloradowas named after him in October 1972.[7][8]
In 1939, Michener accepted a position as a guest lecturer atHarvard University,where he worked for a year. He left to joinMacmillan Publishersas theirsocial studieseducation editor.[5]
As aQuaker,he could have qualified as a conscientious objector and not been drafted into the military, but Michener enlisted in theUnited States NavyduringWorld War II.[3][9][10]He traveled throughout theSouth Pacific Oceanon various assignments which he gained because his base commanders mistakenly thought his father was AdmiralMarc Mitscher.[11]His experiences during these travels inspired the stories published in his breakout workTales of the South Pacific.[5]
Writing career[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/South_Pacific_rehearsal.jpg/220px-South_Pacific_rehearsal.jpg)
Michener began his writing career duringWorld War II,when as alieutenantin theU.S. Navyhe was assigned to the South Pacific as a naval historian. He later turned his notes and impressions intoTales of the South Pacific(1947), his first book, published when he was age 40. It won thePulitzer Prizefor fiction in 1948, andRodgers and Hammersteinadapted it as the hit Broadway musicalSouth Pacific,which premiered onBroadwayinNew York Cityin 1949.[12]The musical was also adapted as eponymous feature films in1958and2001.
Michener tried television writing but was unsuccessful. American television producer Bob Mann wanted Michener to co-create a weeklyanthology seriesfromTales of the South Pacificand serve as narrator. Rodgers and Hammerstein, however, had bought all dramatic rights to the novel and did not relinquish their ownership.[13]Michener did lend his name to a different television series,Adventures in Paradise,in 1959, starringGardner McKayas Captain Adam Troy in the sailing shipTiki III.[14]
Michener was a popular writer during his lifetime; his novels sold an estimated 75 million copies worldwide.[15]His novelHawaii(1959), well-timed on its publication whenHawaiibecame the 50th state, was based on extensive research. He used this approach for nearly all of his subsequent novels, which were based on detailed historical, cultural, and even geological research.Centennial(1974), which documented several generations of families in theRocky Mountainsof theAmerican West,was adapted as a popular 12-part televisionminiseriesof the same name and aired on theNational Broadcasting Company(NBCtelevision network) from October 1978 through February 1979.[16]
In the mid-1970s, Michener was a contributor to theReaders' Guide to Periodical Literature.[17]
In 1996, State House Press publishedJames A. Michener: A Bibliography,compiled by David A. Groseclose. Its more than 2,500 entries from 1923 to 1995 include magazine articles, forewords, and other works.[18]
Michener's prodigious output made for lengthy novels, several of which run more than 1,000 pages. The author states inMy Lost Mexico(1992) that at times he would spend 12 to 15 hours per day at his typewriter for weeks on end, and that he used so much paper, his filing system had trouble keeping up.[page needed]
Personal life[edit]
Michener was married three times. In 1935, he married Patti Koon. In 1948, they divorced, and the same year Michener married his second wife, Vange Nord.[3]Michener met his third wife,Mari Yoriko Sabusawa,at a luncheon inChicago.An American, she and her Japanese parents wereinterned in western campsthat the U.S. government set up during the early years of World War II tohold ethnic Japanese from West Coast / Pacific communities.Michener divorced Nord in 1955 and married Sabusawa the same year. Sabusawa died in 1994.[3]
Michener's novelSayonara(1954) is quasi-autobiographical.[5]Set during the early 1950s, it tells the story of Major Lloyd Gruver, aUnited States Air Forceace jet pilot in theKorean War(1950–1953), now stationed inJapan,who falls in love with Hana-ogi, a Japanese woman. The novel follows their cross-cultural romance and illuminates the racism of the post-World War II time period. In 1957 it was adapted into the highly successful movieSayonarawhich starredMarlon Brando,James Garner,Miiko Taka,Miyoshi UmekiandRed Buttons;Umeki and Buttons both won the 1958 Academy Award ( "Oscar" ) for best supporting actor / actress for their performances.[19]
Political career[edit]
In the1960 presidential,Michener was chairman of theBucks County, Pennsylvaniacommittee to elect DemocratJohn F. Kennedyas the 35th President. In 1962, he unsuccessfully ran as aDemocratic Partycandidate for a seat in theU.S. House of RepresentativesfromPennsylvania,a decision he later considered a misstep. "My mistake was to run in 1962 as a Democratic candidate for Congress. [My wife] kept saying, 'Don't do it, don't do it.' I lost and went back to writing books."[5]In his memoirThe World Is My Home,Michener would describe running for office as "one of the best thing I've done because campaigning in public knocks sense into a man."[20]
In 1968, Michener served as campaign manager for theU.S. SenatorJoseph S. Clarkof Pennsylvania, who was running for reelection to a third term. Clark ultimately lost the race toRichard Schweiker,amoderate Republican.[21]Michener later served as Secretary for the 1967–1968 Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention.[5]Also that year, Michener was a member of theElectoral College,serving as a Pennsylvania Democrat. He wrote about that experience in a political science textPresidential Lottery: The Reckless Gamble in Our Electoral System,which was published the following year. In it, he suggested alternate systems, including using a direct popular vote by majority for the office ofPresident of the United Statesand other more creative solutions.
Philanthropy[edit]
Michener became a major philanthropist, donating more than $100 million to educational, cultural, and writing institutions, including hisalma mater,Swarthmore College,theIowa Writers Workshop,and the James A. Michener Art Museum,[22]and more than $37 million toUniversity of Texas at Austin.By 1992, his gifts made him UT Austin's largest single donor to that time. Over the years, Mari Michener played a major role in helping direct his donations.[3]
In 1989, Michener donated the royalty earnings from the Canadian edition of his novelJourney(1989), published in Canada byMcClelland & Stewart,to create theJourney Prize,an annual Canadian literary prize worth $10,000 (CDN) that is awarded for the year's best short story published by an emerging Canadian writer.
In the Micheners' final years, he and his wife lived inAustin, Texas,and they endowed theMichener Center for Writersat theUniversity of Texas at Austin.The Center provides three-year Michener Fellowships in fiction, poetry, playwriting and screenwriting to a small number of students.[23][24]
Death[edit]
In October 1997, suffering from terminal kidney disease, Michener opted to end his dailydialysistreatment that had kept him alive for four years. He said he had accomplished what he wanted and did not want further physical complications. On October 16, 1997, he died of kidney failure, at age 90.[3][12]Michener was cremated, and his ashes were placed next to those of his wife at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery in Austin, Texas. Michener is honored by a memorial headstone at theTexas State Cemeteryin Austin.[25]
Bequests[edit]
Michener left most of his estate and bookcopyrightstoSwarthmore College,where he earned his bachelor's degree.[26]He had donated his papers to theUniversity of Northern Colorado,where he earned his master's degree.[3]
Honors[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/James_Michener_in_University_of_Texas_at_Arlington_Library_Special_Collections_%2810003851%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-James_Michener_in_University_of_Texas_at_Arlington_Library_Special_Collections_%2810003851%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
- In 1971, Michener was awarded the Golden Plate Award of theAmerican Academy of Achievement[27]
- In 1980, Michener threw out the first pitch of Game Two of the National League Championship between the Philadelphia Phillies and the Houston Astros.[28]
- In 1981, Michener was awarded theSt. Louis Literary Awardfrom theSaint Louis UniversityLibrary Associates inSt. Louis, Missouri.
- In 1993, theU.S. Navy Memorial Foundationawarded Michener its "Lone Sailor Award"for his naval war service and his literary achievements.[29]
- In 1994, Michener endorsed the naming as "Michener's" the restaurant atIririki Island Resort,Port Vila,Vanuatu.He wrote:
Many of the fondest memories of my travels stem back to my years of military service in theNew Hebrides– (nowVanuatu) – during thePacific Waryears of the early 1940s...While those beautiful islands have changed much with progress in the ensuing years, I know from subsequent visits that the friendliness of the peoples, their infectious smiles and their open-heartedness will remain forever one of life's treasures.[30]
Posthumous[edit]
- On May 12, 2008, theUnited States Postal Servicehonored him with a 59¢Distinguished Americans seriespostage stamp.[31]
- The Library at TheUniversity of Northern ColoradoinGreeley, Colorado,hisalma mater,is named "The James Michener Library" in his honor. On the mezzanine, there is a small display of his effects, including one of his typewriters.[32]
- In 1998, theRaffles HotelinSingaporenamed one of their suites after the author, in memory of his patronage and affection for the hotel. Michener first stayed at the Singapore hotel in 1949 afterWorld War II.In a 1987 interview, he said it was a luxury for him, a young man, to stay at the Raffles Hotel then, and that he had the time of his life. He returned on a later trip. The suite was officially christened bySteven J. Green,Ambassador of United States to Singapore.[12]
James A. Michener Art Museum[edit]
Opened in 1988, in Michener's hometown ofDoylestown, Pennsylvania,theJames A. Michener Art Museumhouses collections of local and well-known artists. Michener pledged $5.5 million to the museum in 1996.[3]Constructed from the remains of an old state prison, the museum is a non-profit organization with both permanent and rotating collections. Two prominent permanent fixtures are the James A. Michener display room and the Nakashima Reading Room, constructed in honor of his third wife's Japanese heritage. The museum is known for its permanent collection ofPennsylvania Impressionistpaintings.
James A. Michener Society[edit]
The James A. Michener Society was formed in the fall of 1998. It comprises people who share a common interest and admirers of Michener's life and work.[33]The society sponsors a variety of activities and publishes an electronic internet newsletter. Annual meetings of members are held at locations closely associated with Michener's life.[33] The society's purpose is to:[33]
- Preserve the intellectual legacy of James A. Michener as a writer, teacher, historian, public servant, patriot, and philanthropist
- Ensure that future generations have full access to all his writings
- Promote the exchange of ideas and information about his writings
- Encourage fellowship among readers of his writings
- Inform devotees and members of the Society about recent publications and critiques of his writings
Works[edit]
In addition to writing novels, short stories, and non-fiction, Michener was very involved with movies, TV series, and radio. The following is only a selection of the listings in theLibrary of Congressfiles.[citation needed]
Books—fiction[edit]
Title | Year Published | Description |
---|---|---|
Tales of the South Pacific | 1947 | Pulitzer Prize–winning collection of sequentially related short stories about World War II.[34] |
The Fires of Spring | 1949 | This coming of age tale follows orphan David Harper as he navigates life and love in America. |
Return to Paradise | 1950 | Eight essays, each describing a South Pacific Island, and followed by a short story about that island.[35] |
The Bridges at Toko-ri | 1953 | This short novel chronicles the lives of young American servicemen fighting in the Korean War. |
Sayonara | 1954 | Set during the early 1950s, it tells the story of Major Gruver, a soldier stationed in Japan, who falls in love with Hana-Ogi, a Japanese woman. The novel follows their cross-cultural Japanese romance and illuminates the racism of the post-World War II time period. |
Hawaii | 1959 | This historical novel spans centuries of Hawaiian history, exploring the myriad influences that have shaped the people and landscapes of the state. |
Caravans | 1963 | Framed through the eyes of an American diplomat looking for an American woman married to an Afghan engineer, this novel explores the cultural shifts in post World War II Afghanistan. |
The Source | 1965 | InThe Source,Michener recounts the origins and rise of Judaism starting with early Hebrews and carrying the reader all the way through to the modern Arab-Israeli conflict. |
The Drifters | 1971 | The Driftersexamines the lives of young travelers as they search for meaning in the Vietnam war era. |
Centennial | 1974 | Centennial,one of Michener's most critically acclaimed novels, tells the story of Colorado, the Centennial State, from its geologic origins up to the 1976 Bicentennial. |
Chesapeake | 1978 | This novel recounts the history of a Maryland coastal community in Michener's trademark style. |
The Watermen | 1978 | An excerpt from his larger novel,Chesapeake,which was published byRandom Housethe same year. |
The Covenant | 1980 | From the prehistoric bushmen to British colonists, Michener traces the history of South Africa from its origins to the Second Boer War. |
Space | 1982 | The lives of scientists, astronauts, and politicians intertwine in this fictional account of the United States Space program. |
Poland | 1983 | Inspired by his travels in Poland, this Michener novel examines Polish history and culture from the 1200s up until the 1980s. |
Texas | 1985 | In this book, which spans over 400 years, Michener chronicles the origins, history and culture of Texas. |
Legacy | 1987 | Legacypresents a fictionalized account of the Iran–Contra scandal through the eyes of a conflicted US lieutenant colonel. |
Alaska | 1988 | This novel traces the background of Alaska from prehistory, through the gold rush, and into World War II. |
Caribbean | 1989 | This novel explores the history of the Caribbean, telling of the arrival of Columbus, the days of the buccaneers, the rise of the Jamaican sugar plantations, and moves up to the problems of the present day. |
Journey | 1989 | Journey, based on a chapter fromAlaska,follows the trials and tribulations of a British mining expedition during the Klondike Gold Rush. |
The Novel | 1991 | The Noveltells the story of a book, from its creation to publication, through the intersecting narratives of a writer, editor, reader, and critic. |
Mexico | 1992 | An American journalist, Norman Clay, arrives in Mexico not only to report on a duel between two celebrated matadors but to learn more about his family's past. |
Recessional | 1994 | Recessional,Michener's final novel, presents the challenges faced by a doctor caring for an unusual patient in a Florida hospice facility. |
Miracle in Seville | 1995 | Told through the eyes of an American writer,Miracle in Sevilleexplores bullfighting culture in Spain. |
Matecumbe | 2007 | Set in Florida,Matecumbeis a small, character-driven story detailing the relationship of a mother and daughter, both divorced and living parallel lives. |
Books—non-fiction[edit]
Title | Year published | Notes |
---|---|---|
The Future of the Social Studies ( "The Problem of the Social Studies" ) | 1939 | Editor |
The Voice of Asia | 1951 | The Voice of Asia,a compilation of fifteen articles published in 1951, presents Michener's personal experiences traveling through Asia after World War II. |
The Floating World | 1954 | Michener, in the text accompanying these prints, details how Japanese printmakers in the Edo period kept their art alive in the face of government restrictions. |
The Bridge at Andau | 1957 | Michener chronicles the experience of hundreds of refugees, fleeing brutal persecution by the Hungarian State Security Police |
Rascals in Paradise | 1957 | In this collection of short pieces, Michener and Day present the thrilling tales of ten real life adventurers. |
Japanese Prints: From the Early Masters to the Modern | 1959 | Featuring text written by Michener, this book presents sketches made by the artist Jack Levine during a trip to Japan. It also features notes byRichard Lane |
Report of the County Chairman | 1961 | Michener, who served as the chairman of the Bucks County Citizens for Kennedy Committee, recounts the process of campaigning for John F. Kennedy in Pennsylvania. |
The Modern Japanese Print: An Appreciation | 1968 | In this limited edition book, Michener provides commentary on ten works by Japanese woodblock print masters. |
Iberia | 1968 | In this non-fiction travelogue, Michener explores the culture, history, and geography of Portugal and Spain. |
Presidential Lottery | 1969 | Written in the run-up to the 1972 election, this non-fiction volume examines the limitations of the US electoral system and proposes reforms. |
The Quality of Life | 1970 | Michener presents his reflections and criticisms of US politics and culture in the 1970s as well as his recommendations for the future. |
Kent State: What Happened and Why | 1971 | InKent State,Michener investigates the 1970 shooting of unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard. |
A Michener Miscellany: 1950–1970 | 1973 | This compilation of essays features works by Michener published between 1950 and 1970. |
Firstfruits: A Harvest of 25 Years of Israeli Writing | 1973 | Edited by Michener,Firstfruitscollects outstanding Israeli short fiction from the first 25 years of the country's existence. |
Sports in America | 1976 | In this non-fiction volume, Michener examines the phenomenon of sports culture in America and its inherent issues. |
About Centennial: Some Notes on the Novel | 1978 | In this unique offering from Michener, he outlines the process of writingCentennialin this book distributed only to libraries and select booksellers. |
James A. Michener's USA: The People and the Land | 1981 | Edited by Peter Chaitin; foreword by Michener |
Collectors, Forgers—and a Writer: A Memoir | 1983 | Michener reflects on early influences in his life in this limited edition book. |
Six Days in Havana | 1989 | Based on his research trip to Cuba for his novelCaribbean,Six Days in Havanapresents Michener's recollection of the vibrant people and landscapes he encountered in Havana. |
Pilgrimage: A Memoir of Poland and Rome | 1990 | Part travelogue, part memoir, inPilgrimageMichener recounts his travels to Poland and Italy and reflects on his relationships with Pope John Paul II, Stan Musial, and others. |
The Eagle and the Raven | 1990 | Recounts the period in Texas history when renegade Sam Houston emigrated to the Mexican state of Tejas and helped lead the 1836 revolution against Mexican president Santa Anna |
My Lost Mexico | 1992 | Michener recounts the process of writing and editingMexico,a novel which he set aside for 30 years before finishing it in 1992. |
The World Is My Home | 1992 | The World Is My Home,Michener's widest arching memoir, presents the writer's reflections on both his life and career. |
Creatures of the Kingdom | 1993 | Collection of fifteen animal-focused segments fromHawaii,Centennial,Chesapeake,The Covenant,TexasandAlaska,and one original story. |
Literary Reflections | 1993 | Literary Reflections,a collection of Michener's reminiscences, also includes the reprinted text ofCollectors, Forgers—and a Writer and Testimony. |
William Penn | 1994 | A monograph by Michener about the life and beliefs ofWilliam Penn,the founder and first governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, |
Ventures in Editing | 1995 | In this limited edition book, Michener offers commentary on the writing and publishing process. |
This Noble Land | 1996 | This Noble Land: My Vision for America,describes the nation's strength and weakness and the author's hopes for its future. |
Three Great Novels of World War II | 1996 | A compilation of World War II novels featuring Michener'sTales of the South Pacificas well as Thomas Heggen'sMr. Robertsand Leon Uris'Battle Cry. |
A Century of Sonnets | 1997 | This collection of poetry written by Michener contains over one hundred poems written over a span of seventy-years. |
Adaptations[edit]
Title | Notes |
---|---|
South Pacific | 1949 Broadway musical byRodgers and Hammersteinbased on the novelTales of the South Pacific(1946) |
The Bridges at Toko-Ri | 1954 film based on the novellaThe Bridges at Toko-ri(1953) |
Return to Paradise | 1953 film based on the short story "Mr. Morgan" in the collectionReturn to Paradise(1951) |
Men of the Fighting Lady(also known as Panther Squadron) | 1954 film inspired by Michener'sSaturday Evening Postarticle, "The Forgotten Heroes of Korea"Louis Calhernportrays Michener in the film. |
Until They Sail | 1957 film based on a short story included inReturn to Paradise |
Sayonara | 1957 film nominated for 10 Academy Awards, won four; including Best Supporting Actress, forMiyoshi Umeki,the first East Asian Actress to win anOscar.Based on the semi-autobiographical novelSayonara(1954). |
South Pacific | 1958 film based on the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical in turn based on the novelTales of the South Pacific(1946) |
Adventures in Paradise | 1959–62 television series created by Michener |
Hawaii | 1966 film based on the novelHawaii(1959) |
The Hawaiians | 1970 film based on the novelHawaii(1959) |
Centennial | 1978 TV miniseries based on the novelCentennial(1974) |
Caravans | 1978 film starringAnthony Quinnbased on the novelCaravans(1963) |
Space | 1985 TV miniseries based on the novelSpace(1982) |
James A. Michener's Texas | 1994 TV miniseries based on the novelTexas(1985) |
South Pacific | 2001 television movie based on the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical in turn based on the novelTales of the South Pacific(1946) |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (January 10, 1977)."Gerald R. Ford, 38th President of the United States: 1974 - 1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom".The American Presidency Project.presidency.ucsb.edu.Archivedfrom the original on February 11, 2020.RetrievedMarch 29,2020.
- ^"Michener".The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(Fourth ed.). Houghton Mifflin. 2004.
- ^abcdefghijKrebs, Albin (October 17, 1997)."James Michener, Author of Novels That Sweep Through the History of Places, Is Dead".The New York Times.RetrievedNovember 5,2009.
- ^Michener, James (1969).Presidential Lottery.Penguin Random House.RetrievedMarch 1,2017.
- ^abcdefg"James Michener Biography".Pennsylvania Center for the Book.Penn State University Libraries.
- ^"Biographical Sketch, James A. Michener Papers".University of Miami Library.Archived fromthe originalon July 29, 2012.
- ^May, Kalen (October 30, 2012)."UNC Celebrating Michener Library's First 40 Years".University of Colorado.Archived fromthe originalon May 10, 2017.RetrievedJuly 17,2016.
- ^"Michener".Michener Library.
- ^"James A. Michener Biography and Interview".achievement.org.American Academy of Achievement.
- ^"Michener: A Writer's Journey - PDF Free Download".July 7, 0419.
- ^Michener, James A. (1951).Return to Paradise.Random House.
- ^abc"Get Me Michener at Raffles".The New Paper.Singapore. September 16, 1998.
- ^Hayes, John Michael (1984).James A. Michener: A Biography.Bobbs-Merrill. p.158.ISBN9780672527821.
- ^Hayes, p. 159.
- ^James Michener Biography.RetrievedMay 3,2009.
{{cite book}}
:|website=
ignored (help) - ^"Centennial: The Complete Miniseries".DVDTalk.RetrievedMarch 1,2017.
- ^H.W. Wilson Company (1904).Readers' guide to periodical literature.Internet Archive. Minneapolis: H.W. Wilson Co.
- ^Groseclose, David A. (1996).James A. Michener, A Bibliography.State House Press.ISBN1880510235.
- ^"The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners".Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).RetrievedAugust 27,2013.
- ^Michener, James (1992).The World is My Home(First ed.). New York: Random House. p. 188.ISBN0-679-40134-2.
- ^Beers, Paul B. (March 31, 1976).Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Tolerable Accommodation.Penn State University Press. p. 198.ISBN978-0271002385.
- ^"James A. Michener Art Museum".michenerartmuseum.org.Archived fromthe originalon March 30, 2006.RetrievedFebruary 16,2004.
- ^"The Michener Center for Writers and its Master of Fine Arts program at the University of Texas at Austin".utexas.edu.RetrievedMay 28,2014.
- ^"The Michener Fellowship at the University of Texas at Austin".utexas.edu.RetrievedMay 28,2014.
- ^"James Albert Michener".Texas State Cemetery.RetrievedMarch 1,2017.
- ^O'Neill, James (March 1, 1998). "Michener's gift keeps on giving".Philadelphia Inquirer.
- ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement".achievement.org.American Academy of Achievement.
- ^"1980 NLCS Game 2 - Astros vs Phillies @mrodsports".YouTube.March 28, 2016.
- ^"Lone Sailor Award Recipients".The United States Navy Memorial.Archived fromthe originalon October 16, 2015.RetrievedNovember 29,2014.
- ^"Michener's".iririki.
- ^"Two American Legends Appearing on Stamps: The Postal Service Honors James Michener and Dr. Edward Trudeau".USPS.gov.2008. Archived fromthe originalon October 9, 2010.
- ^"Michener Library".Libraries: UNC's Information Source.RetrievedNovember 29,2014.
- ^abc"Michener Society".MichenerSociety.
- ^"Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener - the 613th Greatest Fiction Book of All Time".
- ^"20th-Century American Bestsellers".Bestsellers.lib.virginia.edu.RetrievedAugust 25,2018.
Further reading[edit]
- Dybwad, G.L.; Bliss, Joy V.; Michener, James A. (1995).James A. Michener: The Beginning Teacher and His Textbooks.The Book Stops Here.(His formative school years with Michener's personal reminiscences.)
- Grobel, Lawrence (1999).Conversations with Michener(hardcover titledTalking with Michener).
- Groseclose, David A.; Michener, James A. (1996).James A. Michener: A Bibliography.ISBN9780963161215.
- Hayes, John Phillip (1985).James A. Michener: A Biography.Bobbs Merrill.ISBN9780672527821.
- May, Steven J.; Hemingway, Valerie (2005).Michener: A Writer's Journey.University of Oklahoma Press.ISBN9780806136998.
- Roberts, F.X. (1995).James A. Michener: A Checklist of His Works, with a Selected, Annotated Bibliography.Greenwood Press.ISBN9780313294532.
- Silverman, Herman (1999).Michener and Me: A Memoir(Hardcover ed.).(Memoir by a long-time friend of Michener's.)
- Vavra, Robert (Photographer) (2006).Michener's The Name.(Photo essay and commentary on Michener's writing ofIberiain Spain.)
External links[edit]
- James A. MicheneratIMDb
- Published books with covers
- James A. Michener Library at the University of Northern Colorado
- James A. Michener Biography and Interview on American Academy of Achievement
- James A. Michener Collection at the University of Northern Colorado
- James A. Michener Society
- James A. Michener Art Museum, Doylestown, PAArchivedMarch 30, 2006, at theWayback Machine
- Michener Center for Writers at the University of Texas at Austin
- Michener: His Influence and EthicsbyEdward Rutherfurd
- Working with James A. Michener—The Making ofThe Covenant
- James Michener interviewed by Stephen Banker(~1978)
- Biographical Entryat theTexas State Cemetery
- James A. MicheneratFind a Grave
- James A. Michener
- 1907 births
- 1997 deaths
- 20th-century American educators
- 20th-century American essayists
- 20th-century American male writers
- 20th-century American memoirists
- 20th-century American naval officers
- 20th-century American novelists
- 20th-century American poets
- 20th-century American philanthropists
- 20th-century political scientists
- Alumni of the University of St Andrews
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